Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northern Arizona University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-266).

Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 velosa_ac_dr_araiq_parcial.pdf: 147046 bytes, checksum: ca1e7944fa7f305374a31b7431eaafe8 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-08-22T14:57:13Z: velosa_ac_dr_araiq_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-08-22T15:02:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000710042.pdf: 1214453 bytes, checksum: 9a89f857cd03c2d145ac4fba85171062 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliou-se neste trabalho a degradação oxidativa do contaminante modelo 2,4-D, um herbicida, pelo sistema Fe0/ O2. Para isto foram estudados diversos parâmetros como: concentração de Fe0, variação de pH, concentração de 2,4-D, presença de ligantes, variação de pH na presença de ligantes, efeito da concentração dos ligantes EDTA e DTPA, variação da velocidade de agitação e borbulhamento de ar, efeito do tamanho de partícula de Fe0 e da presença de ânions comumente encontrados em efluentes ou águas subterrâneas contaminadas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a degradação de 2,4-D, na ausência de ligantes, alcança ca. de 50% para concentrações de 1 ou 2% (m/V) de Fe0 em 60 ou 150 minutos, respectivamente, sendo a velocidade de degradação inversa ao aumento da concentração de Fe0 para reações com ajuste de pH inicial em 3. Nas reações com pH ajustado ao longo de todo o período observou-se um aumneto da velocidade de reação com a diminuição do pH. A presença de EDTA e DTPA aumentou a velocidade de degradação de 2,4-D em todos os valores de pH estudados e expandiu a faixa de aplicação do sistema para pHs neutros. O aumento da concentração de EDTA resulta no aumento da velocidade de degradação de 2,4-D. A degradação de EDTA também foi observada durante a reação. A diminuição da velocidade de agitação, assim como a retirada do borbulhamento de ar do sistema, diminuem a velocidade de degradação de 2,4-D. O Fe0 microparticulado apresentou uma cinética de degradação bimodal e bem mais lenta em relação ao nanoparticulado. A presença de cloreto, sulfato, bicarbonato ou hidrogenofosfato não alterou a velocidade de degradação de 2,4-D no sistema com DTPA, entretanto o nitrato exibiu uma leve inibição do processo. Foram avaliados também a reatividade e o tempo de vida de diferentes... / The oxidative degradation of the herbicide 2,4-D promoted by Fe0/O2 system has been evaluated. Several parameters have been studied like: Fe0 and 2,4-D concentrations, pH, effect of different ligands, EDTA and DTPA concentrations, speed rate and air bubbling, Fe0 particle size and presence of anions usually found in wastewater or contaminated groundwater. The results show that, in absence of ligands, 2,4-D degradation reaches up to 50% in 150 minutes for 2% Fe0 and that the degradation rate decreased as the Fe0 concentration increased. In stabilized pH reactions the degradation rate increased as the pH decreased. The presence of EDTA or DTPA enhanced 2,4-D degradation for all pH values evaluated and enlarged the reactive zone to neutral pH. Increasing EDTA concentration resulted in an increase of 2,4-D degradation rate. EDTA degradation is also observed during the reaction. Decreasing speed rate, as well as turning the air bubbling off, resulted in lower 2,4-D degradation. The use of microparticulated Fe0 turned the 2,4-D degradation kinetics in a bimodal process besides slowing it down. Sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate didn’t change 2,4-D degradation rate, however nitrate slightly inhibited the process in presence of DTPA. The reactivity and lifetime of some commercial Fe0 nanoparticles (Nanofer 25, Nanofer 25S and Zloy) were also evaluated for TCE reduction. The TCE reduction by different materials showed that kobs has decreased in synthetic groundwater in comparison to deionized water. The stabilizing polymer shell on the surface of Nanofer 25S protected the metallic iron from water corrosion and prevented the inhibition action of anions on TCE reduction. Zloy showed the highest reduction rate for TCE and for water as well, having a very short lifetime (5 days) in deionized water. However the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Magister Legum - LLM / In order to address the challenge of global environmental degradation and natural resource depletion, a complex and multi-layered environmental governance structure has materialised over the past few decades. There is widespread agreement that the current international environmental regime is too complex and inadequate to effectively address global environmental challenges. Thus, in order to control the threat of environmental degradation, many countries, authors, commentators and academics alike have opined that one centralised body be created for the effective control and governance of environmental matters on an international level. Governance is not the same as government. It includes the actions of the state and, in addition, encompasses actors such as communities, businesses, and Non-Governmental Organisations (hereafter referred to as NGOs). Within the context of the evolution of global environmental politics and policy, the end goal of global environmental governance is to improve the state of the environment and to eventually lead to the broader goal of sustainable development. The efficacy of global environmental governance will ultimately depend on implementation at global and domestic levels. National implementation is the ultimate key, both to the efficacy of the GEG system and to meaningful environmental improvements. In the following composition, I will critically analyse the concept of a Global Environmental Organisation (hereafter referred to as a GEO) and discuss whether the formation of such an establishment is indeed necessary to handle environmental matters on an international scale.

Magister Legum - LLM

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-136).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88). Also available in print.