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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Vaccination Potential Of Adenoviral Vectors Displaying Heterologous Epitopes In Their Capsid Proteins / Potentiel vaccinal d'adénovirus porteurs d'épitopes hétérologues insérés dans les protéines de capside

Anchim, Aleksandra 29 March 2016 (has links)
Mes travaux de thèse ont pour but d’évaluer l’approche « épitope display » pour sa capacité d'induire les réponses cellulaires. Ad à capside modifiée par insertion de différents épitopes T issus de la ovalbumine ont étés produit. Après administration à des souris C57BL/6, j'ai mis en évidence l'induction de la réponse cellulaire dirigée contre les épitope insérés (grâce aux techniques ELISPOT, tétramères, ou bien en quantifiant la production d’IFNg par les splénocytes restimulés in vitro). J’ai démontré que ces réponses sont limités chez des souris préalablement immunisées avec Ad. Des manipulations en course ont pour but de confirmer ces résultats et d'évaluer la cinétique de ces réponses. Mon 2ème objectif est de comprendre les paramètres qui contrôlent l’immunogénicité des Ad présentant des épitopes. Ainsi, j’ai montré que l’ablation des interactions des Ad porteurs d’un épitope issu de l’ovalbumine avec les récepteurs/facteurs (intégrines, facteur X de la coagulation) impliqués dans l’entrée de l’Ad dans les cellules ne modifiait pas leur capacité à induire une réponse humorale contre l’ovalbumine. Ces résultats suggèrent que le processus d’infection virale n’est pas requis pour l’induction d’une réponse humorale par les Ad porteurs d’épitopes. / Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) have recently been employed for a wide range of vaccination strategies. Unfortunately, highly prevalent pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (Abs), reduce their ability to trigger transgene expression. To avoid the step of gene transfer a new vaccination strategy has been proposed based on the use of Ad displaying epitopes inserted into their capsid proteins. Using an ovalbumin-derived B cell epitope, our group demonstrated that vaccination efficiency depends on both the site of peptide insertion and the host immune status towards Ad (Lanzi et al; 2011). The present work aims at (1) evaluating the potency of Ad displaying T-cell epitopes from ovalbumin to elicit cellular responses and (2) understanding the molecular bases controlling the efficacy of this vaccination strategy. 1) Ad displaying T-cell epitopes from ovalbumin were constructed, produced and characterized in vitro. First in vivo experiments in naive mice showed induction of cellular responses, assessed with techniques like ELISPOT, tetramer staining and in vitro splenocyte restimulation. Subsequent experiments showed that pre-exisitng anti-vector immunity is hampering the potent induction of anti-epitope cellular responses. Current work is aiming at confirming the obtained results as well as at evaluating the kinetics of cellular responses induced upon "epitope display" vaccination. 2)First, the influence of interactions of Ad (displaying OVA peptide) with their natural receptors was investigated. Different detargeted Ads were produced and characterized in vitro. Upon mice immunization these vectors led to unmodified anti-epitope humoral responses, suggesting that their efficacy does not depend on the ability to transduce cells. In parallel we sought to evaluate the impact of innate immunity on the outcome of anti-epitope adaptive immune responses. Upon immunization of WT and MyD88-/- mice with Ad displaying OVA epitope we observed that cellular responses induced in MyD88-/- mice are significantly diminished while humoral responses were not altered. These results remain to be confirmed but question the role of other innate immunity sensors in the immunogenicity of Ad-based vaccines. Altogether, our work is expected to provide the foundations for the development of Ad-based vaccines with minimized side effects and unaltered adjuvant properties.

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