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Efeitos Gastrointestinais e Sist?micos em Eq?inos Submetidos a Sobrecarga Diet?tica com Amido. / Gastrointestinal and Systemic Effects in Horses subject to Overload Carbohydrate.Santos, Tiago Marques dos 26 February 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aimed to evaluate gastrointestinal and systemic disturbances, and mucosa and gut
contents of gastrointestinal tract of horses subjected to overload carbohydrate. Eight
crossbreed mature horses were used with body weight (BW) average of 364kg, geldings,
adapted to diet composed by grass hay and concentrate, in a 60:40 proportion. A complete
randomized design was used with horses allocated in three treatments. Treatment I: (Control)
(n=2) horses were slaughtered without overload carbohydrate; Treatment II (n=3) and III
(n=3), horses subjected to overload carbohydrate, with gastric infusion of 17.6 g starch/kg
BW, and slaughtered after 24 and 36 hours, respectively. Horses were subjected to clinical,
hematological and fecal evaluations before the overload and 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and
36 hours after overload. Four hours after overload horses became depressed and keeping until
the end of evaluation, and one horse presented lameness 36 hours after overload. Any
difference (P>0.05) were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and hoof
temperature. Increase in packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration were observed
24 hours after overload, varying from 26.7 to 32.0% and 7.1 to 8.1 g/dL, respectively
(P<0.05). Differences were observed (P<0.05) in plasmatic lactate concentration in zero, 20
and 28 hours after overload, with values of 0.7, 1.04 and 1.22 mmol/L, respectively. Plasma
endotoxin concentration didn't cross 0.1000 EU/mL and may be not present. There were any
difference (P>0.05) in fecal and digesta water content, however, fecal pH reduced along 36
hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Content of large intestine in horses
subjected to overload presented whitish-green color, milk aspect, with gas bubbles and acid
odor. There weren t difference (P>0.05) in water content of feces and digesta, however, fecal
pH reduced along 36 hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Buffering
capacity of ceco-colon digesta and feces were reduced in horses subjected to overload. Right
dorsal colon, transverse colon and descendent colon were segments, except stomach, that
presented lower pH values, varying from 4.49 to 4.56. Eosinophils infiltration were presented
in mucosa and submucosa of all horses, however, only horses submitted to overload presented
neutrophils and eosinophils leucocitoestase with neutrophils predominance restricted to large
intestine. Tract gastrointestinal circulatory alterations observed were congestion, edema and
lymphatic vessels dilatation, more evident in submucosa, with larger inflammatory cells
infiltration in horses subjected to overload. Intestinal mucosa 36 hours after overload
presented larger degree of imunorreactivity anti-myeloperoxidase, followed by horses
evaluated at 24 hours after overload and control horses, varying from 2.7 to 4.0, 1.0 to 3.7 and
1.0 to 2.5, respectively. Overload carbohydrate in horses promoted intensive fermentation in
ceco-colon, predisposing clinical disturbances, digesta alterations and mucosa and submucosa
lesions at gastrointestinal tract of horses with light to moderate degree,36 hours after
overload. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as altera??es sist?micas, da mucosa e conte?do do
trato gastrointestinal de eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga diet?tica com amido. Foram
utilizados oito eq?inos adultos castrados, com peso vivo m?dio de 364 kg, adaptados a dieta
composta por feno de Coastcross e concentrado, na propor??o de 60:40. Foi utilizado um
delineamento experimental com tr?s tratamentos: Tratamento I (Controle) (n=2), eutan?sia
dos animais sem sobrecarga com amido; Tratamentos II (n=3) e III (n=3), animais submetidos
? sobrecarga com amido, com infus?o g?strica de 17,6 g amido/kg de peso corporal e
eutan?sia ap?s 24 e 36 horas, respectivamente. Os eq?inos foram submetidos a avalia??es
cl?nicas, hematol?gicas e f?sico-qu?micas das fezes antes da sobrecarga e 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24, 28, 32 e 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. Os animais apresentaram-se ap?ticos quatro horas ap?s
a sobrecarga permanecendo assim at? o final da avalia??o e apenas um animal apresentou
claudica??o, 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) na freq??ncia card?aca,
freq??ncia respirat?ria, temperatura corporal e temperatura dos cascos. Houve aumento
(P<0,05) no volume globular e prote?na plasm?tica total, 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga, variando
de 26,7 a 32,0% e de 7,1 e 8,1 g/dL, respectivamente. Houve diferen?a (P<0,05) na
concentra??o plasm?tica de lactato no tempo zero, 20 e 28 horas p?s-sobrecarga, com valores
de 0,7, 1,04 e 1,22 mmol/L, respectivamente. A concentra??o plasm?tica de endotoxinas n?o
ultrapassou 0,1000 EU/mL, podendo estar at? mesmo ausente. O conte?do do intestino grosso
nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga apresentou cor verde esbranqui?ada, aspecto leitoso,
com bolhas de g?s e odor ?cido. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) no teor de ?gua das fezes e do
conte?do da digesta, no entanto, o pH fecal reduziu ao longo de 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga
(P<0,01), variando de 6,09 a 4,46. Houve redu??o na capacidade de tamponamento das fezes
nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga e, de forma similar, ocorreu no conte?do do ceco-c?lon.
O c?lon dorsal direito, c?lon transverso e c?lon descendente foram os segmentos, com
exce??o do est?mago, que apresentaram a digesta com menores valores de pH, variando de
4,49 a 4,56. ? histopatologia, a infiltra??o de eosin?filos esteve presente na mucosa e
submucosa de todos os eq?inos, no entanto, somente em dois eq?inos submetidos ?
sobrecarga, observou-se leucocitoestase de neutr?filos e eosin?filos, com predomin?ncia de
neutr?filos no intestino grosso. As altera??es circulat?rias observadas no trato gastrointestinal
foram congest?o, edema e dilata??o de vasos linf?ticos, sendo mais evidentes na submucosa,
local de maior infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga. A
mucosa dos segmentos do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos eutanasiados 36 horas p?ssobrecarga
apresentou maior grau de imunorreatividade anti-mieloperoxidase, seguido dos
eq?inos avaliados 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga e dos eq?inos do tratamento controle, variando de
2,7 a 4,0, 1,0 a 3,7 e 1,0 a 2,5, respectivamente. A sobrecarga diet?tica com amido em eq?inos
promove fermenta??o intensa no ceco-c?lon, predispondo ao aparecimento de dist?rbios
cl?nicos, altera??es do conte?do da digesta e les?es de leve a moderada na mucosa e
submucosa do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos, ap?s 36 horas da sobrecarga.
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Aspectos cl?nicos, laboratoriais e epidemiol?gicos da infec??o natural por Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) em eq?inos da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras / Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological aspects of naturally acquired Babesia equi infection (Laveran, 1901) in equines from the Academia Militar das Agulhas NegrasHenriques, Marcelo de Oliveira 25 October 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-25 / This study was conducted with the purpose to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and
epidemiological aspects of naturally acquired Babesia equi infection in 178 horses handled in a
semi-intensive system, property of the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Brazilian Army,
situated in the city of Resende, in the Rio de Janeiro State. Babesia equi is a species of
hemoparasite of elevated prevalence among equids in tropical regions, being hard to control,
causing important economic losses because of the long periods of convalescence, decline of
performance in the affected animals, expenses with medication and workers, besides the
restrictions in transit of equines, either for hippic competitions or international commerce. In the
Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction, a prevalence of 85,96% (n=153) was verified, therefore
the area can be considered endemic for Babesia equi and in enzootic stability. There was no
significant difference in the age or sex of the seropositive animals. Laboratory parameters like
packed cell volume, red blood cell count, platelet count, global and differential white blood cell
counts, dosages of seric creatinine, albumin and total plasmatic proteins, all of which led to the
conclusion that in the assymptomatic carrier state there is no hematologic or seric biochemical
variations that could be attributed to the protozoal Babesia equi. / Este estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de avaliar achados cl?nicos, laboratoriais e
epidemiol?gicos na infec??o natural de Babesia equi em 178 eq?inos mantidos em sistema semiintensivo
de cria??o, de propriedade da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Ex?rcito
Brasileiro, situada no munic?pio de Resende, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Babesia equi ? uma
esp?cie de hemoparasita de elevada preval?ncia entre eq??deos de ?reas tropicais, sendo de dif?cil
controle, causando perdas econ?micas importantes, pelos longos per?odos de convalescen?a,
queda de desempenho nos animais acometidos, gastos com medicamentos e m?o de obra, al?m de
impor restri??es no tr?nsito de eq?inos, seja para competi??es h?picas ou com?rcio internacional.
Na Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta, foi verificada uma preval?ncia de 85,96% (n=153),
podendo ser a ?rea considerada end?mica para Babesia equi e em estabilidade enzo?tica, n?o
sendo observadas diferen?as significativas entre sexo e idade dos animais. Par?metros
laboratoriais como volume globular, hematimetria, plaquetometria, leucometrias global e
espec?fica, dosagens de creatinina s?rica, albumina e prote?nas plasm?ticas totais foram
conduzidos, podendo-se concluir que no estado de portador assintom?tico n?o h? varia??o
hematol?gica ou de bioqu?mica s?rica que possa ser creditada ao protozo?rio Babesia equi.
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Apoptose de c?lulas epidermais lamelares em eq?inos com laminite induzida e tratados com anti-inflamat?rios n?o esteroidais. / Epidermal lamellae cells apoptosis on induced laminitic horses treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatoriesGon?alves, Carlos Alexandre Paula 21 August 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-21 / The goal of this study was identify whether the number of apoptotic cells in horse s lamellar tissues after carbohydrate overload-induced of laminitis were affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The TUNEL assay and morphological cells changes were used to identify cells that were dying by apoptosis. There was no significant difference between groups. The apoptotic rate was not affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatories used after developmental phase of laminitis. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se a administra??o de anti-inflamat?rios n?o esteroidais influenciava no ?ndice apopt?tico de c?lulas epiteliais do tecido lamelar de cavalos com laminite induzida por administra??o de amido. O tecido lamelar foi coletado por bi?psia, fixado e corado pela t?cnica de TUNEL, utilizando-se igualmente a morfologia celular para identifica??o das c?lulas que estivessem em diferentes est?gios de morte por apoptose. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no ?ndice apopt?tico entre os diferentes grupos. Os antiinflamat?rios empregados aplicados na fase de desenvolvimento da laminite n?o influenciaram significativamente os ?ndices apopt?ticos.
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Diagn?stico da Anemia Infecciosa Eq?ina: an?lise comparativa de sistemas comerciais de diagn?stico por imunodifus?oSilva, Antonia Regina Sessa da 30 March 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / Brazil has currently the second bigger flock of equines of the world and the brazilian
equines breeding plays an important role in the development of the sector of
agribusiness. Among the infectious disease that affect the national equines breeding, the
Equine infectious anemia (EIAV) has been shown of difficult control. The Equine
infectious anemia is caused by a retrovirus, it has a worldwide distribution, and it is
recognized as the most important disease of equines. The most common clinical signals
in the acute phase, are anemia followed of jaundice in the mucosae, ventral oedema,
mioglobinury, caquexy and, mainly, intermittent fever. Once it has no treatment,
Ministry of Agriculture, Cattle and Supplying determines, through legal mechanisms, a
politics of obligatory examination in credentialed laboratories, for the transport and
commercialization of equines in the country. The examination is based on the test of
Coggins, an immunodiffusion in agar gel (IDGA) of the serum of the animal tested
against antigen of the EIAV. As the infection is lifetime, positive animals are
euthanasiated by Veterinarians of the Ministry of Agriculture. Considering that
precision of the results is critical, once that false positives animals could uselessly be
sacrificed, and false negatives will be preserved as infection source, diverse problems
may occur, appeared the interest of a systematic analysis of the reproducibility of kits
and on possible sources of error. For this purpose, positive and negative sera, referred
by the repetition of the tests for Coggins and ELISA, had been evaluated by IDGA
comparatively with three kits of different manufacturers. In the experiments of
reproducibility, it observed a great distinction in the quality of the precipitation line
promoted for the positive sera in the tests. This phenomenon may be justified by the use
of the conditions techniques legal, determined for would carry of the Ministry of
Agriculture that is distinct of the recommendation of the analyzed manufacturers of two
of kits. Exactly thus, the evaluation of the reproducibility of the results of kits with the
referred sera showed high correlation. / O Brasil possui atualmente o segundo maior rebanho de eq??deos do mundo e a
Eq?ideocultura Brasileira desempenha um importante papel no desenvolvimento do
setor de agroneg?cios. Entre as doen?as infecciosas que afetam a eq?inocultura
nacional, a Anemia Infecciosa dos Eq?inos (AIE) tem se mostrado de dif?cil controle. A
AIE ? causada por um retrov?rus, apresenta uma distribui??o mundial, e ? reconhecida
como a mais importante doen?a dos eq?inos. Entre os sinais cl?nicos mais comuns, na
fase aguda da doen?a, encontram-se a anemia seguida de icter?cia nas mucosas, edema
ventral, mioglobin?ria, caquexia e, principalmente, febre intermitente. Como n?o h?
tratamento, Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e Abastecimento (MAPA) determina,
atrav?s de mecanismo legais, uma pol?tica de exame obrigat?rio em laborat?rios
credenciados, para o transporte e comercializa??o de eq??deos no Pa?s. O exame ?
baseado na prova de Coggins, uma imunodifus?o em ?gar gel do soro do animal testado
contra ant?geno do v?rus da AIE. Como a infec??o ? vital?cia, animais soropositivos s?o
eutanasiados por M?dicos Veterin?rios do MAPA. Considerando que a precis?o dos
resultados ? cr?tica, posto que animais falso positivos podem ser sacrificados
inutilmente, e falso negativos preservados como fonte de infec??o, surgiu o interesse de
um an?lise sistem?tica da reprodutibilidade dos kits e poss?veis fontes de erro no
diagn?stico. Para esta finalidade, soros positivos e negativos, referenciados pela
repeti??o dos testes de Coggins e ELISA, foram avaliados pela prova de IDGA,
comparativamente com tr?s kits de diferentes fabricantes. Nos experimentos de
reprodutibilidade, observou-se uma grande distin??o na qualidade da linha de
precipita??o promovida pelos soros positivos nos testes nos diferentes kits. Este
fen?meno pode ser justificado pela utiliza??o das condi??es t?cnicas legais,
determinadas por portaria do MAPA, que s?o distintas das recomenda??es dos
fabricantes de dois dos kits analisados. Mesmo assim, a avalia??o da reprodutibilidade
dos resultados dos kits com os soros referenciados mostrou elevada correla??o.
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