This thesis describes what people at the grassroots levels of the different tribal areas of Uganda think about the issue of federalism. It presents the findings from conversations with selected samples of ordinary people in ten different tribal areas of the country, that ethnic federalism, a recognition of Uganda's indigenous peoples and their indigenous systems of governance, is seen as one possible way of restoring and guaranteeing accountability in national politics. This is against the background of a post-independence history of undemocratic rule, instability, and deteriorating levels of social inequality along ethnic and political lines. / 博士(グローバル社会研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Global Society Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University