The Republic of China¡¦s Legislative Yuan approved International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Enforcement Act of the two international human right covenants on March 31 th , 2009. The President promulgated the Enforcement Act of the two international human right covenants on April 22 th , 2009, and ratified the two international human right covenants on May 14th, 2009. Subsequently, the President ordered the Executive branch to promptly formulate a complete set of relevant legislative framework to domesticate the two international human right covenants. Such move symbolizes that the government has taken a significant step forward on the human right issues. Presently, the government should comprehensively review all the laws, regulations, administrative ordinances, and administrative measures for the protection and deepening of human rights especially after the ratification of the two international human right covenants. Under the contemporary trend of embracing human rights, democratic states have incorporated alien into their national fundamental rights protection system. Within the scope of protection, aliens enjoy the same fundamental human rights as that of the country¡¦s nationals, and are equally protected under the constitution. However, aliens are different from nationals in certain regards. Therefore, on the issues of the suffrage, social welfare, and economic human rights, discrimination toward aliens are permissible under the two international human right covenants and the constitutions of each state. However, according to constitutional equal protection theory, discrimination on aliens could not be premised on prejudice, unless there is a legitimate purpose and reasonably distinguishable criteria. Under international human rights development in the 20th century, international norms likewise influence the rights enjoyed by aliens and the treatments to alien in a state, in addition to limits stipulated by constitution and the laws of the state. The research purpose of this thesis is to discuss if the rights enjoyed by aliens and the treatment of aliens in our state conform with the two international human right covenants and consistent with the equal protection principle under the ROC constitution. In addition to the category of alien, there is a distinct set of laws and regulations that apply to people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau in Republic of China (Taiwan). To appreciate a macro picture, the scope of the article will include aliens, people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau, and identify the legal status of each category of people in Republic of China (Taiwan). Based on the aforementioned research purpose, the thesis will firstly introduce the contents of the two international human right covenants and the constitutions of each state in order to understand the fundamental human rights that aliens enjoy. The thesis will also illustrate the discriminations permitted by the constitution of each state and the two international human right covenants, and refer to the legislative and judicial practice of each state, to analyze and identify reasonable discrimination criteria and judicial review standards for aliens in each state. Based upon the above criteria, the article will proceed to survey and discuss the relevant applicable regulations to aliens, people from the Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau in Republic of China (Taiwan), and also review the multi-track legislative model. I will explore the existing norms and describe their inconsistencies with the two international human right covenants or their violations of the equal protection principle under the Constitution, and make recommendations for the legislators to amend the relevant legislations accordingly.

「資料採礦」(Data Mining)為一種結合統計分析、資訊工程和各領域間專業知識的一種新興分析技術，例如：產業界的市場分析，金融界的財務分析，保險業的風險管理，生物科技界的疾病分析以及政府的人口統計，在各行各業使用資料採礦技術的人員日益增加。然而，正因資料採礦屬於新興發展的領域，仍有不少事項尚待開發，例如：不同型態的資料如何處理。本文即探討兩種不同型態的資料：資料量多、變數少以及資料量少、變數多兩種，以監督學習(Supervised Learning)和分類(Classification)的概念，分別對觀察值較多的2000年台灣地區戶口普查資料探討影響女性戶長的因素，而對變數較多的攝謢腺癌資料詮釋血清的病症類型，研究不同的類型資料可能的處理步驟。 本文主要的結論為：1.當資料量多時，引入抽樣的概念，資料採礦可利用抽樣將資料量縮減，減少處理時間，並且抽樣資料和全部資料在分類錯誤率的差異頗為相近，因此抽樣為一種可行的處理方式。以研究女性戶長為例，資料量最少的東部資料為抽樣代表，在不失分類準確性的前提下，抽樣3%資料的分析結果與使用整體資料的結果相差不多，達到合乎經濟效應。2.當資料量少時，引入變數縮減的想法，使用敘述性統計量和不均度的17個指標統計量，能替代全部變數進行分析，運用羅吉斯迴歸方法，分類錯誤率的結果在可接受範圍內，並且解決在傳統分析上自由度不夠的問題。以研究攝護腺癌症為例，在不損失太多分類正確性的原則下，將血清透過質譜儀所反映的強度，透過變數縮減的技巧提高分析效率；另外，縮減變數後自由度充足，傳統的統計方法可運用在攝護腺癌的資料上，使分析的工具有較廣泛的選擇。