Proposição: Avaliar a associação entre as condições de saúde bucal, fatores comportamentais e sociodemográficos e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. Correlacionando o padrão citopatológico quantitativo e qualitativo com as variáveis bucais e sociodemográficas. Materiais e Métodos: A partir de dois esfregaços, um da borda da língua e outro do assoalho bucal de 117 homens com mais de 25 anos, foram quantificadas cem células de cada. As células foram coradas pelo método Papanicolaou modificado e classificadas em: Escamas, células superficiais com núcleo, células intermediárias e células parabasais. Variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais foram coletadas a partir de um questionário estruturado. Índice CPO-D e uso de próteses foram registradas a partir de um exame clínico intra-oral.As análises foram conduzidas utilizando o pacote estatístico Stata versão 10. O indivíduo foi considerado a unidade analítica. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: No total das células na borda da língua, 75% eram intermediárias, 20% superficiais com núcleo e 5% escamas, sendo que células parabasais foram raramente observadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis em estudo em todos os tipos celulares, com exceção da ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas.Observou-se percentual significativamente maior de escamas e células superficiais com núcleo nos indivíduos que ingeriam de álcool comparados aos que não ingerem. Para as células intermediárias, o percentual foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos que bebem comparados aos que não bebem. Um padrão semelhante de distribuição celular foi observado no assoalho de boca. O consumo de álcool foi o único fator comportamental que influenciou significativamente no padrão citológico da mucosa bucal dos indivíduos analisados nos modelos multivariados. Conclusões: Foi encontrada associação entre um dos fatores comportamentais (o álcool) e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. As demais variáveis estudadas não apresentaram associação significativa com o padrão de descamação da mucosa bucal normal com a técnica utilizada. / Proposition: To evaluate the association between oral health status, socio- demographic and behavioral factors and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. Correlating the standard cytopathology quantitative and qualitative with oral and sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: From two smears, one edge of the tongue and other oral floor of 117 men over 25 years old, were quantified hundred cells each. Cells were stained with modified Papanicolaou method and classified into: Scales, superficial cells with nuclei, intermediate and parabasal cells. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were collected from a structured questionnaire. DMFT index and use of prostheses were recorded from a clinical intra - oral.As analyzes were conducted using Stata version 10. The individual was considered the analytical unit. The level of significance was set at 5 %. Results: In total cells at the edge of the tongue 75% were intermediate, 20% core surface scales and 5%, and parabasal cells were rarely observed. No significant differences were observed for all study variables in all cell types, with the exception of beverage intake alcoólicas.Observou is significantly greater percentage of scales and superficial cells in the core subjects ingestores alcohol compared to those who do not drink. For intermediate cells, the percentage was significantly lower in individuals who drink compared to those who do not drink. A similar pattern of cell distribution was observed in the floor of mouth. Alcohol consumption was the only factor that significantly influenced the behavioral cytology of the oral mucosa of individuals analyzed in the multivariate models. Conclusions: An association between a behavioral factor (alcohol) and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. The other variables were not significantly associated with the default scaling of normal oral mucosa with the technique used.

Mucins, synthesised and secreted by goblet cells, possess potential binding sites for both commensal and pathogenic organisms, and may perform a defensive role during establishment of the intestinal barrier in newly hatched chickens. Increasing interest has been directed toward bacterial interactions within the mucus layer, and the mechanisms by which bacterial colonisation can influence mucus composition during early development. This is important, firstly, as a means to understand initiation of infection and secondly, to optimise the gut microflora for enhanced animal production. Currently, information on mucosal-bacterial interactions in poultry is limited. In order to observe the effects of bacterial exposure on intestinal goblet cell mucin production during early development, differences in the small intestine of conventionally-raised (CV) and low bacterial load (LBL) broiler chicks were examined during the first 7 days post-hatch. The initial aim of the study was to construct a small-scale, economical isolator system to hatch and raise chicks in a bacterial-free environment as a means to observe bacterial interactions with the intestinal mucosa in chickens exposed to normal environmental conditions. The design and construction of flexible plastic isolators for incubation and brooding are described, along with methodologies for preparation of eggs for entry into the isolators, incubation and hatching. Two trials were conducted, the first in August 2005 and the second in March 2006. It was found that the isolator system was successful in producing low bacterial load chicks for comparative studies with conventionally raised chicks, without compromising body weight. A histological study was then conducted whereby ileal and jejunal goblet cells were stained with either periodic acid-Schiff or high iron diamine/alcian blue pH 2.5 to discriminate between neutral, sulphated and sialyated acidic mucins. Total goblet cell numbers and goblet cell and villous/crypt morphology were also examined. Bacterial colonisation of CV animals induced an increase in sialic acid moieties in both ileal and jejunal goblet cell such that initiation of these changes occurred at day 3-4 post-hatch. Differences in intestinal morphology were also consistent with other germ-free animal studies. In order to further understand the extent to which bacteria affected mucin composition, purified, isolated oligosaccharide fractions from ileal mucin at d 4 and 7 post-hatch were collected and analysed using mass spectrometry techniques to determine any structural differences in chain length or chain number between LBL and CV animals. No differences in chain length or number were observed between CV and LBL animals at either d 4 or 7 post-hatch with both groups equally displaying chain lengths of both low and high molecular weights. Although structural differences in mucin oligosaccharides were not observed between LBL and CV animals, bacterial binding assays utilising whole ileal sections were employed to determine whether or not the differences in mucin composition between LBL and CV animals during early development may have deterred or enhanced binding of certain bacterial species. Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus salivarius were selected for the experiment. Binding of L. salivarius to ileal sections was very low whereas E. coli binding was greater, and more pronounced in LBL animals, especially at d 7 post-hatch. No statistically significant differences were observed in binding of E. coli to purified ileal mucin from LBL and CV animals at either d 4 or d 7 post-hatch. Correlations between E. coli and L. salivarius adherence to ileal tissue and mucin samples, and goblet cell parameters, were not statistically significant when fitted as co-variates. It was concluded that the changes in mucin composition played a minor role in bacterial adhesion of L. salivarius and this E. coli serotype. In summary, this thesis explores the physiological changes in goblet cell mucin production in response to bacterial exposure post-hatch. The thesis outlines the complexity of mucosal-bacterial interactions which would benefit from the employment of specialised techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and microarray technologies to examine a greater range of mucin structures and gene expression. This thesis provides support for future investigations into the influence of intestinal microflora on mucosal and mucin dynamics of poultry and the potential development of prebiotics for use in animal production. / http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297640 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 12, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994. / Title from title page screen, viewed March 21, 2006. Dissertation Committee: H. Tak Cheung (chair), Herman E. Brockman, Lynne A. Lucher, Philip D. Morse, Anthony J. Otsuka. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-111) and abstract. Also available in print.

Proposição: Avaliar a associação entre as condições de saúde bucal, fatores comportamentais e sociodemográficos e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. Correlacionando o padrão citopatológico quantitativo e qualitativo com as variáveis bucais e sociodemográficas. Materiais e Métodos: A partir de dois esfregaços, um da borda da língua e outro do assoalho bucal de 117 homens com mais de 25 anos, foram quantificadas cem células de cada. As células foram coradas pelo método Papanicolaou modificado e classificadas em: Escamas, células superficiais com núcleo, células intermediárias e células parabasais. Variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais foram coletadas a partir de um questionário estruturado. Índice CPO-D e uso de próteses foram registradas a partir de um exame clínico intra-oral.As análises foram conduzidas utilizando o pacote estatístico Stata versão 10. O indivíduo foi considerado a unidade analítica. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: No total das células na borda da língua, 75% eram intermediárias, 20% superficiais com núcleo e 5% escamas, sendo que células parabasais foram raramente observadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis em estudo em todos os tipos celulares, com exceção da ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas.Observou-se percentual significativamente maior de escamas e células superficiais com núcleo nos indivíduos que ingeriam de álcool comparados aos que não ingerem. Para as células intermediárias, o percentual foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos que bebem comparados aos que não bebem. Um padrão semelhante de distribuição celular foi observado no assoalho de boca. O consumo de álcool foi o único fator comportamental que influenciou significativamente no padrão citológico da mucosa bucal dos indivíduos analisados nos modelos multivariados. Conclusões: Foi encontrada associação entre um dos fatores comportamentais (o álcool) e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. As demais variáveis estudadas não apresentaram associação significativa com o padrão de descamação da mucosa bucal normal com a técnica utilizada. / Proposition: To evaluate the association between oral health status, socio- demographic and behavioral factors and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. Correlating the standard cytopathology quantitative and qualitative with oral and sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: From two smears, one edge of the tongue and other oral floor of 117 men over 25 years old, were quantified hundred cells each. Cells were stained with modified Papanicolaou method and classified into: Scales, superficial cells with nuclei, intermediate and parabasal cells. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were collected from a structured questionnaire. DMFT index and use of prostheses were recorded from a clinical intra - oral.As analyzes were conducted using Stata version 10. The individual was considered the analytical unit. The level of significance was set at 5 %. Results: In total cells at the edge of the tongue 75% were intermediate, 20% core surface scales and 5%, and parabasal cells were rarely observed. No significant differences were observed for all study variables in all cell types, with the exception of beverage intake alcoólicas.Observou is significantly greater percentage of scales and superficial cells in the core subjects ingestores alcohol compared to those who do not drink. For intermediate cells, the percentage was significantly lower in individuals who drink compared to those who do not drink. A similar pattern of cell distribution was observed in the floor of mouth. Alcohol consumption was the only factor that significantly influenced the behavioral cytology of the oral mucosa of individuals analyzed in the multivariate models. Conclusions: An association between a behavioral factor (alcohol) and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. The other variables were not significantly associated with the default scaling of normal oral mucosa with the technique used.

Proposição: Avaliar a associação entre as condições de saúde bucal, fatores comportamentais e sociodemográficos e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. Correlacionando o padrão citopatológico quantitativo e qualitativo com as variáveis bucais e sociodemográficas. Materiais e Métodos: A partir de dois esfregaços, um da borda da língua e outro do assoalho bucal de 117 homens com mais de 25 anos, foram quantificadas cem células de cada. As células foram coradas pelo método Papanicolaou modificado e classificadas em: Escamas, células superficiais com núcleo, células intermediárias e células parabasais. Variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais foram coletadas a partir de um questionário estruturado. Índice CPO-D e uso de próteses foram registradas a partir de um exame clínico intra-oral.As análises foram conduzidas utilizando o pacote estatístico Stata versão 10. O indivíduo foi considerado a unidade analítica. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: No total das células na borda da língua, 75% eram intermediárias, 20% superficiais com núcleo e 5% escamas, sendo que células parabasais foram raramente observadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis em estudo em todos os tipos celulares, com exceção da ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas.Observou-se percentual significativamente maior de escamas e células superficiais com núcleo nos indivíduos que ingeriam de álcool comparados aos que não ingerem. Para as células intermediárias, o percentual foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos que bebem comparados aos que não bebem. Um padrão semelhante de distribuição celular foi observado no assoalho de boca. O consumo de álcool foi o único fator comportamental que influenciou significativamente no padrão citológico da mucosa bucal dos indivíduos analisados nos modelos multivariados. Conclusões: Foi encontrada associação entre um dos fatores comportamentais (o álcool) e o padrão citopatológico da mucosa bucal de homens adultos. As demais variáveis estudadas não apresentaram associação significativa com o padrão de descamação da mucosa bucal normal com a técnica utilizada. / Proposition: To evaluate the association between oral health status, socio- demographic and behavioral factors and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. Correlating the standard cytopathology quantitative and qualitative with oral and sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: From two smears, one edge of the tongue and other oral floor of 117 men over 25 years old, were quantified hundred cells each. Cells were stained with modified Papanicolaou method and classified into: Scales, superficial cells with nuclei, intermediate and parabasal cells. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were collected from a structured questionnaire. DMFT index and use of prostheses were recorded from a clinical intra - oral.As analyzes were conducted using Stata version 10. The individual was considered the analytical unit. The level of significance was set at 5 %. Results: In total cells at the edge of the tongue 75% were intermediate, 20% core surface scales and 5%, and parabasal cells were rarely observed. No significant differences were observed for all study variables in all cell types, with the exception of beverage intake alcoólicas.Observou is significantly greater percentage of scales and superficial cells in the core subjects ingestores alcohol compared to those who do not drink. For intermediate cells, the percentage was significantly lower in individuals who drink compared to those who do not drink. A similar pattern of cell distribution was observed in the floor of mouth. Alcohol consumption was the only factor that significantly influenced the behavioral cytology of the oral mucosa of individuals analyzed in the multivariate models. Conclusions: An association between a behavioral factor (alcohol) and standard cytology of the oral mucosa of adult men. The other variables were not significantly associated with the default scaling of normal oral mucosa with the technique used.