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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Linking ageing and arthritis : the role of the longevity-related SIRT1 molecule in age-related cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis

Sacitharan, Pradeep January 2016 (has links)
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide and is characterised by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Ageing is the primary risk factor associated with OA. However, the roles of ageing-related mechanisms in cartilage homeostasis are poorly understood. The class three histone deacetylase, Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1) has been extensively shown to regulate lifespan in lower organisms and signalling pathways linked to mammalian ageing. My thesis explores the role of Sirtuin 1 in cartilage homeostasis and OA. I used in vitro experiments with chondrocyte cell lines, human clinical samples, novel genetically modified cartilage specific and whole body SIRT1 deficient mice alongside molecular biological tools to investigate my research questions. Human OA cartilage showed decreased SIRT1 compared to healthy cartilage. Mice with cartilage-specific SIRT1 deletion showed greater cartilage degradation during ageing and in an experimental OA model. In vitro and in vivo studies showed SIRT1 to directly regulate autophagy in chondrocytes. More importantly, the activation of autophagy using spermidine protected against experimental OA in wild-type mice but not in cartilage-specific SIRT1 deficient mice. In addition, my data revealed whole body SIRT1 deficient mice had increased early joint inflammation in repose to injury but displayed less cartilage loss over time in an experimental OA model. Together I have shown that SIRT1 declines with age and contributes to OA due to dysregulated autophagy. However, chronic low grade inflammation caused by SIRT1 loss was protective. My data suggest these pathways can be targeted to treat OA.
2

Adipositas und psychische Komorbidität: Therapeutische Implikationen

Anja, Hilbert 03 February 2022 (has links)
Die Adipositas geht im Erwachsenenalter oft mit psychischer Komorbidität einher, die den Gewichtsreduktionserfolg beeinflussen und eine Behandlung indizieren kann, die von Standardprogrammen der multimodalen Adipositasverhaltenstherapie (AVT) nicht abgedeckt wird. Dieser Artikel diskutiert am Beispiel der häufig komorbiden Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu Ätiologie und Intervention bei Komorbidität mit dem Ziel, Implikationen für die weitere Forschung und Behandlung abzuleiten. Weil die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT), die am besten belegte Therapieform für Erwachsene mit BES, der AVT bei der Reduktion der Essstörungssymptomatik überlegen war, bei der Gewichtsreduktion nur tendenziell und ausschließlich kurzfristig unterlegen, sollte sich die weitere Interventionsentwicklung auf graduelle Anpassungen der KVT zur Verbesserung der Gewichtsreduktion bei Patienten mit Adipositas und BED konzentrieren. Hierfür kommen mit dem Ziel einer geringfügigen Gewichtsreduktion einzelne adaptierte AVT-Interventionen in Betracht, während sich gleichzeitige oder sequentielle Kombinationen dieser beiden Therapieformen nicht eindeutig bewährt haben. Interventionen, die auf aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen für die Komorbidität beider Störungsbilder fußen, könnten individualisiert einbezogen werden, um die Wirksamkeit für Essstörungssymptomatik und Körpergewicht zu erhöhen. Neue digitale Behandlungsmodalitäten könnten den Transfer in den Lebensalltag und die Nachhaltigkeit der Effekte fördern. Diese Modifikationen hin zu einer adaptiven KVT für Erwachsene mit Adipositas und BES, basierend auf einem patientengerechten Therapierationale, bedürfen der Absicherung durch weitere experimentelle Therapieforschung. / Obesity often co-occurs with mental comorbidity in adults, likely impacting weight loss success and indicating treatment that is not covered by standard behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment. Using the example of binge-eating disorder (BED) as a frequent comorbid condition, this article discusses current research on etiology and intervention in case of comorbidity, in order to derive implications for research and treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the most well-established treatment for adults with BED, was more efficacious than BWL in improving binge-eating symptomatology in patients with obesity and BED, while tending to show lower weight loss effects in the short term only. Therefore, further intervention development should focus on gradual adaptations of CBT for improving weight loss. These interventions could be adapted from BWL and aim at a slight weight loss. Parallel or sequential combinations of these treatments have not consistently demonstrated improved treatment effects. Interventions based on current research could be included on an individual basis, in order to enhance efficacy for eating disorder symptomatology and body weight. New digital treatment modalities could support the transfer into daily life and boost the long-term maintenance of therapeutic gains. These modifications regarding adaptive CBT for adults with obesity and BED should be based on an individual treatment rationale and require further research in an experimental therapeutics framework.

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