Le concept de « motivation » se distingue par une multitude d’approches et d’études déterminant ses aspects et ses impacts dans le champ des sciences humaines et sociales. Il se présente comme un élément important pour mobiliser le facteur humain et stimuler son niveau de performance. En référence aux sciences de l’information et de la communication et aux sciences de l’éducation, la motivation, de type intrinsèque ou extrinsèque, se manifeste dans un environnement qui favorise, parmi d’autres, l’expression, l’interaction et l’engagement. Dans une vision d’apprentissage, les pratiques de formation évoluent introduisant de nouvelles techniques sophistiquées, plus efficaces, telles que l’usage de dispositifs immersifs de formation à distance. Dès lors, notre thèse se penche sur l’étude du phénomène de la motivation au sein d’un dispositif sociotechnique animé par des avatars. Ceci va montrer la force de l’immersion dans le monde virtuel et son impact sur la motivation de l’usager de ce système de communication. Il s’agit donc de traiter une problématique traduisant les ambitions de l’apprenant de réussir son concours de Ma thèse en 180 secondes en combinant les pratiques et l’environnement qui stimulent son comportement au cours de sa formation. Un apprentissage favorisant la motivation par l’usage des personnages virtuels reproduisant les mouvements et les émotions de l’usager est un nouveau modèle de médiation porteur dans les sciences de l’information et de la communication.Notre thèse est d’avancer un outil de formation à distance qui optimise la communication entre les apprenants et leurs enseignants et développe un cercle d’apprentissage basé sur la motivation. Notre choix méthodologique est fondé sur une approche compréhensive permettant d’élucider la nature des liens conçus entre le monde réel et le monde virtuel mettant en interaction un sujet et son avatar. Pour ce faire, une expérimentation est engagée sur notre terrain de recherche, balisée par des techniques d’observations et d’entretiens qualitatifs afin de comprendre la nature des liens forgés entre les acteurs du système immersif et de saisir les stimuli de la motivation de l’apprenant dans une mise en situation de formation à distance. / The concept of “motivation” can be characterized by several approaches and studies that determine its aspects and its impacts in the fields of human and social science. It constitutes an important element that mobilizes human factors and stimulates performance level. In reference to information, communication and education science, intrinsic or extrinsic types of motivation can manifest in an environment that promotes expression, interaction and engagement. In a learning outlook, learning practices evolve introducing new and more efficient sophisticated techniques, such as the usage of immersive e-learning systems. Our research studies motivation phenomena through a sociotechnical protocol, animated by avatars. This will show immersion strength in the virtual environment and its impact on the motivation of the user of that communication system. The main point is to analyze a problematic that determines the ambitions of the trainee associated with winning the competition “My thesis in three minutes”, by combining practices and an environment that stimulates his behavior during the course. A learning process favoring motivation by the usage of virtual characters who reproduce the user’s movements and emotions is a new promising model of mediation in information and communication science.Our thesis is to present an e-learning tool that optimizes communication between teachers and learners and develops a learning circle based on motivation. Our methodology choice is based on a comprehensive approach that allows clarifying the nature of the actual links between the real and the virtual worlds, which creates an interaction between an individual and his avatar. To accomplish this, an experiment was set up and performed in our research field using observation techniques and qualitative interviews in order to understand the nature of the links existing between actors of the immersive system and to unravel the stimuli of the trainee’s motivation in an e-leaning situation.

Work ethic has been offered as a predictor explaining key work outcomes for over a century. However, key questions remain about the antecedents and outcomes of work ethic, as well as its distinction from other variables. This symposium includes 4 empirical studies addressing these issues, advancing work ethic research in organizations.

This study examined the impact of student choice on students who had not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences. The research question was: does student choice have an impact on the experiences of grade 10 students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences?<p> Literature on lifelong physical activity, problems with Canadian health and society, engaging disengaged students, and student choice were all examined in the second chapter. Literature specific to physical education was also examined; this included discussions on programmatic challenges, student motivation, and student choice. The promotion of lifelong physical activity is the major goal of many physical education curricula. Researchers have shown that students who enjoy their physical education classes are more likely to be active later in life. Currently many students do not enjoy their physical education programs. Allowing students the opportunity to choose what sports and activities they will be involved in within their physical education class has been shown to have a positive impact on student motivation and enjoyment. Absent from the body of literature is an examination of the role that choice in physical education plays in increasing motivation and enjoyment for students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences.<p> The study sought to learn about the experiences of students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education classes and what impacts they felt it may have on promoting lifelong physical activity adherence. Through purposeful sampling the study focused on the experiences of four students who were identified through a pre-study field investigation survey. Participants volunteered to take part in a one-on-one semi-structured interview with the researcher. The interviews provided a wealth of information on five themes. The themes that were most strongly represented in the interviews were: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, climate, engagement, and perceptions. The participants of the study were intrinsically motivated, felt a sense of self-determination, enjoyed the climate of their class, and were engaged in their learning. The participants also noted that their perceptions of physical activity had changed. Ultimately, the study showed that choice could have a profoundly positive impact on physical education experiences for students who have not previously enjoyed physical education.

This study examined the impact of student choice on students who had not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences. The research question was: does student choice have an impact on the experiences of grade 10 students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences?<p> Literature on lifelong physical activity, problems with Canadian health and society, engaging disengaged students, and student choice were all examined in the second chapter. Literature specific to physical education was also examined; this included discussions on programmatic challenges, student motivation, and student choice. The promotion of lifelong physical activity is the major goal of many physical education curricula. Researchers have shown that students who enjoy their physical education classes are more likely to be active later in life. Currently many students do not enjoy their physical education programs. Allowing students the opportunity to choose what sports and activities they will be involved in within their physical education class has been shown to have a positive impact on student motivation and enjoyment. Absent from the body of literature is an examination of the role that choice in physical education plays in increasing motivation and enjoyment for students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education experiences.<p> The study sought to learn about the experiences of students who have not enjoyed their previous physical education classes and what impacts they felt it may have on promoting lifelong physical activity adherence. Through purposeful sampling the study focused on the experiences of four students who were identified through a pre-study field investigation survey. Participants volunteered to take part in a one-on-one semi-structured interview with the researcher. The interviews provided a wealth of information on five themes. The themes that were most strongly represented in the interviews were: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, climate, engagement, and perceptions. The participants of the study were intrinsically motivated, felt a sense of self-determination, enjoyed the climate of their class, and were engaged in their learning. The participants also noted that their perceptions of physical activity had changed. Ultimately, the study showed that choice could have a profoundly positive impact on physical education experiences for students who have not previously enjoyed physical education.

Hållbarhetsredovisning, i vilken företag kan redovisa sitt hållbarhetsarbete avseende miljö, social och ekonomisk karaktär, har utvecklats allt under årens gång. Hållbarhetsredovisning ses som ett viktigt kommunikationsmedel för företag att kunna förevisa en ansvarsfull verksamhet, genom sitt arbete och förehavande avseende hållbarhet, till sina intressenter. I samband med hållbarhetsredovisningen identifierar företag de intressenter som är viktiga för deras verksamhet samt vad företaget väljer att redovisa. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med respondenter från fem stycken svenska börsnoterade företag, har vi gjort en ansats till att försöka besvara frågan hur företag identifierar och engagerar sina intressenter avseende hållbarhetsredovisningen och om intressenterna har någon påverkan på vad som redovisas. Analysen visar på att företag har varierande tillvägagångssätt vad gäller intressentidentifiering. Samtliga identifierade intressenter utgjordes av primära intressenter, såväl interna som externa. Det föreföll som att de intressenter som fick mest uppmärksamhet var de som var avgörande för företagens existens. Dessa intressenter kunde i några fall ha en påverkan för hur redovisningen var skriven. Samtliga företag i undersökningen engagerade sina intressenter kontinuerligt i olika dialoger, vilket även kunde ske på intressenters initiativ. På detta sätt försäkrade sig företagen om att hållbarhetsarbete och redovisning levde upp till intressenternas informationsbehov. Dock framkom att de i flesta fall hade liten påverkan på hållbarhetsredovisningen.  Mestadels gjordes endast modifikationer på vad som redovisades under de av företagen fastställda hållbarhetsområden. / Sustainability reporting, in which firms can display their sustainability efforts regarding environmental, social and economic character, has developed through the years. Sustainability reporting is considered an important means of communication, where firms can portray a responsible organization through their work and activities regarding sustainability, to their stakeholders. Firms identify their stakeholders of essence for their organization as well as the content, in conjunction with the sustainability report. We have made an attempt trying to answer the question how firms identify and engage their stakeholders, in regards to the sustainability report and if stakeholders can influence what is reported, through qualitative interviews with respondents from five Swedish listed firms. The analysis indicates that firms identify their stakeholders in different ways. All the identified stakeholders were regarded as primary stakeholders, internal as well as external. It seemed like most attention were given to the stakeholders significant for the firms’ existence. These stakeholders could in some cases influence on how the report was written. All firms that participated in the study were engaging with their stakeholders on a regular basis in different dialogues, which could take place by the initiative of the stakeholders’.  The firms got reassurance in this way, that their work with sustainability and reporting were satisfactory to the stakeholders’ need of information.  Though the result shows that stakeholders had very little influence over the sustainability report. Mostly the firms only did some modification under what was reported, under the already established sustainability areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Aparecida Serrano.pdf: 816855 bytes, checksum: 5baaf03f7962918649623a17f8950d94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-14 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This study has as its main objective the analysis of the manager s experience when engaging peoples with disabilities (PwDs) to their team work. The intention was to find out what the meaning of the word engagement conveyed by these managers is and to what extent this meaning has been transformed into inclusive practices. The idea of the study was to identify what results this engagement could bring up as to the learning processes which give support to the improvement of the managers skills when dealing with the PwDs universe. It consists of an exploratory study driven through the qualitative interpretative basic method, proposed by Merriam. The data presented have been collected from five distinct multinational companies from different areas, as follows: agro-business, automotive, publishing, energy and diesel technology. In-depth interviews, and semi-structured ones have been carried out with managers who hold disabled people in their team work for at least one year; with the peoples with disabilities (PwDs) themselves under their command; and with the staff in charge of the Engagement Program of all of these companies as well. The way of dealing with the collected data was the one of the interpretation of the textual information content by Gil Flores. For the accomplishment of this study, the following authors and theories have been consulted: for the diversity issues, Cox Jr.; as a reference to the concept of engagement and deficiency, Sassaki and Amaral; as to the notion of social identity, Tajfel; and, for the competence and learning matters, Sandberg, Cheetham and Chivers, Kolb, among others. The data analysis revealed that, for the managers, the engagement act is much more related to the social justice issue than to the idea of the empowerment of the PwDs. Such interpretation led them to prioritize the development of two competences: behavioral and ethical, and value ones. The main learning process identified to improve these competences was the existential one, which drove the managers to review their concepts, question and modify their beliefs and, as a consequence of these reflections, review their management techniques. The study now presented intended to enlarge and deepen the discussion on the theme from a new perspective: the manager as an engagement agent. / Este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a experiência de gestores na inclusão de pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) em suas equipes de trabalho. A intenção foi descobrir qual o significado que tais gestores atribuem ao termo inclusão e de que forma tal significado vem se traduzindo em práticas inclusivas. Pretendeu-se, com isto, identificar os processos de aprendizagem decorrentes da experiência da inclusão que dão suporte ao desenvolvimento da competência dos gestores em tratar com o universo da PcD. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, conduzido pelo método qualitativo interpretativo básico, proposto por Merriam. Os dados foram coletados em cinco empresas multinacionais distintas, dos segmentos: agronegócios, automotivo, editorial, energia e tecnologia diesel, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, semi-estruturadas, realizadas com gestores que têm PcDs em suas equipes há pelo menos um ano; com as PcDs a eles subordinadas; e com os responsáveis pelo Programa de Inclusão de cada empresa. O tratamento dos dados coletados seguiu a proposta de interpretação do conteúdo da informação textual de Gil Flores. Para a realização deste estudo, recorreu-se aos seguintes autores e teorias: para discutir diversidade, Cox Jr.; como referência ao conceito de inclusão e deficiência, Sassaki e Amaral; quanto à noção de identidade social, Tajfel; e, para discutir competências e aprendizagem, Sandberg, Cheetham e Chivers, Kolb, entre outros. A análise dos dados revelou que, para os gestores, o ato de incluir está mais relacionado à questão da justiça social do que à idéia de empoderamento da PcD. Tal interpretação os levou a priorizar o desenvolvimento de dois tipos de competências: comportamentais e éticas e valores. O principal processo de aprendizagem identificado para o desenvolvimento dessas competências foi o vivencial, o que levou os gestores a revisarem seus conceitos, questionarem e modificarem suas crenças, e, em conseqüência dessa reflexão, revisarem sua forma de gerenciar. O trabalho ora apresentado pretendeu ampliar o conhecimento e aprofundar a discussão sobre o tema a partir de uma nova perspectiva: o gestor como agente de inclusão.

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This paper discusses factors that affect engagement during a museum experience with a focus on applying gamification into a museum application. At the center of this paper, the educative and engaging purposes of a museum visit are situated and analyzed in the form of design research. Following the design thinking methodology, first a background study with relevant literature, theoretical framework, and related studies on existing museum experiences using games and mobile technology is presented. Moreover, in order to narrow down the perspective of the study a case study with an existing museum application is selected. As a result of this research, a prototype of a game within the Visitor Guide application of the Nationalmuseum of Sweden was created and tested in a showroom environment, in a museum exhibition. The aim of this study was to find out if a game within a museum application could engage the visitors while educating them. The findings create space for discussions about several topics, including different factors affecting engagement and how gamification can help to educate the museum visitors in a non-gamified environment.

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One population with challenges in learning to read is children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) intervention activities to improve phonological awareness and phonics skills with three children with ASD. Previous studies have looked at the effectiveness of using SEEL with other young children with diverse backgrounds; however, this is the first study to focus on using SEEL intervention with children with ASD. The study used a single-subject, multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design to compare performance on phonic patterns before and after intervention. Three young, male students who had a diagnosis on the autism spectrum and delays in literacy skills participated in the study. A number of different, yet comparable literacy targets were selected for each of the participants and assessment tasks were created to probe the participants’ ability to demonstrate reading and phonological awareness for these target patterns. Baseline assessment data were collected prior to participants receiving individualized intervention, and performance on each task was monitored using the same assessment each subsequent session. SEEL instruction focusing on one target at a time was used to teach participants to read or decode the target words and give appropriate responses to phonological awareness tasks. Intervention sessions were held once a week and lasted approximately 30-45 minutes. Each SEEL lesson was adapted to meet the needs of the individual child; however, all sessions contained SEEL principles of contextualized play, frequent auditory and visual exposures to the targets, explicit teaching using the target words, and engaged and reciprocal participation with opportunities to create original oral and written phrases. An analysis of the results show marked improvement in performance with the selected targets for two of the participants. This study provides further insight into the efficacy of using SEEL with different populations in need of early literacy intervention, especially those with multiple behavioral and skill-based variables to consider. It also discusses some additional factors and challenges to consider for future research in using SEEL with children with ASD.