Most jurisdictions have over the past two decades experienced reforms with regard to arbitration law. These include England, America, France, Germany and the Netherlands. These reforms were necessary as the trend in the modern era shows that businessmen situated in different countries usually prefer to have their disputes resolved by arbitration as opposed to court litigation. To have disputes resolved effectively, it is surely a desirable thing to have laws that would promote the use of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution. This would also ensure progressive international trade which is an important aspect of development in the South African constitutional state. One aspect of the law that would ensure a speedy and effective resolution of dispute by means of arbitration is the incorporation of the doctrine of separability in a country's law. The doctrine of separability provides that an arbitration agreement is a separate and independent contract from the main contract in which it is incorporated. In light of the above, the primary purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the English legal system with that of South Africa with specific focus on the doctrine of separability. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Most jurisdictions have over the past two decades experienced reforms with regard to arbitration law. These include England, America, France, Germany and the Netherlands. These reforms were necessary as the trend in the modern era shows that businessmen situated in different countries usually prefer to have their disputes resolved by arbitration as opposed to court litigation. To have disputes resolved effectively, it is surely a desirable thing to have laws that would promote the use of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution. This would also ensure progressive international trade which is an important aspect of development in the South African constitutional state. One aspect of the law that would ensure a speedy and effective resolution of dispute by means of arbitration is the incorporation of the doctrine of separability in a country's law. The doctrine of separability provides that an arbitration agreement is a separate and independent contract from the main contract in which it is incorporated. In light of the above, the primary purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the English legal system with that of South Africa with specific focus on the doctrine of separability. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Qu’ils soient néerlandais, anglais ou français, les ingénieurs du génie civil ont toujours fait autorité en matière d’aménagement du littoral. A travers la recherche constante d’innovations techniques, ils ont contribué à modeler le littoral – voire à le créer de toute pièce aux Pays-Bas – et imposé une vision techniciste de ce territoire entre terre et mer. Le tournant écologique et social qui a caractérisé les années 1970 a remis en question cette vision imposée par les ingénieurs, créant un véritable bouleversement pour la profession. Cette étude comparée tente d’expliquer comment les ingénieurs se représentent aujourd’hui le littoral qu’ils aménagent, et comment, en concertation avec d’autres scientifiques, ils élaborent désormais des solutions innovantes en adéquation avec une gestion intégrée du littoral. Il ressort que l’opposition entre vision linéaire et statique du littoral, longtemps imputée aux ingénieurs, et celle, plus large et systémique, généralement attribuée aux autres scientifiques, s’estompe. Des différences culturelles entre les trois pays semblent plus pertinentes pour expliquer les avancées observées. Par ailleurs, les ingénieurs semblent être en train de dépasser et de s’approprier le mouvement « vert » des dernières décennies pour saisir de nouvelles opportunités, tant professionnelles que territoriales. / Whether Dutch, English or French, civil engineers have long been a recognized authority on coastal management. Through their relentless search for technical innovations, engineers have been instrumental in both shaping the coast – in the case of the Netherlands creating it almost entirely – and imposing on it a technical vision. The social and ecological movement which characterized the 1970’s brought this engineering vision into question. This change in outlook would create real turmoil for the profession. This comparative study attempts to explain how nowadays engineers envision the coast they manage and how, in collaboration with other scientists, they now derive innovative solutions in line with an integrated coastal management. It appears that the classical opposition, between a vision long imputed to engineers of a static and linear coast and one attributed to other scientists who view the coast as something larger and more systemic, has become blurred. Cultural differences between the three countries are more relevant to explain the differences observed. Into the bargain engineers seem to have overtaken the “green” movement of the last decades to seize new opportunities, professional ones as well as territorial. / Of ze nu Nederlands, Engels of Frans zijn, de waterbouwers zijn autoriteit als het aankomt op het beheren van de kust. Met hun niet aflatende zoektocht naar innovatieve technieken hebben ze een bijdrage geleverd aan het vormen van de kustlijn – of om het even welke deel van Nederland dan ook – en hebben ze de kustlijn gevormd op een technocratische wijze. De ecologische en sociale omwenteling, kenmerkend voor de jaren ’70, heeft vraagtekens gezet bij deze, door ingenieurs opgelegde, visie en veroorzaakte een serieuze omwenteling in het vakgebied. Deze studie probeert uit te leggen hoe de ingenieur vandaag de dag de kust behartigt en hij hoe tegenwoordig in overleg met andere wetenschappen nieuwe oplossingen ontwikkelt die in lijn zijn met een integraal kustbeheer. Het blijkt dat het onderscheid tussen de rechtlijnige en statische visie over de kust, lang toegeschreven aan ingenieurs, en de bredere en systematische aanpak, over het algemeen toegeschreven aan andere wetenschappers, vervaagt. Culturele verschillen tussen de drie landen lijken een belangrijkere reden te zijn voor de geconstateerde ontwikkelingen. Daarnaast lijken de ingenieurs zich de "groene" kennis in de afgelopen decennia eigen gemaakt te hebben om nieuwe kansen te grijpen, zowel voor hun vak als voor hun omgeving.

Proefschrift--Amsterdam. / Bibliography: p. 291-302.