Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Antonio Franklin.pdf: 2752727 bytes, checksum: 8af41632661f50bbd4a2dc89aa20bdd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-07 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This study examines how the organizational structure, mechanical or organic, and guidelines for exploitation and exploration of organizational knowledge can explain the innovations in technology research and development institutes (R & D),focused on products and services related to the Internet, software, hardware, telecommunications (Telecom), information technology (IT) and automation. This study aims to characterize and classify these institutes, according to the models and guidelines adopted at the organizational knowledge. For this, the research has two phases: the first one, a qualitative phase and the second a quantitative phase. The qualitative phase used a semistructured script in four case studies, two cases of national institutes, one private institute and the other a public one, and two private multinational institutes situated in Brazil. For data analysis, we adopt the content analysis, analysis of the dimensions and non-participant observation. Based on the findings of this phase, we carried out the quantitative phase, through the application of a questionnaire to the whole population of 44 R & D institutes, however, only 17 of those institutes respondend. This questionnaire is structured with closed question, and it had incorporated a set of assertions measures, using a Likert scale with seven points. Thie analysis presented is descriptive and it was supplemented with secondary data, by searching the website of these 17 institutes. Therefore, the analysis adopted the technique of data triangulation in order to obtain more reliable results. The results revealed a predominance of organic model in 19 of 21 of the institutes studied, using both steps. However, it appears that, despite the strong orientation towards the organic model, there are elements of the mechanical model: the ability to combine bureaucracy without loosing the necessary flexibility. Two of the institutes have not demonstrated the mechanical configuration combining ability, i.e., the base is the bureaucracy, standardization, formalization and specialization. Whereas guidelines for exploitation and exploration is possible to identify and conclude that the institutes tend to have guidelines for exploration, however, some institutes show focus on exploitation, such as the relative efficiency of the processes and standard work routines. Of the four propositions for this stage of the research institutes in 14 were confirmed and ratified the findings of the qualitative phase. Regarding the classification of the 21 institutes surveyed, it can be stated that the focus is mainly on services and products. With regard to the vocation of the institutes, eleven reveal themselves facing R & D and radical innovations and incremental. However, for nine of these institutes it is possible to affirm that the vocation is D, development. The contribution of this thesis for the academic point of view, reveals that when discussing the role of models of organizational structures and guidelines for exploration and exploitation in search of possible lag between theory and application. The contribution for the business standpoint is that to understand how these factors are fundamental to the development of innovation and competitiveness. It is assumed that these factors may have implications on the performance and the economic viability of the R & D Institutes, since innovation is its business. / Este estudo examina como a estrutura organizacional, mecânica ou orgânica, e as orientações para exploitation e exploration do conhecimento organizacional podem explicar as inovações em institutos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) tecnológicos concentrados em serviços e produtos ligados à internet, software, hardware, telecomunicações (Telecom), tecnologia da informação (TI) e automação. Tem como objetivo caracterizar e classificar esses institutos, de acordo com os modelos e as orientações relativas ao conhecimento organizacional adotados. Para tanto, a pesquisa apresenta duas etapas: qualitativa e quantitativa. A etapa qualitativa foi conduzida com a utilização de quatro estudos de casos, sendo dois institutos nacionais, um privado e um público, e mais dois privados estrangeiros sediados no Brasil, mediante a utilização de um roteiro semiestruturado. Para análise dos dados, adota-se a análise de conteúdo, análise das dimensões e observação não-participante. Com base nos achados desta fase, realizou-se a etapa quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário em 17 institutos de P&D, cujo universo era de 44. Este questionário está estruturado fechado e incorporava um conjunto de assertivas mensuradas, segundo uma escala tipo Likert, com sete pontos. Esta análise é descritiva e complementada com dados secundários, por meio da pesquisa nos website dos institutos. Neste sentido, para as análises, é adotada a técnica da triangulação dos dados, visando à obtenção de maior fidedignidade nos resultados. Os resultados revelaram predominância do modelo orgânico em 19 de 21 dos institutos estudados, compreendendo as duas etapas. Contudo, verifica-se também que, apesar da forte orientação para o modelo orgânico, há elementos do modelo mecânico: revelam capacidade combinatória em utilizar a burocracia sem, no entanto, deixar de ser flexível. Dois dos institutos apresentam a configuração mecânica não demonstrando capacidade de combinação, isto é, a base é a burocracia, a padronização, a formalização e a especialização. Considerando as orientações para exploitation e exploration é possivel identificar e concluir que os institutos tendem a ter orientações para exploration, mas apresentam focos em exploitation, como é o caso de eficiência relativa aos processos e às rotinas de trabalho padronizados. As quatro proposições levantadas para esta etapa da pesquisa, foram confirmadas em 14 institutos e ratificadas nos achados da etapa qualitativa. Quanto à classificação dos 21 institutos pesquisados, pode-se afirmar que o foco de atuação é predominantemente em serviços e produtos. No que diz respeito à vocação dos institutos, onze se revelam voltados para P&D com inovações radicais e incrementais. Entretanto, em nove destes casos é possivel afirmar que a vocação é D, desenvolvimento. A contribuição desta tese se revela, do ponto de vista acadêmico, na discussão do papel dos modelos de estruturas organizacionais e de orientações para exploitation e exploration na busca de possíveis lacunas entre a teoria e a aplicação: do ponto de vista empresarial, destina-se ao entendimento de como esses fatores são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da inovação e da competitividade. Supõe-se que estes possam ter implicações no desempenho e na viabilidade econômica dos Institutos de P&D, uma vez que inovação é o seu negócio.

Project-based organizations (PBOs) have drawn attention in business management and represent an increasingly important part of organizations. If managing by projects represents an adapted way to cope with the current environment, it also comes with new challenges. This research brings light on the organizational tensions between immediate performance and sustained performance in PBOs by focusing on competence development as the crucial means to achieve sustained performance. Because PBOs are temporary by nature, competence development represents one of their challenges. Therefore, this research was conducted to gain a better understanding of how this tradeoff can be managed by PBOs. With that purpose, we both researched how this organizational tradeoff and competence development processes were managed in a hockey organization. In sport organizations, player succession is crucial to the organization’s overall performance and survival, therefore making competence development a key activity. The research led us to grasp a better understanding of the nature of the tradeoff between immediate performance and sustained performance as well as brought additional findings on competence development processes. More specifically, it was found that this tradeoff requires adaptation to project stages. We summarized and visualized the findings by providing a framework that can act as a tool for practitioners in PBOs to understand and therefore manage the tradeoff between immediate performance and sustained performance by implementing competence development.

L’objet de cette thèse est l’analyse de l’innovation à partir des connaissances autour de l’approche Knowledge-Based Innovation (KBI) qui décrit l’innovation à travers le prisme de la connaissance. L’innovation s’apparente, foncièrement, à un processus de création, d’application et de diffusion de différents types de connaissances. Cette recherche se focalise sur la phase cognitive de l’innovation dont l’ancrage choisi a été celui d’une approche par les capacités. Nous cherchons alors à identifier les capacités organisationnelles qui sous-tendent l’innovation en amont et à expliquer comment ces capacités s’articulent pour favoriser l’innovation à partir des connaissances. A la lumière des développements théoriques effectués, nous avons élaboré notre modèle conceptuel de recherche qui consacre le rôle médiateur de la capacité d’absorption.La démarche méthodologique appliquée est qualimétrique. Deux études empiriques ont été menées. La première est qualitative, basée sur des entretiens exploratoires. Elle a permis, dans un premier temps, de décrire et d’illustrer les relations étudiées, et dans un second temps, d’affiner nos interrogations et de les enrichir par deux nouvelles propositions de recherche. La deuxième étude est quantitative. Elle s’est basée sur l’administration du questionnaire conçu, à des entreprises françaises œuvrant majoritairement dans le secteur industriel. Cette étude, basée sur la méthode des équations structurelles, a validé globalement le modèle développé en affirmant la médiation partielle de la capacité d’absorption, mais elle a rejeté, toutefois, l’existence de relations entre les investissements en R&D et la capacité d’absorption. / The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of the Knowledge-Based Innovation (KBI) which describes innovation through the prism of knowledge approach. Innovation seems essentially like a process of creation, application and dissemination of different types of knowledge. This research focuses on the cognitive phase of innovation explained according to a capability approach. We seek to identify organizational capabilities that sustain innovation and to explain how these capabilities are linked to promote innovation based on knowledge. We developed then a conceptual model that establishes the mediating role of absorptive capacity.Our methodology is based on two empirical studies. The first is qualitative, based on exploratory interviews. It enabled to illustrate the studied relationships, to refine our questions and to enrich the conceptual model with two new research proposals. The second study is quantitative. It is based on the administration of the questionnaire designed for French companies which operate mainly in the industrial sector. This study, based on a structural equation method, validated the overall developed model. It asserted the partial mediation of the absorption capacity. However the existence of relationships between investment in R&D and absorptive capacity was rejected