Epigeic beetle communities were studied on three agroecosystems with different crops grown. All three agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Ceske Budejovice (Lišov). The first eco-agroecosystem was alfalfa field. On the second one was meadow. The third eco-agroecosystem was permanent grassland. The agroekosystems differd not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. For all agroecosystems was for capture of the organisms used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those organisms have been studied. Then was studied the measure of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.

SUMMARY The assemblages of epigeic beetles were studied in various types of agroecosystems in the submontaneous area of Novohradske hory (South Bohemia, Czech republic). The research took place in years 2009 and 2011. There were sown various types of crops, in the target places, on which were established either biobelts (research 2009) or permanent green belts with trees and shrubs (research 2011) in past. The aim of the study was to assess, whether or how these landscape structures influence epigeic beetles. The datas were gathered by sampling ground beetles with ground traps. The collected material was put then through identification and this was the base for assessing the parameters of landscape structures influence on epigeic beetles. These parameters were: the species diversity, the abundance and the ammount of relict species. It was collected 3099 beetles and it was managed to identify 54 species at all. The interest groups of invertebrates were ground beetles/carabids (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The results differed for both groups. The rove beetles were generally more abundant, than ground beetles and most of them were found in crops in the year 2009. The lowest numbers were caught in crops 2011. There was a quite remarkable contrast between these two results. The species diversity of rove beetles was too lower, than the ground beetles? one. The results of biodiversity seemed to be strange so as the abundance was. The diversity was the highest in the crops 2009 and the slowest in the crops 2011. Nearly the same diversity was found in biobelts, which are really different type of habitat. The carabids? abundance was not so oscillating like by the rove beetles. They were the most abundant in biobelts and the less in permanent belts. The abundance in crops in both years was nearly the same. The species diversity was highest in permanent belts and the lowest in crops in the year of 2009. The results about antropic influence on epigeic beetles assemblages, based on ecological characteristics of beetles, were eventually raised. It was established, that all the populations are strongly affected by human. The results say, that habitats like biobelt and permanent belt seem to have a positive impact on epigeic beetles assemblages, namely on relict or rare beetles survival. The results have very disparate and sometimes contradictory nature, thus cannot be sumarized.

The aim of the study was to examine communities of epigeic beetles in the plantations of fast-growing trees (poplar clone Japanese J - 105 (Jap = - 105, Max - 4, Maxvier) and surrounding habitats (Zea mays L.). A cover of Zea mays L. was used as an area for comparison. Sampling was carried out in 2012 by using the method of epigeic beetles in pitfall traps (period from May to September). During the sampling, altogether 1054 specimens and 57 species of epigeic beetles were collected. In the area of fast-growing trees ?Na Vrbovecku? 528 specimens were collected which is many times more than in other researched areas. In the cover of Zea mays L. in the area "Na Vrbovecku" 293 specimens were collected and in the zone of fast-growing trees "U rybníka" 233 specimens were catched; notice the high similarity in the number of collected specimens. At all sites surveyed the expansive species (E) outnumbered the II relics. There were about 70% of expansive species in the cover of Japanese poplar found and in the cover of Zea mays L. there were about 90% of expansive species found. The number of more adaptable species- RII category- found in the cover of Japanese poplar was approximately 30% unlike the number of the same species found inside the Zea mays L. cover was only 12%. The rare species Xantholinus gallicus of the RI category was found in the plantations of fast-growing trees "U rybníka". The index of anthropogenic impact on communities (ISD) was very low in studied plots. In the Zea mays L.cover the index was only 6 points, unlike in the cover of Japanese poplar where the index reached 24 points. Yet all researched areas show high anthropogenic impact. Based on the obtained results (epigeic beetles), it seems that plantations of fast-growing trees have a positive impact on communities of epigeic beetles in cultural landscape. Since the research was always carried out on a farmed landscape, the impact of surrounding landscape on gained results is minimal and insignificant.

Communities of epigeic beetles were studied in 2 wheat fields (food wheat and feed wheat) in the southern part of the Czech Republic. Climatic and soil conditions on both fields were similar. There were differences between fields regarding field management of wheat: amount of artificial fertilizer, amount of pesticide, preceding crop, surrounding landscape. The higher amount of artificial fertilizer (+ 50 kg/ha of nitrate and + 50kg/ha DAM) and the Karben flo stefes fungicide was applied in food wheat. An intensive conventional system of cultivation is used in surrounding landscape. Epigeic beetles were caught by pitfall traps, 24 species, 6 families and 245 individuals were determined. The family Carabidae was dominant on both fields. Higher species diversity was observed in feed wheat, but this difference was imperceptible. Species were divided according to their ecological preference and human impact on communities was assessed. The field of feed wheat was less anthropogenic influenced but the difference was also imperceptible.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T13:45:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:28:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T20:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The fauna invertebrate epigeic, as well as biomass and microbial activity are shown efficient indicator of soil quality, because they have high sensitivity to changes in the environment. The sensitivity of these biological attributes of the soil plays a fundamental role in the assessment of anthropogenic activities, with a tool to monitor soil quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of the soil, using as biomarkers to epigeic invertebrate fauna, biomass and microbial activity in different coffee cultivation systems. The study was conducted in 2015 at a private estate in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot in time, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of three coffee cultivation systems and two witnesses areas: 1) Coffee in consortium with tree and Urochloa cv. decumbens species; 2) Coffee in consortium with Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Coffee in exclusive culture; 4) area with ground fallow and 5) native vegetation fragment. The bioindicators were evaluated in two periods, the first in April and the second in July 2015. To evaluate the epigeica invertebrate fauna were installed in the center of each area five pitfall traps ("pitfall"), totaling 25 traps. The characterization of epigeica invertebrate animals was made based on the taxonomic composition (%); density (number of individuals); richness (number of groups); Shannon diversity index; evenness index of Pielou. The microbial biomass was evaluated by collecting soil samples at depth 0,0 to 0,10 m. The variables evaluated were: microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and soil organic carbon. It was evaluated also the accumulation of litter (t ha-1) and soil moisture (kg kg- 1). The collection dates only influenced epigeic invertebrate fauna. As for the vii coffee cultivation systems and witnesses influenced all biological attributes of soil quality in this study. The native vegetation fragment system shows the more diverse and more complex plant, and favoured the development of biological attributes soil quality (abundance of organisms on frequency of taxonomic groups, microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and microbial quotient), followed by Coffee wooded and Urochloa cv. decumbens, fallow, Coffee intercropped with Urochloa cv. decumbens, Coffee in exclusive culture. / A fauna invertebrada epigéica, assim como a biomassa e a atividade microbiana se mostram eficientes indicadoras de qualidade do solo, por apresentarem alta sensibilidade as alterações no ambiente. A sensibilidade desses atributos biológicos do solo tem papel fundamental na avaliação das atividades antrópicas, sendo uma ferramenta para monitorar a qualidade do solo. Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a qualidade do solo, utilizando como bioindicadores a fauna invertebrada epigéica, a biomassa e, a atividade microbiana em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro. O estudo foi conduzido no ano de 2015 em uma propriedade particular localizada no município de Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e duas áreas testemunhas: 1) Cafeeiro em consórcio com espécies arbóreas e Urochloa cv. decumbens; 2) Cafeeiro em consórcio com Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo; 4) Área com solo em pousio e 5) Fragmento de vegetação nativa. Os bioindicadores foram avaliados em duas épocas, sendo a primeira no mês de abril e a segunda no mês de julho de 2015. Para avaliação da fauna invertebrada epigeica, foram instaladas no centro de cada área cinco armadilhas de queda (“pitfall”), totalizando 25 armadilhas. A caracterização da fauna invertebrada epigeica foi realizada com base na composição taxonômica (%); densidade (nº de indivíduos); riqueza (nº de grupos); índice de diversidade de Shannon; índice de equabilidade de Pielou. A biomassa microbiana foi avaliada coletando-se amostras de solo na profundidade 0,0 - 0,10 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal, quociente metabólico, quociente microbiano e o carbono orgânico do solo. Foi avaliado também, o acúmulo de serrapilheira (t ha-1) e a umidade do solo (kg kg-1). As épocas de coleta influenciaram somente a fauna invertebrada epigéica. Já os sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e as testemunhas influenciaram todos os atributos biológicos da qualidade do solo avaliados neste estudo. O sistema Fragmento de vegetação nativa se mostra o mais diversificado e de maior complexidade vegetal, e favoreceu o desenvolvimento dos atributos biológicos de qualidade solo (abundância de organismos, frequência relativa dos grupos taxonômicos, carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente microbiano), seguidos por Café arborizado e Urochloa cv. decumbens, Pousio, Cafeeiro consorciado com Urochloa cv. decumbens e Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo.

The effect of tourism and different landscape management on beetle communities using pitfall trapping in the Šumava mountain area (National Park and Protected Landscape Area) was studied. The pitfall traps were arranged on left side plots of the Lipno dam with a different man-made pressure. The beetle communities of parking lots, dam shores and bushes were studied. The lowest number of species discovered by pitfall trapping was on plots strongly affected by man (parking lot). The highest number of species was found on plots of dam shores in consequence of ecoton effect. The community structure of the parking lots and dam shores was formed in 60 per cent by eurytopic species. Stenotopic species were dominant only on habitat of bushes. A regular and intensive management in the dam shores and the parking lots (mowing, herbicide application, fragmentation ) was the main factor affecting the epigeic beetle communities.

SUMMARY Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two water catchments with the different management in the submontaneous area of Bohemian Forest (South Bohemia, Czechia). The Mlýnský stream catchment was characteristic by high representation of unforested habitats (pastures and mowed meadows), Horský stream by higher proportion of forested habitats and non equal management (plots without management, mowed meadows). The microclimatic characteristics (average temperature, average humidity, average wind speed, average radiation) were measured. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Beetles species were divided into two groups after its preferences to humidity: hygrophilous species and mesophilous species. The degree of human impact was studied by finding of frequency of species of different ecological groups. 57 species was found in the Mlýnský stream and 33 in the Horský stream. The activity of beetles was about five times higher in Mlýnský stream (511 individuals captured) than in the Horský stream (114 indivuduals found). Ubiquitous species prevail in Mlýnský stream and adaptive species in the Horský stream. Stenotopic species were found in the Mlýnský stream only. These results indicate less human impact in Horský stream than in the Mlýnský stream. Frequency of beetle species with the different requirement on the humidity in communites on studied plots indicates the dominance of mesophilous species in Mlýnský stream in comparison with Horský stream. Frequency of hygrophilous species was about three times higher in Horský stream than in Mlýnský stream. The intensity of management affected the beetle structure mainly on the less forested plot of Mlýnský stream. The structure of communites on plots with more intensive management differs from communities on plots with low management. Hygrophilous species prevail on plots with low management of the Mlýnský stream. The effect of management intensity is not documented in Horský stream with the greater proportion of trees.

Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two water catchments with the different management in the submontaneous area of Bohemian Forest (South Bohemia, Czechia). The Mlýnský stream catchment was characteristic by high representation of unforested habitats (pastures and mowed meadows), Horský stream by higher proportion of forested habitats and non equal management (plots without management). The biomass characteristics (above ground and dry) were measured on studied plots. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Beetle species were divided into two groups after its preferences to shaded: species occurring in unshaded habitats and species occurring in shaded habitats. The degree of human impact was studied by finding of frequency of species of different ecological groups. The above ground biomass was about 2 time higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. The dry biomass was practically the same. 57 species was found in the Mlýnský stream and 33 in the Horský stream. The activity of beetles was about five times higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. Ubiquitous species prevail in Mlýnský stream and adaptive species in the Horský stream. Stenotopic species were found in the Mlýnský stream only. These results indicate less human impact in Horský stream than in the Mlýnský stream. Beetles prefering unsheded habitats slightly prevail in Mlýnský stream in comparison with Horský stream. Beetle species characteristical for shaded habitats occur in Horský stream in comparison with Mlýnský stream. The geographical exposition affected the beetle structure mainly in the less forested plot of Mlýnský stream. The structure of communites situated to the south differs from communities situated to the north in Mlýnský stream. The effect of exposition is not documented in Horský stream with the greater proportion of forested size.

The species diversity, aktivity, equitability and human impact were studied using epigeic beetle communities on transect whest field field trip and alfaalfa field. The materiál was collected by pitfall traps during the period Juni-September 20016 in cadastr of the town Písek in the Southern Bohemia. 38 species and 567 individuals were kept together. Activita of beetles differs in studied plots. The highest aktivity was found on fields and the lowest in field trip. Index of human impact was very similar on studied plots wheat 2,5, field trip 12, rape 0). I tis clear that alll studied are strongly impacted by human acticity. The frequency of relic species were (Dragons and Ground beetles) 20% only on all studied plots 80,00%. The adaptible species absent on field cultures and was found on field trip only. 6 species of adaptible (stenotopic) species were found on field trip only, but their aktivity were very low. The equitability of communities in filed plots was very low (2,331 2,474). The highest equitabilty was found on field trip (3,04). The ordination of commuties indicate the close similarity. The species diversaity is very similar in all communities on studied plots. We recommend the change of sowing management and the lower agrotechnic interference in studied locality. We recommend to enhance the plots of biocorridors and biocenters. The stuided field trip plays a role for the increse of the biodiversity of epigeic beetles, which are important for the reduction of pest organisms in agricultural landscape.

The theme of this thesis was the influence of the construction of ring road Klatovy and adjacent communities on the landscape and biodiversity (fauna and flora). Road bypass Klatovy best solution would be to reduce noise and emission limits for residents of the city center and surrounding villages. The work was described and compared to the previous (1997) and the current status of the territories. The bypass was assessed in terms of impact on landscape and biodiversity based on the evaluation of environmental impact, not only in my own observation, but also according to the results that emerged from the EIA process. Structure was evaluated invertebrate communities epigeických to pass the planned route in all its variants. In the section I and II. bypass was in the process of EIA (1997) and my own observations assessed and evaluated only one option which was selected in the previous period as the most suitable. In section III. bypass has been assessed and evaluated five options V1 - V5. The EIA process has been selected as the most suitable variant V4, both in terms of impact on landscape, biodiversity, and on the population. The suitability of the V4 variant was also confirmed by my own observations. After their evaluation, I concluded that the bypass, although this variant cross turfy stream, but the forest reaches a minimum. The route passes through predominantly agricultural landscape management, which is already burdened in this area the existence of bike paths and rail corridors.