This thesis examines the cross-sectional and time series variation between commodities futures prices and current prices. The 'Theory of Storage' states that the difference between the two prices will be a function of two factors: The first is the cost of storing the commodity over the term of the futures contract (carrying costs). The second factor is the value of the convenience yield. The convenience yield is a concept which evolved from the theory of storage and is explained as the benefit which accrues to the individual or firm that holds the commodity in storage but does not accrue to the holder of the futures contract. It is generally assumed that the value of a commodity's convenience yield is decreasing in the aggregate inventory available and some indirect empirical support has been generated for this assumption, however, an economic model has not been provided which derives the result. There are two objectives of this thesis: The first is to provide a model of the convenience yield which explains the relationship between the level of inventories and the value of the convenience yield. The second objective is to empirically test the predictions of the model. The model provided shows the convenience yield to be decreasing in the level of aggregate inventory. In addition, the value of the convenience is found to be related to the time-series process of shocks to demand. An analogy is drawn between the convenience yield and an option with a stochastic exercise price. Using futures price data and aggregate inventory data, the empirical implications of the model are tested. The results support the hypothesis that a commodity's convenience yield is decreasing in aggregate inventory. Some evidence is also provided that the convenience yield is decreasing in the correlation between shocks to demand. / Business, Sauder School of / Finance, Division of / Graduate

The internationalization of world equity markets is frequently discussed in the financial press. One of the most significant trends in this internationalization is the growth in the number of firms listing their shares on a foreign stock exchange. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of multiple listing on a firm's share price. A review of the popular financial press suggested many reasons for listing internationally. These explanations included; a perquisite argument added attention from security analysts, market segmentation, increasing the market value of the firm, decreasing financing costs, different securities laws and trading practices, increased demand for the shares, and externalities such as increased name recognition in foreign markets. An event study methodology was employed to analyse the reaction of the share price to the announcement and the actual listing of the shares. Three samples were selected for this study using daily data. These were Canadian firms listing on American exchanges, North American firms listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and American firms listing on the London (International) Stock Exchange. A related study has analysed stock price reactions associated with moving from the Over-The-Counter Market to the New York Stock Exchange [Sanger and McConnell 1987]. These studies had found that there is a significant run up in price after the announcement of the listing. They also found that after the listing there was a statistically significant decline in price. Howe and Kelm [1987] have recently used the same methodology to test the multiple listing effect on smaller European exchanges. They found a negative return prior to and after listing. The three samples in this paper all earned statistically significant positive returns in the ten days prior to the listing. However, the run up in the Canadian sample seemed to depend on whether the firm listed on the NYSE or the ASE. The NYSE firms had a far more significant run up. The experience after the listing is also more similar to the American findings which have found a significant decline after listing. The Japanese sample loses almost all of its gains in the four weeks following listing, while the UK sample suffers a smaller but still significant decrease. Finally, the result for the American sample seems to depend on the market portfolio used. Using a Canadian market index, share prices decline after listing while we do not observe significant negative post-listing returns using an American market index. The net result then over the entire period then appears to be statistically insignificant. No clear signal is provided by the market as to whether the new listing is viewed positively. Yet the result is interesting when compared to both the McConnell and Sanger, and the Howe and Kelm papers. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

This study consists of three essays of causal relations between international financial markets. The first essay investigates the impact stock exchange mergers on indices co-movement and international portfolio management. The long run cointegration and causal relations between a group Nordic and Baltic stock Exchanges (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) that composed the OMX and NASDAQ stock exchange are tested. Employing GARCH model to test the heteroskedastic cointegration between these indexes during 2003 to 2012, I find that the integration of Nordic and Baltic stock markets increased due to the merger. Based on the linear and nonlinear causality test, the results show that the NASDAQ index has a stronger predictive power on OMX indexes after the merger. The second essay explores the causal relations oil markets and financial markets. Using daily data of WTI crude oil prices and Shanghai Stock Exchange index for a period from January 1, 2001, to November 2, 2015, I propose a two-step nonlinear quantile causality test approach to investigate the bidirectional relationship between oil price return and China's stock price return. This study provide some evidence of the existence of relation between international oil markets and financial markets of emerging countries, and suggest that insignificant results in previous studies is due to the unsuitable regression models. Last essay links international financial network with international trade network. Based on the bilateral data from year 2001 to 2011, I construct international trade and financial networks, defined as a weighted graph where nodes are countries and edges are trade and capital flow linkages, respectively. To get a deeper insight of the network characteristics, we adopt turning parameter to combine the node degree and strength within the weighted network. And moreover, we construct a new indicator, partner quality centrality, to identify the quality of neighbors. Within the panel co-integration framework, we provide the existence of positive long run equilibrium between the trade and financial networks as constructed. In addition, we employ a panel causality test to investigate the short run dynamics, indicating that the international capital flow network has predictive power on the trade network from the short run perspective, but not the vice versa.

Over the period from January 1997 to December 2007 the South African equity market has been the target of a number of reforms initiated by both the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) and the South African government. From a review of current emerging markets and financial liberalisation literature, we identify the market attributes that differ between emerging and developed equity markets or that are changed significantly by the financial liberalisation process. The attributes are: · Correlation with major world equity markets · Distribution of returns · Market efficiency · Share price volatility · Stock price synchronicity · Implicit transaction costs Using the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index as the basis, we conducted a longitudinal study contrasting the values of these attributes for the period 1997 to 1998 with those for the period 2006 to 2007. We then used these results to assess whether the South African equity market has become more like a developed equity market in its behaviour. We find that the South African equity market has made statistically significant progress towards developed market behaviour for all attributes apart from stock price synchronicity. We ascribe the higher level of stock price synchronicity to an increase in the number of resource and industrial shares included in the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index. Overall we conclude that the South African equity market has become significantly more like a developed market in its behaviour. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

No description available.

In Fulfilment of the Ph.D. Programme in Finance Graduate School of Business Administration University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa / E.K. 2019

No description available.

by Poon Yeuk Wan, Tsang Fei. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Appendix --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Project Objective --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Project Structure --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Data --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Emerging Markets´ؤ-An Overview --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Latin America --- p.5 / Argentina --- p.5 / Brazil --- p.7 / Chile --- p.7 / Colombia --- p.8 / Mexico --- p.8 / Peru --- p.9 / Venezuela --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Eastern Europe --- p.10 / Czech Republic --- p.10 / Poland --- p.10 / Slovakia --- p.11 / Hungary --- p.11 / Russia --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Middle East --- p.12 / Israel --- p.12 / Jordan --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Implication For Further Analysis --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Analysis and Findings I: Descriptive Statistics Analysis --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Objective of Descriptive Statistic Analysis --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Findings --- p.16 / Eastern Europe --- p.16 / Latin America --- p.16 / Middle East --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Analysis and Findings II: Day-of-the- Week (Monday effect) Test --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- Objective --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Literature Review --- p.19 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methodology --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4 --- Data --- p.23 / Chapter 4.5 --- Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 4.6 --- Empirical findings --- p.25 / Chapter I. --- The equality of return test --- p.25 / Eastern Europe --- p.26 / Latin America --- p.26 / Middle East --- p.26 / Overall --- p.27 / Local currency versus US currency --- p.27 / Chapter II. --- Comparison of Monday return with returns of other days within the week --- p.27 / Chapter l. --- Without exchange rate effect --- p.28 / Chapter 4.7 --- Monday effect一-an overview --- p.31 / Comparison by region --- p.31 / Eastern Europe --- p.31 / Latin America --- p.31 / Middle East --- p.32 / The effect of exchange rate --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Analysis And Findings III: Correlation Analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 5.1 --- Literature Review --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2 --- Objective --- p.35 / Chapter 5.3 --- Methodology --- p.35 / Chapter 5.4 --- Findings --- p.38 / Chapter I --- Correlations Within Regions --- p.38 / Eastern Europe --- p.33 / Latin America --- p.40 / Middle East --- p.42 / Chapter II. --- Correlation Among Regions --- p.43 / Eastern Europe vs. Latin America --- p.43 / Latin America vs. Middle East --- p.44 / Eastern Europe vs. Middle East --- p.45 / Chapter III. --- Correlations with the United States --- p.46 / US vs. Eastern Europe --- p.46 / US vs. Latin America --- p.46 / US vs. Middle East --- p.47 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Implications --- p.49 / Implications on market integration --- p.52 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.54 / APPENDIX --- p.56

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Ho Chi Sze, Grace, Poon Chun Pong, Daniel, Wong Wai Ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 163-164.