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The Bahamas Island archipelago grows by the precipitation and secretion of calcium carbonate. A majority of this growth is by lateral accretion of shoreline sedimentary deposits. Previous research is not clear on whether the growth is largely due to eustasy, sediment input from catastrophic events, or a combination of both. The Bahamas is an ideal location for studying Holocene carbonate generation and deposition, but there is limited research on the analysis of strandlines in relation to lateral accretion. Carbonate strandline deposits are commonly classified as low-energy beach ridge deposits. Previous researchers have primarily focused on ooid shoals and subtidal regions. Understanding the mechanisms of platform and shoreline growth in the Bahamas is important for creating petroleum reservoir analogs for exploration. We use ground penetrating radar (GPR) to image and interpret the internal fine-scale stratigraphy of Bahamian carbonate strand plains and thereby constrain our understanding of the processes by which the islands grow. Although GPR has been used extensively to analyze the interior of clastic strandline deposits across the world, tropical carbonate settings have received little attention. We are the first to utilize GPR to study strand plains in Crooked Islands, The Bahamas, our primary location for 2D GPR data acquisition. We integrate our interpretation of these data with a 3D GPR data volume collected on Pleistocene eolianites on San Salvador Island, The Bahamas. We used a GSSI (Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.) bistatic 400-MHz antenna with a field frequency filter of 100"“800 MHz for all datasets. GPR allowed visualization of the interior of the strand plains down to a depth of about 2 m with high resolution. Data processing was performed using state-of-the-art petroleum industry techniques (e.g., gain control, deconvolution, migration, seismic attribute computation) to better visualize the reflectivity. Our data constrains a model that the lateral accretion of carbonate sediment preserved in strandline was deposited in a combination of storm processes and gradual sediment progradation, rather than one or the other. Our conclusions help determine that The Bahamas is ideal for GPR imaging of strandlines due to being assessable, high data quality, no clastic influence, and a dry environment during parts of the world

The late Mississippian carbonates in the Appalachian Basin, U.S.A., were deposited on a huge, south-facing ramp during long-term Mississippian transgression that formed the Mississippian supersequence. The St. Louis- to Glen Dean interval consists of up to twelve fourth-order depositional sequences (300 to 400 k.y. average duration). The sequences (a few meters to over a hundred meters thick) consist of eolianites, lagoonal carbonate muds, ooid shoals, and skeletal banks, and open marine skeletal wackestone and basinal marion the ramp-slope and basin margin. Sequence boundaries are at the top of prograding red-beds, eolianites, and shoal water facies on the ramp, and beneath lowstand sand bodies and quartzose calcisiltite wedges on the ramp margin and slope. Maximum flooding surfaces are difficult to map regionally, therefore it is difficult to separate the TST from the HST of these fourth-order sequences. / Ph. D.