With the increasing number of enterprises which provides e-business via Internet and the complex of information system, Information Security becomes more and more important to a company. Information Security not only can improve a company¡¦s information system but also can protect its information asset. It becomes a basic element for e-business. In addition, since information today goes beyond boundaries, a company may face the threat of being attacked by hackers or virus all the time. Maintaining system operation and protecting internal information become an essential issue to a company. Due to this new trend, Information Security Service Industry becomes one of the newly developed industries. At present, a company has the urgent need of adopting information technology to increase competitive advantages. The importance of Information Security is increasing day by day. This research mostly focuses on Taiwan Information Security Service Industry which is still lack of research literatures. The research uses a local Information Security Service company as its research target. Case study, field observation, and reading company¡¦s related materials help to understand how entrepreneurs analyze environment and evaluate opportunities, required resources, threats, and key success/failure factors. The research mainly focuses on how environment and opportunities analysis, entrepreneur team and organization structure, product strategy and operating model, consumers and market, product competitive advantage and implementation influence a company¡¦s success.

After CCP established its political power in 1949, they still follow Lenin style of Communism. How CCP can combat the successive collapse of Communism regimes all over the world in the early 1990¡¦s, and become the biggest communism on earth? How could Mainland China become the regional leading power in 21st century which attracts the greatest amount of foreign investment, and continuously maintain economic power growth in twenty years? In 2001, The ¡§Three Represents Theory¡¨, proposed by Jiang Zemin, is suited to access that if CCP can truly start its political reform. In order to find the joint of CCP¡¦s original theory and national development, CCP make a vital theoretical correction of its ideological disciplines which maintain the governance legitimacy of CCP regime. The attempt of this research is try to solve the questions listed below: 1. Nowadays, in the few remainders of communist regimes, CCP is the biggest. Could CCP resist universal current of democracy and liberty, and maintain its way to practice party autocracy in Mainland China? 2. What¡¦s the concept and influence of Jiang Zemin¡¦s ¡§Three Represents Theory¡¨? What is its contradictory between CCP¡¦s original theory and the ¡§Three Represents Theory¡¨? How ¡§Three Represents¡¨ reconcile the contradictory in theoretical controversy? 3. The development of ¡§Three Represents Theory¡¨ makes CCP start to validate the legitimacy of ¡§capitalist class¡¨; besides it broaden and safeguard the political participation of ¡§private entrepreneur¡¨. We¡¦re trying to find out the development process of this aspect. ¡§Three Represents¡¨ open a window for capitalist class¡¦ political participation; what we want to know is that whether CCP can efficiently control the political participation of private entrepreneurs. 4. What¡¦s the influence of ¡§Three Represents Theory¡¨ in future political development? Is ¡§Three Represents theory¡¨ the starting point of the political reform in Mainland China? Or it is just ¡§Jiang Zemin¡¦s personal performance¡¨ as the razzle-dazzle fireworks before his retirement?

Regulatory foci, a personality variable, differentially regulate the way in which individuals pursue goals based on different levels of pain avoidance and pleasure pursuit tendency. This variable is particularly relevant to entrepreneurial processes. This is because entrepreneurs, similar to other individuals, tend to frame many sub-tasks in the processes as either gain vs. non-gain or loss vs. non-loss games. Thus, the mechanism with which regulatory foci influence individuals’ decision making and choices similarly applies to those of entrepreneurs and their startup firms. Despite this high relevance, this variable has received inadequate attention from entrepreneurship scholars. This study tries to fill in this research gap by examining how an entrepreneur’s regulatory foci influence various aspects of strategy processes and strategy content of new venture development. / text

This research contributes to the discussion surrounding New Zealand’s entrepreneurial environment and Innovation Framework and addresses the research problem of whether the New Zealand government should seek to support entrepreneurship and innovation through the various knowledge-based or regulatory organisations it owns or funds, and if so, how it should go about accomplishing this. The approach taken was to use qualitative methods to examine how the government’s support for entrepreneurship and innovation was delivered to an emerging cluster of entrepreneurs from the point of view of those entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs were involved in the innovative industry of land-based aquaculture and fieldwork was carried out in the Gisborne Region, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. This study began by reviewing relevant literature from academic, industry and government sources to identify relevant sub-themes and create a framework for analysis. Fieldwork was undertaken using ethnographic methods to explore how the entrepreneurs experienced the New Zealand entrepreneurial environment and innovation framework in their interactions with knowledge-based and regulatory organisations. Data was gathered primarily by participant observation and semi-structured interviews and transcripts were coded and analysed using NVivo® software. An ethnographic narrative was produced and the interview transcripts analysed for relevance to the sub-themes from literature and to identify patterns that emerged from the data. This research reports that four of the entrepreneurs failed in their ventures due to a combination of factors both within their operations and within the entrepreneurial environment. These factors included technical difficulties maintaining livestock health and growth within an artificial marine environment, an inability to obtain assistance from knowledge-based organisations, problems in dealing with regulatory organisations, difficulty retaining trained staff, uncertainty about the market, and high energy costs. The Māori training organisation, Turanga Ararau, formed the Gisborne Aquaculture Society in an effort to establish a Gisborne aquaculture cluster however, this initiative proved unsuccessful primarily because the society failed to attract the 12 involvement of key stakeholders. This research contributes to the policy and practice of cluster facilitation by examining the extent to which best practice was followed in this attempt to establish a cluster and presents conclusions as to how the process of establishing the cluster could have been improved. This study also reports that the entrepreneurs were cut off from access to knowledge and research resources and received little advice or support from the knowledge based organisations that might have played a role in the development of their cluster. It examines how and why New Zealand’s Innovation Framework might be failing to recognise and support the vital role of entrepreneurs in economic development and suggests how this might be improved. The methodology chapters of this thesis contribute to literature regarding the use of ethnographic methods in entrepreneurship research and a further by-product of this thesis is an ethnographic account of the participant observation and semi structured interviews with the entrepreneurs. This research also provides an insight into the obstacles and challenges faced by entrepreneurs in New Zealand, in particular those involved in the emerging recirculating aquaculture industry.

Este seminario tiene por objetivo caracterizar las principales etapas del proceso emprendedor chileno durante los noventa. Mediante el uso de técnicas estadísticas y econométricas, se analizan los factores que influyen sobre el éxito de las empresas, divididos de acuerdo a la fuente de donde proceden en: características iniciales de la empresa, características iniciales del medio ambiente competitivo y rasgos del emprendedor. Para observar lo anterior, se ha definido éxito como un indicador del rendimiento de las empresas encuestadas en relación a las restantes empresas del sector productivo al que pertenece cada una de ellas. Posteriormente, se analizan los factores relevantes para cada uno de los escenarios, que dan como resultado que son las características de los individuos fundadores las que explican significativamente el éxito de las empresas.

Theory suggests that the source of an organization’s culture is the founder, yet few empirical studies exist on the relationship between the entrepreneur’s personality and the organizational culture. However, the constructs of personality dimensions and organisational culture have been well developed and researched. For years, entrepreneurship research has explored the implications of the entrepreneur’s personality, with the majority of the work focused on the individual’s likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur. This study examines the relationship of the entrepreneurs personality to organizational culture. Four of the Big Five Factor personality attributes, namely, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience and Agreeableness, provide the measures of the entrepreneur’s personality. The competing values model measured the Hierarchical, Market, Adhocracy and Clan organizational cultures. As hypothesised the individual constructs that were found to have strong significant relationships between the personality dimensions and organisational cultures were Conscientiousness and Hierarchical culture; Openness to Experience and Adhocracy culture; and Agreeableness and Clan culture. Extraversion and Market culture were found to have a negative relationship. Influence as a moderator was found to be insignificant. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

A velocidade das informações existentes no mundo atual provocam constantes mudanças, em um ambiente imprevisível. Nesse cenário, argumenta-se que a firma, enquanto agente econômico de produção e transação, para permanecer rentável precisa coordenar os seus recursos no intuito de desenvolver inovações para acompanhar essas mudanças e assimilar a complexidade de um mercado no qual os consumidores estão crescentemente mais informados. Com esta visão, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar o entendimento que se tem da firma e, em especial, identificar as suas duas dimensões essenciais: a empreendedora e a coordenadora. Pesquisa-se em que medida as firmas são mais empreendedoras e/ou coordenadoras, e no quê estas dimensões resultam. Para tanto, esta pesquisa apoia-se no contexto teórico apresentado por Coase, em 1937, em sua obra The Nature of the Firm. A pesquisa foi conduzida pelo método de estudo de casos múltiplos, aplicado em seis firmas de diferentes áreas e, como técnica, foi utilizada a das entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados evidenciam tanto a existência de uma dimensão empreendedora quanto a de uma dimensão coordenadora. A primeira está relacionada com a tomada de decisão quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas alternativas para a obtenção dos recursos; e a segunda, com a tomada de decisão quanto à alocação mais eficiente destes recursos e às transações a serem feitas no mercado. Portanto, estas dimensões são complementares entre si. As firmas são mais empreendedoras ou mais coordenadoras, na medida da tomada de decisões e das capacidades do empreendedor-coordenador em seus setores de atuação. E, neste contexto, pela dinâmica e inovação adotadas, que passam a ser inerentes à mecânica de seu funcionamento, a firma se torna o agente responsável pela maior parte do comportamento do mercado, enquanto uma eficiente alternativa de coordenação da produção. / The current world information speed generates great changes, ocurring into an unpredictable environment. In such a scenary, it can be stated that the firm, considered as an economic agent of production and transactions, in order to remain profitable and competitive, it needs to coordinate its resources aiming to develop innovations both for keeping up with these changes and to assimilate the complexity of a market in which the consumers are increasingly better informed. According to this point of view, the present study aims to achieve a better general comprehension of the firm and, specifically, intends to identify its two essential dimensions: the entrepreneur and the coordinator ones. The research here reported that was focused to what extent the studied firms are more entrepreneur or more coordinator, and what are the results of such dimensions. The present research chief principles are based in the theoretical context brought by Coese, in 1937, in his work The Nature of the Firm. The researching work followed the method of multiple study cases, which was applied in six firms of different areas. The adopted technic was the one of the semistructured interviews. The attained results evidenced both, the entrepreneur dimension as well as the coordinator dimension. The first one of them is related to the decision making process, as considering the development of new alternatives for obtaining the necessary resources; and the second one, to the decision making process on managing the most efficient resources allocation and to the transactions to be made in the market. Therefore, these two dimensions are complementary to one another. The firms are preponderantly entrepreneurs or coordinators, depending on the decision-making and on the professional skills of the entrepreneurcoordinator, in his different operating and acting sectors. Additionally, into this context, and due to the dynamics and innovations adopted, which are inherent to its own functional mechanics, the firm becomes the responsible agent for the most of the market performance, as an efficient tool for coordinating of production.

A velocidade das informações existentes no mundo atual provocam constantes mudanças, em um ambiente imprevisível. Nesse cenário, argumenta-se que a firma, enquanto agente econômico de produção e transação, para permanecer rentável precisa coordenar os seus recursos no intuito de desenvolver inovações para acompanhar essas mudanças e assimilar a complexidade de um mercado no qual os consumidores estão crescentemente mais informados. Com esta visão, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar o entendimento que se tem da firma e, em especial, identificar as suas duas dimensões essenciais: a empreendedora e a coordenadora. Pesquisa-se em que medida as firmas são mais empreendedoras e/ou coordenadoras, e no quê estas dimensões resultam. Para tanto, esta pesquisa apoia-se no contexto teórico apresentado por Coase, em 1937, em sua obra The Nature of the Firm. A pesquisa foi conduzida pelo método de estudo de casos múltiplos, aplicado em seis firmas de diferentes áreas e, como técnica, foi utilizada a das entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados evidenciam tanto a existência de uma dimensão empreendedora quanto a de uma dimensão coordenadora. A primeira está relacionada com a tomada de decisão quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas alternativas para a obtenção dos recursos; e a segunda, com a tomada de decisão quanto à alocação mais eficiente destes recursos e às transações a serem feitas no mercado. Portanto, estas dimensões são complementares entre si. As firmas são mais empreendedoras ou mais coordenadoras, na medida da tomada de decisões e das capacidades do empreendedor-coordenador em seus setores de atuação. E, neste contexto, pela dinâmica e inovação adotadas, que passam a ser inerentes à mecânica de seu funcionamento, a firma se torna o agente responsável pela maior parte do comportamento do mercado, enquanto uma eficiente alternativa de coordenação da produção. / The current world information speed generates great changes, ocurring into an unpredictable environment. In such a scenary, it can be stated that the firm, considered as an economic agent of production and transactions, in order to remain profitable and competitive, it needs to coordinate its resources aiming to develop innovations both for keeping up with these changes and to assimilate the complexity of a market in which the consumers are increasingly better informed. According to this point of view, the present study aims to achieve a better general comprehension of the firm and, specifically, intends to identify its two essential dimensions: the entrepreneur and the coordinator ones. The research here reported that was focused to what extent the studied firms are more entrepreneur or more coordinator, and what are the results of such dimensions. The present research chief principles are based in the theoretical context brought by Coese, in 1937, in his work The Nature of the Firm. The researching work followed the method of multiple study cases, which was applied in six firms of different areas. The adopted technic was the one of the semistructured interviews. The attained results evidenced both, the entrepreneur dimension as well as the coordinator dimension. The first one of them is related to the decision making process, as considering the development of new alternatives for obtaining the necessary resources; and the second one, to the decision making process on managing the most efficient resources allocation and to the transactions to be made in the market. Therefore, these two dimensions are complementary to one another. The firms are preponderantly entrepreneurs or coordinators, depending on the decision-making and on the professional skills of the entrepreneurcoordinator, in his different operating and acting sectors. Additionally, into this context, and due to the dynamics and innovations adopted, which are inherent to its own functional mechanics, the firm becomes the responsible agent for the most of the market performance, as an efficient tool for coordinating of production.

A velocidade das informações existentes no mundo atual provocam constantes mudanças, em um ambiente imprevisível. Nesse cenário, argumenta-se que a firma, enquanto agente econômico de produção e transação, para permanecer rentável precisa coordenar os seus recursos no intuito de desenvolver inovações para acompanhar essas mudanças e assimilar a complexidade de um mercado no qual os consumidores estão crescentemente mais informados. Com esta visão, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar o entendimento que se tem da firma e, em especial, identificar as suas duas dimensões essenciais: a empreendedora e a coordenadora. Pesquisa-se em que medida as firmas são mais empreendedoras e/ou coordenadoras, e no quê estas dimensões resultam. Para tanto, esta pesquisa apoia-se no contexto teórico apresentado por Coase, em 1937, em sua obra The Nature of the Firm. A pesquisa foi conduzida pelo método de estudo de casos múltiplos, aplicado em seis firmas de diferentes áreas e, como técnica, foi utilizada a das entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados evidenciam tanto a existência de uma dimensão empreendedora quanto a de uma dimensão coordenadora. A primeira está relacionada com a tomada de decisão quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas alternativas para a obtenção dos recursos; e a segunda, com a tomada de decisão quanto à alocação mais eficiente destes recursos e às transações a serem feitas no mercado. Portanto, estas dimensões são complementares entre si. As firmas são mais empreendedoras ou mais coordenadoras, na medida da tomada de decisões e das capacidades do empreendedor-coordenador em seus setores de atuação. E, neste contexto, pela dinâmica e inovação adotadas, que passam a ser inerentes à mecânica de seu funcionamento, a firma se torna o agente responsável pela maior parte do comportamento do mercado, enquanto uma eficiente alternativa de coordenação da produção. / The current world information speed generates great changes, ocurring into an unpredictable environment. In such a scenary, it can be stated that the firm, considered as an economic agent of production and transactions, in order to remain profitable and competitive, it needs to coordinate its resources aiming to develop innovations both for keeping up with these changes and to assimilate the complexity of a market in which the consumers are increasingly better informed. According to this point of view, the present study aims to achieve a better general comprehension of the firm and, specifically, intends to identify its two essential dimensions: the entrepreneur and the coordinator ones. The research here reported that was focused to what extent the studied firms are more entrepreneur or more coordinator, and what are the results of such dimensions. The present research chief principles are based in the theoretical context brought by Coese, in 1937, in his work The Nature of the Firm. The researching work followed the method of multiple study cases, which was applied in six firms of different areas. The adopted technic was the one of the semistructured interviews. The attained results evidenced both, the entrepreneur dimension as well as the coordinator dimension. The first one of them is related to the decision making process, as considering the development of new alternatives for obtaining the necessary resources; and the second one, to the decision making process on managing the most efficient resources allocation and to the transactions to be made in the market. Therefore, these two dimensions are complementary to one another. The firms are preponderantly entrepreneurs or coordinators, depending on the decision-making and on the professional skills of the entrepreneurcoordinator, in his different operating and acting sectors. Additionally, into this context, and due to the dynamics and innovations adopted, which are inherent to its own functional mechanics, the firm becomes the responsible agent for the most of the market performance, as an efficient tool for coordinating of production.

<p align="justify">Les Européens (Belges, Grecs et Italiens) du Katanga, dont le nombre s’est considérablement réduit au cours de la période post-coloniale, forment aujourd’hui le groupe le plus puissant de l’économie de la région. Au vu des troubles qui ont marqué l’histoire du Congo depuis l’indépendance, pourquoi sont-ils restés sur place ? Comment ont-ils développé leurs affaires dans une économie sur le déclin, en voie de marginalisation, et dans une structure politique patrimoniale de plus en plus instable ? Et quelle est leur place au sein de la société congolaise ? Telle est la triple question de départ à laquelle tente de répondre cette thèse en abordant de façon successive, au fil des chapitres, leur parcours migratoire, leur insertion dans la société congolaise, la dynamique de leur communauté, leur rôle dans les deux plus gros secteurs de la région, et leurs rapports avec les représentants de l’Etat. Elle prend appui pour ce faire sur une recherche de terrain conduite entre 2003 et 2004.</p> <p align="justify">If the number of Europeans (Belgians, Greeks and Italians) living in Katanga has considerably decreased during the post-colonial period, they represent today the most powerful entrepreneurial group of the local economy. Once considered the troubles they came across since independence, why did they remain in the Congo? How did they develop their business in a declining economy, in process of marginalization, and in a patrimonial political structure, which proves to be more and more unstable? Finally, what is their place and role in Congolese society? These are the three questions this thesis tries to give an answer. Through the chapters, it studies the migration of expatriates in Africa, their relationship with Congolese society, the dynamics of their community, their role in the two most important sectors of Katanga, and the way they interact with the agents of the State. For this purpose, it rests upon a fieldwork research led between 2003 and 2004.</p>