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D.Ing. / Many studies have been conducted in order to establish the respective influence of geometric parameters such as fins number, fin shape (apex angle), spiral angle, fin height, fin pitch etc. on the condensation heat transfer performance of the spiralled micro-fin tubes. However, the effect of the spiral angle could not be clearly established in those investigations, because other geometric parameters affecting the heat transfer performance such as fin height, fin thickness, apex angle were also varied. The influence of the spiral angle on the heat transfer performance during condensation inside spiralled micro-fin tubes having all other geometric parameters the same was experimentally investigated in this study. A new experimental-based predictive correlation was developed for practical design of this specific class of micro-fin tubes. Tests were conducted for condensation of R22, R134a and R407c inside a smooth and three micro-fin tubes having spiral angles of 10, 18 and 37 degrees. Experimental results indicated a heat transfer augmentation due to heat transfer area increase. As the spiral angle was increased, the heat transfer area increased causing a substantial heat transfer augmentation. Condensation inside the 10° spiralled micro-fins produced a heat transfer augmentation of about 170% for a heat transfer area increase of 1.87 when compared to condensation in ~he correspondent smooth tube while the 18° spiralled " micro-fins produced an augmentation of 180% for a heat transfer area increase of 1.94. The 37° spiralled micro-fins produced the highest enhancement of 220% for a heat transfer area increase of 2.13. Additional heat transfer augmentation was produced by: (a) the turbulence in the condensate film due to the presence of spiralled micro-fins (stronger effect at lower mass velocities and vapor qualities) and (b) the effect of surface tension forces (at higher vapor qualities). The proposed new correlation predicted the majority of experimental results of the present study within a deviation zone of ± 20 percent.

Desiccant-enhanced air conditioning equipment has exhibited both the capability to improve humidity control and the potential to save energy costs by lowering the latent energy requirement of the supply air stream. The resulting increasing popularity of desiccant-enhanced air conditioning systems has sparked new interest in the search for a better, more efficient desiccant material. The ultimate goal of this research was to develop a material that, when applied to an existing air-to-air heat exchanger, would achieve the necessary heat and mass transfer in a single process, thus transforming a sensible heat exchanger into a total enthalpy exchanger. This study focuses on the development and determination of appropriate polymeric desiccant materials for use in different heat and mass transfer applications. Various candidate materials were initially studied. It was decided that polyvinyl alcohol best met the pre-determined selection criteria. After the focus material was chosen, numerical models representing two heat and mass transfer applications were created. One-dimensional numerical models were developed for the performance studies of a rotary wheel total enthalpy exchanger. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed for the performance studies of a fixed plate total enthalpy exchanger as well. Material characterization tests were performed to collect material property information required by the numerical models. Sensible, latent, and total efficiencies gathered from both the rotary wheel total enthalpy exchanger and the fixed plate total enthalpy exchanger models indicate potential uses for some candidate polyvinyl alcohol materials. / Master of Science

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 M215 / Master of Science

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M.Ing. / Experiments are being conducted with regard to heat exchange systems. However, there are errors and uncertainties attached to each system. Journals, which publish articles concerning heat transfer experiments, require an estimate of this uncertainty. These uncertainties must be calculated in order to determine how valid a set of results is. The uncertainty describes to what level one may rely on a set of experimental results and conclusions. The uncertainty was calculated by the formulation of an uncertainty equation with the use of various statistical methods. Adjustments or modifications had to be made to the present uncertainty equations in order to calculate the uncertainty in heat transfer systems. Uncertainty based on a general uncertainty equation by Schultz and Cole (1979) enabled the derivation of the equations to calculate the necessary uncertainty factor for heat transfer systems. Implementation of the equations in various experimental set-ups was achieved. The uncertainty equations yielded results that seemed consistent with the subjective view of the experimenter. Therefore, the equations were considered valid.

M.Ing. / The Montreal Protocol led to the phasing-out of ozone layer depleting refrigerants and replacing them with more environmentally friendly refrigerants, which in many cases caused heat transfer degradation in heat exchanger equipment. To make up for the heat transfer degradation, there was a need for the application of heat transfer enhancement techniques. One such technique is the use of micro-fin tubes as opposed to traditional smooth tubes. The purpose of this study is to develop a flow regime map for the condensation of R-22, R-407C and R-134a in a herringbone micro-fin tube. It was perceived that with the knowledge of flow patterns inside the tube and especially the annular-to-intermittent transition, it is possible to perform improved analyses of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. Experimental and analytical work was performed to investigate the flow regimes during condensation of the refrigerants in smooth, helical micro-fin and herringbone micro-fin tubes at an average saturation temperature of 40oC, with mass fluxes ranging from 300 to 800 kg/m2s. Condensation occurred in tube-in-tube type condensers with cooling water flowing in the annulus and the refrigerant in the inner tubes. The condensers consisted of eight sub-sections to allow for the acquisition of sectional heat transfer and pressure data. Various criteria were considered in order to generate flow regime maps. The Thome flow regime transition criterion was used and complemented with visually-observed and photographic imaging, as well as the objective power spectral density distributions of the pressure signals of the condensing refrigerants. The observed flow regimes were mainly annular flow and intermittent flow. Stratified-wavy flow was observed at low mass fluxes and low vapour qualities. There were notable similarities in the flow pattern between the smooth and micro-fin tubes. However, the experimental results show that the transition from annular to intermittent flow regimes occurred at average vapour quality values of 0.26, 0.29 and 0.48 for the herringbone micro-fin, the helical micro-fin and smooth tubes respectively. The combined analyses assisted in adapting the helical micro-fin tube condensing flow pattern map, to ensure its application in accurately predicting herringbone micro-fin tube condensation. The new transition criterion effectively predicts the delay in transition from annular to intermittent flow for all three refrigerants, condensing in the herringbone micro-fin tube.