This diploma thesis is based on the fifth round of the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). This study is lead by World Health Organisation and on this study cooperate European countries including the Czech republic. In the Czech republic the study lead by Institute of Endocrinology in collaboration with practical paediatricians since the year 2008. The fifth round of this study took place in the Czech republic in 2019. We collected anthropometric data and characteristic of family and school enviroment from 2289 children 6,5-7,99 years old. Prevalence of underweight according to cut offs of WHO was 2,88% (2,74-3,02), according to National Anthropological Survey (NAS) was 2,27% (1,84- 2,7) and according to International Obesity Task Force was 1,35% (1,13-1,57). Prevalence of underweight was compared with prevalence of underweight in the last rounds of this study and with prevalence of overweight and obesity. Decrease of prevalence of underweight (WHO) in comparsion with last round of COSI study (2016) was significant in boys. We found non- significant increase in underweight prevalence in girls. A mild non-significant decrease of underweight in all children.. Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to cut offs of WHO was 22,24% (22,16-22,32), according to NAS was 18,92%...

The aim of my study was to sum up the data about genetic variability of freshwater gastropods living in temporary ponds. My model species were moss bladder snail (Aplexa hypnorum) and the critically endangered ramshorn snail (Anisus vorticulus). Genetic variability was investigated by two mtDNA and two nuclear markers. The differences in genetic variation at the COI gene follow the pattern of different catchments. However, these findings do not agree with the patterns derived from genetic markers ITS1 and 16S. The reasons for the differences between the different markers are discussed in several ways involving few possible historical scenarios, but also possible errors of laboratory methods. In this study, there was only little success in amplification and the most likely reason is the inhibitory effect of snail mucus on DNA amplification. Another problem that occurred when this work was to obtain the sequence of the parasite (fluke) instead Anisus gene using gastropod specific primers. In addition to genetic and related methodological part of this work is the third part concerning the evaluation of environmental factors periodic pools in the presence and absence of the species studied. The fourth part sis focused on the phylogenetical analyses of the european and american Aplexa linneages. Powered by TCPDF...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A savana (Lavrado) de Roraima ocupa 17% de seu território. Estas áreas apresentam um mosaico de vegetações e uma diversidade pedológica devido aos fatores de formação do solo. As formigas estão presentes praticamente em todos os ambientes terrestres e desempenham inúmeros papéis no ecossistema. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as relações entre as características físicas e químicas do solo com as assembleias de formigas em uma área de savana próxima de Boa Vista, RR, situadas no Campus do Cauamé/UFRR. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas 12 parcelas permanentes do Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio). Foram utilizadas duas técnicas de coleta (iscas e pitfalls), sendo instaladas10 subamostras em cada parcela, separadas 25 m uma da outra, totalizando 120 sub-amostras por método de coleta. Os pitfalls permaneceram em operação por 48 horas e as iscas ficaram expostas por 40 minutos. O material foi coletado e levado ao laboratório para identificação. Os dados químicos e físicos do solo foram obtidos através dos metadados disponíveis no site do PPBio. Adicionalmente foram coletadas as variáveis umidade e resistência a penetração (RP). Os dados das classes de solo foram obtidos de estudos detalhados do campus Cauamé. As assembleias de formigas foram ordenadas com base na presença/ausência dos indivíduos utilizando o escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (NMDS). Para verificar a influencia das variáveis ambientais sobre a distribuição das formigas, foi realizada uma Analise Multivariada da Variância (MANOVA). A similaridade entre as técnicas de coleta foram analisadas com o teste de Mantel. Na área de estudo identificou-se cinco classes de solos, e nestas foram coletadas 8936 formigas distribuídas em 7 subfamílias, 22 gêneros e 49 espécies onde 39 são morfotipos. A espécie Kalathomyrmex emery foi registrada pela primeira vez para o estado de Roraima. Os gêneros mais abundantes ncontrados nas iscas foram Crematogaster (46,3%) e Camponotus (25,5%). A similaridade entre as técnicas pitfall e isca foi baixa (35%), porém o pitfall foi 92% similar as duas técnicas em conjunto. Dentre as variáveis ambientais testadas, verificamos que não houve diferença significativa em relação às classes de solo, umidade e pH com a distribuição das formigas, sendo que a argila foi à única variável que influenciou em sua distribuição. Os pitfalls podem ser o único método de coleta de formigas em áreas de savanas. A maior riqueza de espécies de formigas foi verificada no Latossolo Amarelo. O solo com menor riqueza foi o Gleissolo, porém, foi o que apresentou maior número de espécies exclusivas. / Savanna (Lavrado) of Roraima occupy 17% of its territory. These areas have a mosaic of vegetation and pedological diversity due to factors of soil formation. The ants are present in virtually all terrestrial environments, and playing numerous roles in the ecosystem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationships between the physical and chemical characteristics of soil with ant assemblages in a savanna area near Boa Vista, Roraima (Campus Cauamé/UFRR). The study was conducted in 12 permanent plots of the Biodiversity Research Program (PPBio). We used two techniques (baits and pitfalls), and 10 sub-samples from each plot, 25 m apart from each other, a total of 120 sub-samples using the method of collection. The pitfalls remained in operation for 48 hours and the baits were exposed for 40 minutes. The material was collected and taken to the laboratory for identification. The chemical and physical soils were obtained from the metadata available from the PPBio. Additionally we collected moisture content and resistance to penetration (RP). Data from the soil classes were obtained from detailed studies of Cauamé campus. Ant assemblages were sorted based on the presence / absence of individuals using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). To check the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of ants, we performed a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The similarity between the techniques was analyzed with the Mantel test. In the study area were identified five classes of soil, and these were collected 8,936 ants distributed in 7 subfamilies, 22 genera and 49 species which are 39 morphotypes. The species Kalathomyrmex emery was first recorded for the state of Roraima. The most abundant genera were found in the bait Crematogaster (46.3%) and Camponotus (25.5%). The similarity between the techniques and bait pitfall was low (35%), but the pitfall was 92% similar the two techniques together. Among the environmental variables tested, we found that there was no significant difference in the classes of soil, moisture and pH with the distribution of ants, and the clay was the only variable that influenced the distribution of ants. The pitfalls may be the only method of collecting ants in savanna areas. The highest species richness of ants was found in the Yellow Latosol. And the soil with less wealth was the Gleysol, however, was the soil with the highest number of exclusive species.