I chose the topic "euthanasia" because of its actuality, obscurity and complexity. There are many definitions, opinions, suggestions etc. concerning euthanasia. The main task of this work is explanation of the meaning of the term "euthanasia". In the theoretical part the work deals with the definition and forms of euthanasia. If possibilities of medical cure is exhausted, there are also lenitive and hospice care. That's why I deal with these topics too in my work. In the historical part of the work I study history of the problem: especially in Antiquity, in the Modernity, and in the time of Nazi Regime in Germany. In this context I considered the modern ethical theory -- utilitarianism and its main proponents. Very interesting and important question is the relationship of religion to the problem of euthanasia. That's why I studied some document of the Catholic Church concerning euthanasia. It is not possible to omit arguments of both defenders of euthanasia and its opponents. Very important chapter is legislation -- in Czech Republic and in some countries in Europe, where some experiences with euthanasia exist. The final part of the work is the discussion to the topic and especially one particular case.