Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Thesis(MSc. Dental Science)-- Univesrity of the Western Cape, 2008. / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 54-61).

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Current gaps in nursing practice can decrease by the translation, implementation, and dissemination of evidence-based practice (EBP). The purpose of this project was to provide staff nurses with EBP education and mentoring in identifying and addressing nursing practice issues using EBP to manage patient care. The Advancing Research & Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) and the social cognitive theory were used as a framework to guide this project development, which addressed if medical surgical nurses receiving education in EBP practice led to improved use, implementation, and improved best practice outcomes. Seven randomly selected medical surgical nurses from a local community 200-bed hospital were recruited to participate in this project. The participants were placed in a quiet room and asked to complete a pre ARCC EBP Beliefs Scale survey, review newly developed EBP education tool, and complete a post ARCC EBP Beliefs Scale survey. The EBP Beliefs Scale (EBPB) survey was used pre and post EBP educational tool review and consisted of 16 statements addressing nurses' beliefs about EBP knowledge. This survey also addressed the implementation of EBP into nursing practice. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the surveys. The results of the survey show a positive correlation between receiving education and mentoring with utilizing EBP in nursing practice. The results of this quality improvement project's social impact will improve collaboration in healthcare organizations and nursing staff to improve the use, translation, and dissemination of EBP projects for patient care improvements and overall improved patient care outcomes.

Background: The gap between evidence and practice is an important problem that may, in part, be exacerbated by language barriers. Methods: We surveyed members of the Japanese Society for Fracture Repair regarding their self-perceived familiarity with evidence-based medicine, and barriers to keeping up with evidence relevant to their practice. We subsequently enrolled these same orthopedic surgeons in a randomized trial to explore the impact of providing 20 electronic links to English or Japanese OrthoEvidence summaries on whether surgeons accessed the link. Results: A total of 106 participants were enrolled in the study, and 105 completed the pre-trial survey. Fifty-seven participants acknowledged barriers to adopting EBM; the three most prominent reasons were lack of time (77%), lack of training in critical appraisal (100%), and language barriers (95%). The mean EBM familiarity score on a 4-point scale, higher scores indicating greater familiarity, was 2.59 (standard deviation [SD] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.52 to 2.66). Our randomized trial found no significant difference in the number of evidence summaries that were accessed whether they were provided in Japanese (median 9, interquartile range[IQR] 5 to 15; n = 52) or English (median 3, IQR 2 to 15; n = 53) (p=0.06). Conclusion: Although most Japanese orthopaedic surgeons acknowledge barriers in adopting EBM into clinical practice, and highlighted language as a key barrier, providing evidence summaries in Japanese did not significantly increase the number that were accessed. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Evidence-based medicine (EBM) incorporates current best evidence into clinical decision-making. The volume of new publications presents a challenge to staying on top of research findings in practice. Further, as most research is published in English, language barriers may hinder adoption into practice by non-English clinicians. We administered a survey to Japanese orthopedic surgeons to assess their familiarity with EBM, and perceived barriers to incorporating EBM into clinical practice. We subsequently conducted a randomized trial to explore the effect of providing electronic links to Japanese or English research summaries to Japanese orthopedic surgeons on whether or not they accessed summaries. Participants endorsed several barriers to incorporating EBM into practice, including lack of time, lack of training in critical appraisal, and language barriers; however, there was no difference in the number of evidence summaries accessed in our trial whether research reports were provided in English or Japanese.

Evidence-based policy and practice (EBPP) in population health in Australia has been promoted largely without sound research. In response, this thesis presents a series of studies undertaken to assess and inform enhancement of capacity for EBPP in Australia. It comprises linked studies designed to examine different yet complementary aspects of capacity for EBPP. Research was conducted at various levels of Australian health care system, from local to national, in order to better understand EBPP and to make a series of recommendations about effective and synergistic response.

Evidence-based policy and practice (EBPP) in population health in Australia has been promoted largely without sound research. In response, this thesis presents a series of studies undertaken to assess and inform enhancement of capacity for EBPP in Australia. It comprises linked studies designed to examine different yet complementary aspects of capacity for EBPP. Research was conducted at various levels of Australian health care system, from local to national, in order to better understand EBPP and to make a series of recommendations about effective and synergistic response.

The broad purpose of this dissertation is to enhance the quality of managerial decisions through evidence-based management. Specifically, it raises three key questions: What is evidence? What are the attributes of knowledge that can facilitate informed decision making? How can such knowledge be generated? To answer these questions this thesis proposes a theory of evidence, suggesting that the strength of evidence is contingent upon its methodological fit, contextuality, transparency, replicability, and consensus. A model of evidence-based decision making is offered that explores how managers’ judgment, experience, and personal values along with the values of other stakeholders, contextual factors, and ethical constraints, may affect the decision process. Moreover, this thesis argues that in order to foster evidence-based management practice we need knowledge that is rigorous, relevant and actionable. To this end, a theory of actionability is proposed, and an empirical study is conducted to determine the attributes of actionable management knowledge. Based on the study, an actionability index is suggested. Evidence that is actionable requires sustainable collaborative effort to produce, curate and communicate. To accomplish that a theory of evidence-based collaboration is proposed. This theory conceives the collaboration as an independent organization that oversees the process of bringing rigour, relevance, and actionability together, and provides an interactive platform for producers, arbiters and users of management knowledge to communicate and collaborate. A template, guided by the theory of collaboration, is designed to produce systematic reviews that are useful for management practice. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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No / This commentary explores the role of evidence-based management for evidence-based decision-making legitimacy in mental health nursing.