Two apricot varieties that were harvested at the beginning of climacteric phases were evaluated. The apricot varieties used were harvested on the plot of the Horticultural faculty in Lednice. This is a variety of Leskora harvested on 22 June 2016 and Betinka variety harvested on 1. 7. 2016. The fruits were stored at 1°C, 5°C and 20°C for 9 days. Mass losses, soluble suspensions, titration acids and penetrometric strength were assessed after each three days of storage, and physiological parameters were assessed by ethylene production and breathing intensity (CO2 production).

This diploma thesis on the topic of "Evaluation of apricot varieties during ripening on the tree" describes in the theoretical part the characteristics of apricots, significant material components of apricots fruits and methods of their determination, as well as the ripening of apricots and changes of storage substances during ripening and storage. The diploma thesis deals with the changes in the material composition during ripening on the tree and storing for 4 and 8 days at 20 °C in three stages of ripeness (unripened, ripe, overripe). In the practical part two varieties of apricots were monitored ('Leskora', 'Goldrich'). The source of the fruits varieties was the school orchard at the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. Changes of fetal body weights, weight of stones from fruits, fruit firmness, soluble solids content and titratable acids content were regarded. Further, was determined ethylene production and carbon dioxide production. Ripening index was calculated from the values of fruit frimness, soluble solids and titratable acids. The measured values were presented in the form of spreadsheets and graphs and were evaluated. The achieved results are valid for particular year and location.

The theoretical part was described by Golden Delicious variety. This part of the thesis describes the material composition of apple, ripe apples qualitative disaggregation into individual groups. Attention was paid to the effect of ethylene on ripening apples and development.It has also described the climacteric types of fruit and the process of their maturation. In the first experimental part, I followed the harvest maturity fruit varieties Golden Delicious. In the second part of the experiment I followed the criteria specified I during storage in the two different temperatures and at 2 ° C and 20 ° C for treatment with exogenous ethylene. During storage were observed in terms of maturity, which was based on objective measurement. Measurements included pulp strength, the starch content, total acidity and soluble solids, as well as the production of ethylene and carbon dioxide.

Diploma thesis was prepared at the Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products at the Faculty of Horticultural of the Mendel University in Brno in years 2014-2015. The goals of this thesis was evaluated parameters which can best recognize function of 1-MCP. Function of 1-MPC was evaluation by set up by soluble solids, titratable acid, flesh firmness, ethylene production, intensity respiration and weight loss. The theoretical part of thesis deals with general characteristics of apple, substance composition of the fruit, characteristic of ethylene and 1-MCP effect on climacteric fruits.

In this diploma thesis "Ripening tomatoes from the late harvest" were investigated supporting options of the post harvest of the completely green fruit, which remained unharvested in the later stages of harvest. Fruits were transferred from the field conditions to the temperature of 20 °C and afterwards were successively treated with ethylene as the supportive maturing factor, which helped them to get to the suitable conditions for subsequent maturation. Two varieties of tomatoes were used for the speed of ripening. At the end of the cultivation period, both varieties of tomatoes 'Expres' and 'Premio' were treated by the three concentrations of exogenous ethylene, 2 100 ppm, 7 360 ppm and 2 200 ppm. Technologically important parameters such as the size and weight of fruit, fruit color, fruit firmness, soluble solids and titration acid were evaluated during the post-harvest storage (21 days). Influence of ethylene in concentrations up to 7 360 ppm has proven effective post-harvest treatment that supports ripening of originally unripe fruit at the end of the growing season. Also differences in the investigated varieties were proved, the 'Premio' variety was after the ethylene treatment sensitive in parameters, which were monitored.

This thesis deals with the factors responsible for induction of the formation of tuber potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in in vitro conditions. The aim was to observe cultivation of the nodal segments of stems on the induction medium with reduced content of inorganic nitrogen 12 umol, 80 g/l sucrose and the addition of 10 mg/l BA for the for-mation of tubers. The frequency of tuberisation was evaluated, as well as morfological changes, size and weight of the tubers. Three groups of explants were established diffe-ring in lenght of cultivation on the induction medium. These were monitored for chan-ges in the content of endogenous ABA in the nodal segments of stem and stolon. Moni-toring of the changes in content of endogenous cytokinin, nitrogen content, production of ethylene, ethane and CO2 was performed as well. Permanent microscopic preparations were prepared to detect transformation of the axillary bud into stolon, resp. tuber. Increased content of ABA during the tuber formation demonstrates its effect on tuberi-zation. Amongs cytokinins, the biggest effect of cytokinins on tuberization has BA, iP and iPR. Conversely, Z and ZR had no influence. Contents of ethylene, ethane,CO2 and nitrogen are related to the lenght of culturing on the induction medium.

In this thesis the study of effects exogenous and engoenous factors on garlic (Allium sativum L.) plats in vitro was done. Species 'Lukan', 'Lan', 'Bjetin', 'Slavin' a 'Havran' were observed with their reactions to growth regulators added to MS medium with 0,5 mg.l-1 2iP, 0,2 mg.l-1 NAA - variants with PP 333, ABA, CEPA and increased sucrose content. During the growth of the plant, ethylene, ethane and CO2 concentrations in culturing bulbs were determined and plant growth was monitored, namely bulb creation and mass increase. At the end of the experiment, the stability of donor plant and explant was verified using DNA markers in 'Lan' and 'Lukan' species.

The diploma thesis deals with the effects of abiotic stress on seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten), the impact of water deficit and abundance. In the theore-tical part is described the importance of water in plant, stress and its impact on plants and the cultivation of plants in vitro. Experimental part consists of experiments in vitro. Waterlogging conditions were simulated the medium without agar, drought conditions were created by increasing concentration of sucrose and polyethylene glycol. In the course of experiment were measured plant responses to stress, concentration of ethylene, ethane and CO2 in the culture vessels. At the end of the experiment was measured concentration of O2, quantum yield of photosynthesis, plant growth parameters, content of plant pigments in needles and anatomical changes in the stem and root of Norway spruce.

This thesis deals with the effects of water scarcity and excess lime in the soil to grow rooted grapevine rootstocks. The theoretical part provides summary information on the structure and main functions of the root system with increased attention on the production of phytohormones. The following chapter discusses the physiology of stress in plants, focusing on stress signals and detailed description. Literary part of the closing chapter on the effects of stress on photosynthesis and respiration and the impact of excess lime in the soil to grow grapevine rootstocks. Experimental part follows the results of the bachelor thesis, when being monitored by simulation of stress in vitro only unrooted rootstocks Kober 125 AA when the measured responses of plants to plant growth (length and weight) and their physiological response (quantum yield of photosynthesis, the production of ethylene, ethane, CO2 content and photosynthetically active pigments). These results are in the thesis completed by the determination of the abscisic acid in the above - ground parts of plants. In this thesis, the experiment was performed with the stage of the plant - unrooted nodal segments rootstock Börner shoots and rooted rootstock Börner and Kober 125 AA.

Naphthoqinones are one of groups of secondary metabolites widespread in nature. The most important higher plant families containing naphthoqinones are Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Droseraceae, Ebenaceae, Juglandaceae, Nepenthaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Naphthoquinones are also products of secondary metabolism of some fungi, lichens and algae. Many investigators have interested in these compounds because of their broadrange biological activities; antibacterial, fungicidal, antiparasitic and insecticidal. In this work, we studied the effects of juglon on hydroponically grown seedlings of L.). Flax plants were exposed to solutions with various concentrations of juglon and the growth and development of pea (Pissum sativum) plants were analyzed. The results showed that juglon significantly affect the morphology and physiology of the pea (Pissum sativum) plants. Moreover, the production of ethylene was increased due to stress conditions.