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This dissertation explores the ways in which ethnic boundaries are constructed and reconstructed as expressions of identity, solidarity, and mobilization. In particular, this project documents and attempts to explain the development of panethnicity---solidarity among culturally and linguistically diverse national origin groups---in order to understand the strength of structural conditions in the formation of an ethnic group and to shed light on boundary formation processes. Moving toward the construction of a general theory of panethnicity, I extend competition theory and cultural division of labor theory to make new predictions about when panethnic behavior will increase among Asian Americans from 1970 to the present. I test these new predictions about the structural conditions under which identity, solidarity, and mobilization will emerge using three dependent variables: intermarriage, organizational formation, and collective action. I constructed several data sets documenting patterns of panethnic group formation from census data, government documents, Encyclopedia of Associations, and national newspapers. Using event history, pooled time series, and logistic regression analyses, I find support for the hypothesized relationship between occupational segregation and panethnic behavior which indicates that the mechanisms of dependence and control, rather than competition, are more important for understanding the emergence of panethnic identity, solidarity, and mobilization.

This study analyzes the claims-making and counter-claims-making on citizenship and faith by American and Canadian Muslim political actors over the 2001-2008 period. It highlights the interactive processes by which competing discourses on citizenship and faith are negotiated to produce divergent constructions of Muslim citizenship: mainstream, liberal, secular, and progressive. Utilizing insights from theories of citizenship, collective identity and social movements, I show how divergent collective identities are produced within the same categorical group through complex interactions between: a) ideological baggage and biographies of claims-makers; b) demographic patterns of communities; c) historical tensions in the traditions and identities that are being negotiated; and d) the actual political constellations, both proximate and durable, in which such claims and counter-claims are being made. Moreover, such contests about collective identity, citizenship and faith are not only relevant for the group (American Muslim or Canadian Muslim), but also help highlight the inclusions, exclusions and blindspots in national narratives about belonging and hierarchies of obligations and how these are challenged. / Cette recherche analyse les revendications et les contre-revendications liées à la citoyenneté et à la foi faites par les acteurs politiques musulmans américains et canadiens durant la période 2001-2008. Elle met en évidence les processus interactifs par lesquels des discours en concurrence sur la citoyenneté et sur la foi sont négociés et aboutissent à des constructions divergentes de la citoyenneté musulmane, ces constructions étant de type dominant, libéral, laïque ou progressiste. En utilisant des concepts des théories sur la citoyenneté, sur l'identité collective et sur les mouvements sociaux, la recherche explique comment des identités collectives divergentes sont produites au sein d'un même groupe à travers des interactions complexes entre : a) le bagage idéologique et les biographies des revendicateurs; b) les structures démographiques des communautés; c) les tensions historiques par rapport aux traditions et aux identités qui sont négociées; et d) les constellations politiques actuelles et préalables aux revendications et contre-revendications. De plus, ces contestations concernant l'identité collective, de la citoyenneté et de la foi ne sont pas seulement pertinentes pour le groupe étudié (les musulmans canadiens ou américains), mais elles contribuent aussi à mettre en relief les éléments qui sont inclus, exclus et omis dans les discours nationaux sur l'appartenance des citoyens et sur les hiérarchies dans les obligations, ainsi que la façon dont ces discours sont remis en question.