Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Obesity is a substantial threat to the health of over a third of adults in the United States. Some evidence suggests that food attentional bias, or the tendency to automatically direct attention toward food-related stimuli in the environment, may contribute to the development of obesity in susceptible individuals. This study hypothesized that (1) food attentional bias would be positively associated with adiposity, (2) food attentional bias would be positively associated with energy intake and external eating, and (3) energy intake and external eating would partially mediate the association between food attentional bias and adiposity. Data were collected from a sample of 120 undergraduate students. Three measures of food attentional bias were obtained: reaction time bias obtained from a visual dot-probe task and direction bias and duration bias obtained from eye tracking. Adiposity indices of body mass index (kg/m2) and body fat percent were measured using standard medical devices. Data were obtained for two mediators: 1) energy intake was assessed by web-based automated 24-hour dietary recall and 2) external eating was assessed using the External Eating Subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Separate linear regression models examining the association between each measure of food attentional bias with each measure of adiposity (adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and subjective hunger) indicated no associations. Similarly, linear regression analyses revealed no associations between measures of food attentional bias and energy intake or external eating. Models testing for statistical mediation demonstrated that energy intake and external eating were not significant mediators. However, mediation analyses demonstrated a significant overall effect and direct effect between direction bias and BMI in a reduced sample used to test for energy intake as a mediator, suggesting the presence of an association which may not have been detected in the larger sample due to methodological issues, measurement error, or type I error. Despite the overall null results, these findings, in conjunction with previous studies on food attentional biases and adiposity, highlight the need for future investigations examining prospective associations between food attentional bias and adiposity.

Title: Influence of nutrition stereotyps on body composition - body weight, body fat, muscle mass and body water. Objectives: The aim of this work is to influence changes in body composition in women of various ages, body weight, occupation and movement regime. By adjusting eating habits reduce the amount of body fat while maintaining muscle mass. Methods Basic dietary recommendations for the ratio of macro-nutrients and time aspects of food intake according to the general body weight reduction recommendation. The bioimpedance method is used for assessment of body composition and selected circuits are evaluated at the same time. Based on this data, an individual diet plan was developed for each woman and the dietary effect was continuously evaluated. The study involved six women. Four overweight and obesity weighing 92 ± 17 kg and BMI 35 ± 4 kg/ . Two with a normal weight of 60 ± 2 kg and a BMI of 22.5 ± 0.5 kg/ Average age of women 40 ± 15 years. Results: After the individual diet was applied for three months, we found significant changes in women with higher body weight. They reduced body weight by 6 ± 1 kg and body fat by 5 ± 1 kg. In addition, these persons reduced the waist circumference by 5 ± 2 cm and the hips by 4 ± 2 cm. For the remaining two subjects with normal body weight, we did not...

Title: Influence of nutrition stereotypes on body fat reduction Objectives: The aim of this work is to achieve a reduction in body fat through appropriate eating habits. Acquired theoretical knowledge applied to practice for six women of different age and movement regime. Inform about the procedures of this intervention. Verify the validity of theoretical knowledge in practice. Achieve the desired results. Methods Basic dietary recommendations, peer-to-peer comparisons and time aspects of food intake. Furthermore, bioimpedance measurements on the In Body 230 instrument and physical body measurements by a tape method to determine the baseline status of the examined women and to subsequently monitor their running state at specified intervals. Developing a diet for each of these women and evaluating the on-going status. Results: The result of this diploma thesis is to make changes in eating habits that will lead to the reduction of body fat. Partial results are the protocols from the continuous measurement on the In Body 230 at the Lunacor s.r.o. In Kroměříž and fitness center Fit2b s.r.o. In Prague 8 - Bohnice.. Key words: Nutrition, way of living, lifestyle, obesity, BMI, dietary, basal metabolism, nutrition ratio, nutritional habits, reduction, body weight, body fat, muscle mass, body water,...