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A study of Australian Catholic school enrolments into the nineteen eighties, particularly in respect to the developmentof a model for projecting enrolments and an analytical discussion of the variables involvedWilliamson, Denis P., n/a January 1978 (has links)
Catholic schools represent the major alternative to
government schools in providing formal primary and secondary
education for the Australian school-going population. The
organisational structure of the Catholic school "system", however,
differs significantly from that of government systems. Traditionally,
Catholic schools form a decentralised network of administrative and
governing authorities. Within this tradition, there are difficulties
in developing a conceptual model fur a state or national view of
Catholic school structures.
During the past couple of decades, changes of a sociopolitical,
economic, and ecclesiastical nature have caused public
and private education authorities in Australia to view Catholic schools
in an aggregated as well as individual sense. Along with increased
public subsidies for the establishment and operation of schools, public
accountability ana scrutiny for fiscal and other policy development
purposes have likewise grown. The future of the Catholic school system
is therefore of interest to both government agencies and Catholic
authorities.
To facilitate an analyses of the broad future for a school
system, one useful tool is a model of the system which can be used to
project enrolments. Enrolment projections in the very best of
organisationally structured environments are precarious predictors
of the future, so the business of applying a projection model to base
data requires qualification. Since Catholic schools form an irregular
organisational pattern which is undergoing change, projections of
Catholic school enrolments at state or national levels in Australia
require particular qualification.
This study is mainly concerned with the development of a
model for projecting Catholic school enrolments. It is aimed at taking
advantage of data produced by the 1976 Australian Census of Population
and Housing when this becomes available. However, it also analyses the
historical development of Catholic schools in a general sense, and
looks to a number of social, political, and economic trends which may
act as pointers towards future developments.
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An analysis of enrolment trends in non-Catholic, non-Government schoolsAllen, John R., n/a January 1977 (has links)
Enrolment trends in non-Catholic, non-Government schools since
1962 show various interesting features. Overall the percentage of
students enrolled in such schools today is about the same as it
was in 1962, but this percentage has fluctuated in the intervening
period. It contrasts notably with the trend in Catholic schools
which is one of a sustained decline.
Further analysis reveals that the number of boarders in non-
Catholic, non-Government schools as a percentage of total
enrolments in such schools has declined markedly, and during this
decade has declined in absolute terms. This fall appears to
relate to declining rural incomes and to rural-urban migration.
The drop occurs despite the fact that increases in boarding fees
are less than increases in tuition fees, the former relating
closely to trends in the consumer price index, the latter to
movements in the gross national product per capita.
The masculinity level for All Schools and for non-Catholic,
non-Government schools is about 1O5 in each case. However, in
All Schools there has been a notable decline to reach this point,
whereas in non-Catholic, non-Government schools there has been
a steady increase in masculinity over the last fifteen years to
arrive at the same point.
Since 1962 Undenominational Schools have increased their enrolments
at a considerably faster rate than have other religions.
Presbyterian schools have lost ground, reflecting, perhaps, their
interest in non metropolitan boarding schools, a sector which has
been adversely affected in recent years, and also, perhaps,
reflecting some inertia resulting from the impending union into
the Uniting Church. In non-Catholic, non-Government schools a ratio of about 2:1
between secondary and primary enrolments seems common. Enrolments
within these two sections seem to be affected by somewhat
different factors, but a balance has been maintained at this level.
Trends noted are not the result of particular variables but of a
large number of interrelated factors. Relationships can be
noted but not causality. Many interesting paths appear, often
paths which cannot be followed in this field study. Nevertheless,
there are various questions which beg further research. For
example, why it is that New South Wales (including the Australian
Capital Territory) with the highest per capita income of any
state has the lowest percentage of school students attending
non-Catholic, non-Government schools?
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A policy study of the maintenance of small high schools as individual organizations in a situation of contracting enrolmentsWells, John L., n/a January 1980 (has links)
The Report of the Field Study is a descriptive record of:-
(i) the development of the A.C.T. Schools Authority
according to a particular philosophy and operational
structure of devolution of responsibility to schools
and community participation in decision making at
school and system level.
(ii) the impact which changes in government policy in the
areas of
(a) growth of the Australian Public Service and Canberra
(b) funding of the A.C.T. government schools
have on the A.C.T. Schools Authority operations.
(iii) the mechanism by which policy is being developed for
the maintenance of small high schools as individual
organizations in a situation of contracting enrolments.
The functions of the A.C.T. Schools Authority are, amongst
others, to establish and conduct,pre schools, primary schools,
high schools and secondary colleges.
In 1980 there were 165 schools and of these only three were
outside the city of Canberra.
During the 1960's Canberra underwent extensive expansion of
the city boundaries because of rapid increases in population
as a result of government policy in establishing the city as
the seat of government. Government departments were moved
from rented premises in other cities to new purpose built
buildings in Canberra. Economic conditions and government
funding supported all aspects of the expansion as it continued
into the '70's.
The government school building programme was one of many which
had to be integrated into the city growth plan. In 1960 there
were three secondary schools, in 1970 there were nine and in
1980 there were twenty three.
This Field Study is concerned with the A.C.T. Schools Authority's
approach to its responsibilities under the following changed
circumstances.
1. Change in growth rate of Canberra.
From 1976, as a result of a change in government policy and in
different economic conditions and policies there was a dramatic
and unpredicted decrease in the rate of population increase.
Movement of government departments to Canberra was severely
curtailed and the service industries and building industries
consequently also dramatically reduced their expansion. By
1978 there was evidence of a severe contraction in these
industries and the growth of Canberra in the 60's to mid 70's
had changed to a no-growth and then a decline.
2. Schools with small enrolments.
Added to the nil or very slow population increase in some
suburbs is the decline in the number of school age children
in the inner suburbs of the city resulting in schools
accommodating down to half of their previous numbers of
students and the completion of school buildings in the as yet
underpopulated outer suburbs. This latter situation developed
because the lead time required for the planning and building
of new schools is such that irreversible decisions had been
made in the context of the population growth period and the
resulting building programme was overtaken by the unexpected
policy reversal causing a no growth situation to develop.
The empty school buildings provoked the sparsely populated
new communities to press for their opening and so provide what
were seen to be essential community facilities.
3. Strict controls on costs.
Allied to its policy restricting the growth rate of Canberra
the government introduced strict controls on the cost of
government education services in the A.C.T. The real
difficulty was in the nature of the controls. Per-pupil costs
were not to rise in real terms after 1976/77. With "fixed"
costs such as cleaning, heating, maintenance, lighting and
janitor rising or at least remaining constant whilst school
enrolments decline, there was little hope of meeting the
government directive. The Authority therefore considered the
possibilities of deferring the opening of new schools and
phasing out some inner Canberra schools as the only means of
carrying out its responsibility.
The proposal evoked strong community reaction. It was claimed
that such an edict from the central authority was in contravention
of the philosophical and legal foundations of the
A.C.T. system. School Boards and communities were the places
where decisions could be made that would enable their schools
to remain as functioning entities, providing their students
with creative educational programmes and still adapt to the
economic constraints of the total system.
Faced with this resounding community disapproval the Schools
Authority established a Working Party on llth June 1979
"To consider the problems of declining and shifting school
populations and its effect on the A.C.T. school system. In
particular it will examine educational, financial and staffing
problems associated with conducting small secondary schools
and report to the Authority no later than June 1980".
The Working Party then mounted a programme of enquiry throughout
the A.C.T. Teachers, parents, students, School Boards, P & C
committees and public meetings were asked to submit proposals,
express opinions and respond to models. The resulting report
Declining and Shifting Enrolments in A.C.T. Secondary schools
was presented and public response invited. Once again the
philosophy of the A.C.T. government school system was being put
into practice.
The study also investigates some of the issues in respect of
the individual small school facing declining enrolments and
consequently reductions in staffing and financial resources.
Some conclusions are posed for the individual school, the A.C.T.
Schools Authority and the various government instrumentalities
which service and to some extent control, the A.C.T. government
school system.
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An analysis of the governance of higher education access in malawi / A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION (Higher Education Studies) in the Department of Education, University of the Western CapeChivwara, Nita 01 1900 (has links)
Magister Educationis - MEd / Over the past few years researchers have been studying access reforms, as well as uncovering
challenges related to systems with low participation rates; Examples of this type of work are
Teferra and Altbach (2003), Maharasoa (2003) and World Bank (2008). A key factor often
addressed are various reforms related to access policies, often merely descriptions of access
reforms in general or the status quo of systems are given, particularly those with low
participation rates or needing access reforms (Weber, 2005). The relationship between
participation rates, access policies and the governance of higher education has however not
yet been thoroughly examined.
The purpose of this qualitative study is to present the results of an analysis carried out to
investigate the research question: Is there a relationship between participation rates, access
policies and the governance of higher education access in Malawi? The access-policygovernance
theory whose proponents are Tapper (2005), Ball (1990), Bunting et al (2005)
and Clark (1983), among others, formed the basis for a proposed framework of evaluating the
governance of higher education access in Malawi. The data involved in this study are national
educational policies and institutional policy. The second data set are interviews with fourteen
personnel who are involved in formulation and implementation of higher education access
policies and the governance of higher education, both at a national level in Malawi and
institutional level at the University of Malawi.
A conclusion is drawn that the policies which were utilised and the governance structure
created from them generated the limited nature of access which characterises Malawi’s higher
education sector. The policies belonging to the University of Malawi, for example, generated
proposed growth in student numbers without drastic changes in the general governance
structure of the university. Thus the University of Malawi was unable to maintain the growth
that the institutional policies intended. This research is of significance to the domain of
governance of access as it extends the knowledge base that currently exists in the field of
higher education studies. The concept of linking participation rates, access policies and the
governance of higher education is relatively under-researched in this field. It is hoped that
this study has added to the understanding of this relationship by addressing the significance
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Factors influencing the choice of agriculture as a study discipline by undergraduates: a case study of a distance university's agriculture departmentDlamini, Nqobile Faith 05 1900 (has links)
Enrolments in agriculture programmes at universities in South Africa are low when compared to the other programmes. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify factors influencing the choice of agriculture as a study discipline by undergraduates in agriculture, in an open distance education university in South Africa. The study also investigated the impact of the three agriculture curricula taught at school level, as well as how well it prepares students for tertiary education. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Open distance-learning agriculture students and agriculture educators participated in the survey. A structured online questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire were employed. The study revealed that two major composite variables, namely family and friends, as well as job considerations, were highly significant in the students’ choice of agriculture at tertiary level. The impact of the agriculture curricula taught in the schools in preparation for tertiary education gave learners basic terminology and concepts involved in agriculture. The study also revealed challenges faced by agricultural science educators amongst which were the revealed challenges faced by agricultural science educators amongst which were the learners’ negative attitude towards the subject, inadequate or lack of infrastructure, and lack of proper guidance and counselling regarding choosing of subjects as factors that could hinder effective teaching and learning of agriculture in South Africa schools.
Students studying through open distance learning indicated convenience, flexibility of studying at own pace, and ample time to spend with family and work, as factors that influenced their choice of studying through open distance learning. Recommendations on how to improve the agriculture curriculum in South African schools and attract more students’ enrolment in agriculture as a field of study at tertiary level upon completion of grade 12 are discussed in detail in the study / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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