This thesis deals with use of growth regulators to reduce lodging of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The field trial was conducted in corn production area on a clay-loamy glue fluvisol since 2012 to 2014. An effect of growth regulators was monitored on spring barley of the variety Bojos. Preparations Retacel extra R 68 (chlormequat chloride), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl) and Cerone 480 SL (etephon) were chosen to crop regulation. The aim of the thesis was to carry intensive crop barley focused on correct application of growth regulators according to the cultivation methodologies. Growth regulators were used in various combinations with one another in three dose and dosage times. From this reason cob length, number of seeds per spike, grain yield and selected parameters of malting barley quality were monitored and evaluated. There was no negative effect of different combinations and does of growth regulators on production and quality of spring barley while the aim of crop shortening was achieved. In 2014 up to 20% of the effect of stalk length shortage was achieved. The greatest shortening was achieved on the stalks with higher dose of Cerone. In 2013 the yield increased of 1,95 t.ha-1 in variants with growth regulators.

Dissertation thesis Study of physical chemical features in fruits of peaches and plums was developed at the Institute of Post Harvest Technology of Horticulture Products at Faculty of Horticulture of Mendel University in Brno. This thesis concentrated on setting of material elements in fruits of peaches, the variety 'Red Haven' in the period of ripening and post-harvest storage in different types of atmosphere according to contents of CO2 and O2. In five analysed varieties of peaches 'Flamingo', 'Harbele', 'Harblaze', 'Harbrite', and 'Maria Marta' were set ripening values during ripening on tree. In varieties of plum fruits 'Valjevka', 'President', 'Stanley' was found their tolerance against gas mixtures. During ripening of peach varieties were set volatile elements (ethanol, acetaldehyde) and was stated the concentration of ethylene in the critical period of ripening. In literary review there are characterized material elements of pulp fruits, both chemical structure of fruits, and volatile aromatic substances and their biogenesis, there are described in detail material substances of fruits, amongst which belong biological, physical, sensory, technological signs of quality and post harvest influences on fruits. Further ethylene is characterized in post-harvest period and its physiological features and methods of its effect limitation, factors of plant reaction against ethylene, and chemical inhibition of ethylene reception. Next part deals with methods of quality evaluation and techniques of fruit storage, further on with fruits of plums, peaches and their general characteristics. Experimental part evaluates several fractional methodics. Assessment of peach varieties in three stages of ripening and setting of ripening index, influence of low content of oxygen on production of anaerobic metabolites and volatile materials stated in plum fruits, distribution of frequency of peach fruits ripening on tree in five stages of ripening, production of ethylene according to the grades of ripening in peach varieties, their sensory evaluation and setting of volatile aromatic compounds. In variety 'Red Haven' there were evaluated grades of ripening in the range: unripe to over ripe, which represented in dates five successive harvests. Each successive term was compiled of 40 fruits of average weight for the set grade of ripening. Production of ethylene was evaluated through distribution of fruits in settled harvest date, and was distinctively different in fruit distribution according to ethylene content pursuant to harvest date. In executed measurements of fruits of peach variety 'Red Haven' ripening on tree in grades of ripening unripe, ripe, over ripe, in their frequency five to seven there was stated concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde expressed in mg*l-1 by direct spraying of juice into filling analytic colon. Concentration of acetaldehyde did not change during fruit ripening, and this metabolite can be assessed as interim which changed by alcohol dehydrogenase into ethanol. Concentration of ethanol in over ripe fruits is characteristic with higher content which does not represent multiple concentrations in over ripening in common oxygenated atmosphere. Evaluation was executed only in one variety, however, similar tendencies should be supposed in other varieties as well. Index of ripening (IZ = RS* strength/TK) was formulated in five peach varieties, which represents processes of fruit ripening on tree and important differences were found for ripe and unripe fruits, whereas index of ripening between ripe and over-ripe fruits differs only in several units. With following ripening rates in varieties there were determined differences in phases unripe to ripe for varieties 'Harblaze' and 'Maria Marta'. Furthermore these varieties were evaluated by sensory analysis as well. In analytical method HP/GC/MS 42 volatile aromatic compounds were specified in groups of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, terpenes, lactones, and organic acids in plum fruits in varieties 'Valjevka' and 'Stanley'. In Tukey´s test productions of each specified volatile compounds were evaluated. In variety 'Red Haven' treated with four different gas mixtures (ULO, CA, RA, FAN) according to percentage of content of set amount of CO2 and O2, and stored in these atmospheres during 29 days, there were specified several volatile aromatic materials through analytical method HP/GC/MS.

In the present dissertation thesis quality of plum cultivars were investigated in three successive experiments included measurement of ethylene, CO2, ethanol, acetaldehyde, firmness of the fruits and determination of volatile aromatic compounds by SPME/GC/MS Two plum fruit varieties (Stanley and Valjevka) were stored in prepared gas mixtures (FAN: 0,6 % O2 a 1 % CO2, CA: 1 % O2 a 10 % CO2, RA: 21% O2 a 0,03 % CO2) for 70 days. In terms of the 20th, 40th and 60th day followed shelf life for 10 days at 20 °C. Firmness of the skin was different for both varieties and the softening increased in the variety Valjevka. Softening of fruits significantly decreased in FAN and CA. Skin firmness of fruits stored in normal oxygen atmosphere was lower for about 0,59 MPa (Stanley) and 0,67 MPa (Valjevka) at the end of storage. Fruits stored in CA atmosphere were firm, with unbrowning flesh and there was no browning in stem area, too. The results showed that the variety 'Valjevka' has a high capacity (1705 mg/l) to produce ethanol.There was no microbial damage in 'Stanley' stored in CA and FAN at the end of the storage, in RA were 13,19 %. The highest microbial attack was observed in Valjevka stored in RA 41,85 %. Seventy-one volatile compounds were sampled by head space SPME in two plum fruit varieties (Stanley and Valjevka). Using PCA analysis 13 compounds are sufficient for distinguishing ripening of fruits variety Stanley treated by tree storage atmospheres ((Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, 2-methyl butan-1-ol, (Z)-3-octen-1-ol, 2-heptanol, heptanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-decenal, n-octanal, ethyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, a-terpineol, b-cyclocitral, b-ionone) and 11 compounds for 'Valjevka' (2-octanol, n-octanal, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, b-cyclocitral, b-ionone, (Z)-3-octen-1-ol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, (Z)-3-hexenal, n-hexanal, ethyl benzoate a butyl 2-methylbutyrate). The fruits of 13 plum cultivars were analysed at two different stages of maturity: first when they were ready for picking according to conventional commercial criteria, and again after seven days of maturation during shelf life. In the period of over-ripening SSC increased, and no differences were found in relation to the cultivar. The fruits in this period were physiologically in a phase of reduced intensity of respiration, while production of ethylene increased and was associated with the earliness of the cultivar. Cultivars with a short vegetation period produce more ethylene while late-maturing cultivars have a low potential for ethylene production. Based on post-harvest changes in the tested quality factors, the late-ripening plum cultivars (cv.) Jojo, Topend, President, Tophit and Elena have higher storage potential. A high significant negative correlation was detected between levels of skin firmness and ethylene production. 69 of volatiles were determined by GC/MS/SPME. There are eight compounds (oct-1-en-3-ol, p-menth-1-en-4-ol-R, n-hexan-1-ol, n-pentan-1-ol, ethylhexan-1-ol, g-nonanolaktone, g-kaprolaktone and g-oktalaktone) which taken together can be used to distinguished the two different stages of maturity. The fruits of cv. 'Tophit' were untreated or treated with 1-MCP for 24 h at 20 °C and then kept at 1 °C for 50 days in the atmosphere CA (2 % O2 a 7 % CO2) and RA. Plums were evaluated after 10, 30, 50 days of storage at 1 °C followed by shelf life storage for 7 days. The effect of cold and 1-MCP treatment resulted in significant inhibition of ethylene production, respiration rate and retention of flesh firmness after transfer to room temperature. Sixty-four volatile compounds were sampled by head space SPME and identified by GC-MS, from which (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, butyl-2-methylbutyrate and limonen were significant.

På grund av det rådande miljöhotet så bör fokus för forskning och utveckling i ämnet riktas åt att utnyttja så många förnybara energikällor som möjligt, samt även optimera dessa för största möjliga energiupptagning. Vind, vatten och solljus är välkända och väl utformade källor för energi. Huruvida vatten i form av regn kan utnyttjas och dess potential kommer studeras i det här arbetet. Materialval och konstruktionslösningar står i centrum för arbetet. Vidare så studeras dess bakgrunder för utvinningsmetoderna och dess grundläggande principer tas upp för att skapa en bättre förståelse för möjligheterna att utnyttja tekniken. Fortsättningsvis så har rådande potentiella användningsområden och kommande utmaningar diskuterats utförligt. / Because of the prevailing environmental threat, focus for research and development in the subject should aim towards taking advantage of as many renewable energy sources as possible aswell as optimizing them to convert as much energy as possible. All renewable energy must be utilized, but above all, also optimized. Wind, water and sunlight are well-known and well-designed sources of energy. Whether water in the form of rain can be utilized and its potential as a sustainable commercial method will be studied in this paper. Material selection and design solutions are at the heart of the work. Furthermore, its backgrounds for the extraction methods are studied and its basic principles are addressed to create a better understanding of the possibilities of utilizing the technology. Moreover, the current potential uses and future challenges have been discussed in detail.

The present work deals with the properties of suitable electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The first part described in the current issue of electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, types of solvents and their properties and methods of measurement properties. The second part is devoted to the measurement of the properties of solvents and electrolytes such as relative permittivity, density and viscosity. Measurement of relative permittivity was focused on the measurement of the solvent mixture with varying the percentage of the solvent. Viscosity and density were measured on a solvent with a lithium salt added (final electrolyte).