Study aim: to assess the role of pH measurement and the need for neutralising agents (Diphoterine®) in the initial management of chemical burns in an academic hospital Method: prospective, interventional study Results: The conjunctival pH of 18 eyes was checked and 5 eyes with an abnormal pH required irrigation with Diphoterine®. The pH using urine dipstick was equivalent to universal indicator paper. Most of the patients were young males who had been involved in domestic or occupational accidents. The majority of patients presented with mild (Grade 1) burns and had a delayed presentation to hospital Conclusion: Neutralising agents are a first aid rinsing solution and most effective immediately after injury. The use of urine dipsticks to measure the conjunctival pH of patients with chemical burns can assist in identifying patients who require irrigation and was equivalent to universal indicator paper. Of the eyes irrigated, Diphoterine® was effective in neutralising the conjunctival pH 80% of eyes.

No description available.

<p>Ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) is an environmental factor known to increase the risk of developing an irreversible opacification of the lens (cataract). Increased irradiance of UV-R to the earth because of depletion of stratospheric ozone is of current concern considering cataract formation. Detailed metabolic information from the cornea, lens and aqueous humour might give valuable knowledge on the biochcemical processes occurring in the eye after exposure to UV-R, and thereby a better understanding of the mechanisms by which UV-R induces cataractogenesis. The purpose of this thesis was to study metabolic effects of exposure to UV-R on the anterior part of the eye. Effects of UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A (315-400 nm) on the aqueous humour, cornea and the lens from animal models were investigated by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Since the lens is composed of functionally distinct anatomical compartments, with different metabolic activity, biochemical changes in various compartments of the lens were analyzed.</p><p>Application of NMR-based metabonomics was effective to analyze metabolic changes in the anterior part of the eye after exposure to UV-R. High-resolution (HR) magic angle spinning (MAS)¹H NMR spectroscopy provided high quality spectra from intact tissue of cornea and lens, and provided important information about metabolic alteration occurring in these tissues after exposure to UV-R. The results from this thesis show that in vivo UV-B radiation affects metabolism of the anterior compartments of the eye. Metabolic changes were observed in aqueous humour, cornea, lens and in the different compartments of the lens. The antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbate, several amino acids, high energetic phosphates, and compounds important for membrane building and osmoregulation were substantially altered after exposure to UV-B radiation. Several biochemical effects such as oxidation, membrane disruption, osmoregulatory problems, lipid peroxidation, problems with cellular signalling and impairment of growth and protein synthesis were suggested. After UV-A exposure, no observable metabolic alterations were found in the anterior part of the eye in the present animal models.</p>

Ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) is an environmental factor known to increase the risk of developing an irreversible opacification of the lens (cataract). Increased irradiance of UV-R to the earth because of depletion of stratospheric ozone is of current concern considering cataract formation. Detailed metabolic information from the cornea, lens and aqueous humour might give valuable knowledge on the biochcemical processes occurring in the eye after exposure to UV-R, and thereby a better understanding of the mechanisms by which UV-R induces cataractogenesis. The purpose of this thesis was to study metabolic effects of exposure to UV-R on the anterior part of the eye. Effects of UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A (315-400 nm) on the aqueous humour, cornea and the lens from animal models were investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Since the lens is composed of functionally distinct anatomical compartments, with different metabolic activity, biochemical changes in various compartments of the lens were analyzed. Application of NMR-based metabonomics was effective to analyze metabolic changes in the anterior part of the eye after exposure to UV-R. High-resolution (HR) magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy provided high quality spectra from intact tissue of cornea and lens, and provided important information about metabolic alteration occurring in these tissues after exposure to UV-R. The results from this thesis show that in vivo UV-B radiation affects metabolism of the anterior compartments of the eye. Metabolic changes were observed in aqueous humour, cornea, lens and in the different compartments of the lens. The antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbate, several amino acids, high energetic phosphates, and compounds important for membrane building and osmoregulation were substantially altered after exposure to UV-B radiation. Several biochemical effects such as oxidation, membrane disruption, osmoregulatory problems, lipid peroxidation, problems with cellular signalling and impairment of growth and protein synthesis were suggested. After UV-A exposure, no observable metabolic alterations were found in the anterior part of the eye in the present animal models.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy).

A study was undertaken to examine the major eye injury problems in industry, to determine the hazards that caused them, and to develop methods for improving industrial eye protection programs so as to reduce the incidence of eye injuries. The study was conducted in Alberta through the Occupational Health and Safety Division of Alberta Labour and the Alberta Workers' Compensation Board. A review of literature was performed to determine the status of eye protection programs, current epidemiological investigations and modes of protection, and to search for historical, legislative and cost benefit information. The project consisted of seven studies which were designed and carried out independently but, together, would provide a wide perspective concerning eye protection in industry. These studies were: a) A Review of W.C.B. Statistical Master File Data - which was concerned with a cumulative review of every eye injury claim received by the Workers' Compensation Board over the years 1974, 1975 and 1976. This included a review of Permanent disability claims, claims for lost work time and claims where only medical aid was required. b) A Review of Selected W.C.B. Personal Medical Files - which was concerned with the detailed review of eye injury claims from fifteen high eye injury risk industry classes. Each medical file was examined individually, paying particular attention to prevention-oriented information. c) A Survey of Occupational Health and Safety Officers - where thirty-one occupational health and safety officers (inspection personnel) were given an in-depth interview to obtain their perceptions and informed opinions on the nature of eye injury hazards, compliance factors, and the status of eye protection programs in industry. d) A Survey of Occupational Health and Safety Personnel - where questionnaires were sent to over six hundred persons in Alberta, identified as being involved in the provision of occupational health and safety services in industry. This included physicians, nurses, safety personnel, and persons in government. Questions were similar to those in Section c. e) A Review of the Minutes of Selected Joint Work Site Committees in Alberta - where the minutes of selected meetings concerning health and safety on the work site between management, the worker, and government, were analyzed to determine the extent of the unsolicited concern for eye injury prevention in companies which were known to have incurred a large number of eye injuries. f) A Review of Anecdotal Data - where several interviews were held with union and management representatives to determine the concern and need for eye injury prevention, and the development of eye protection programs at a policy level in industry. The comments and concerns of many other persons were also considered. g) A Review of Selected Site Visits to Industries in Alberta -where the researcher made six plant visits to better understand the conditions which lead to eye injuries and the problems in implementing preventive programs. It was found that industries involved in the manufacture or use of metal products, chemicals or construction materials were at high risk. More specifically, however, it was determined that certain occupational groups such as machinists, plumbers and pipefitters, welders, and mechanics were also at high eye injury risk. It was concluded that occupational classification and eye injury hazards should be treated as a basis to eye injury prevention. Injuries were found generally to occur most frequently among the young and inexperienced workers, while grinding and welding operations were found to be the most prevalent source of injury. Injuries occurred most often at certain times of the day, and there was some question of the effects of boredom and fatigue. It was found that there is a lack of knowledge and education concerning standards of eye protection and in the proper selection of the protector for the hazard. The physical strength of the protector was minor, however, in comparison to the need for better protector design and fitting of the device to the face of the worker. It was concluded that companies must be encouraged to develop eye protection policies as a basis to the provision of eye protection programs. A plan was recommended for the improvement of eye protection programs in industry. This included the presentation of a comprehensive eye protection program formulated through a review of literature on the subject, and the elucidation of a system of occupational vision care involving the interaction of all groups concerned with eye injury prevention in industry. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 801421 bytes, checksum: 4440d1e021758c701533d36507d5edd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ocular trauma is a relatively frequent condition in Urgency and Emergency Services, being many times associated to facial skeleton fractures. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of ocular lesions in patient victims of facial trauma involving maxilla or zygomaticomaxillary complex. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study, composed of facial trauma victims subjects admitted to an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Emergency and Trauma Hospital - Senador Humberto Lucena (João Pessoa - PB), from may to october 2009. The sample consisted of 100 patients. The mean age was 32,54 years. The most common etiology of trauma was motorcycle accident (41%), followed by physical aggression (14%). The most commom type of fracture was zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, 26 patients in group 1 and 20 in group 2 and the prevalence of maxillary fractures was Le fort I in 8, Le Fort II in 4 and Le Fort III in 10 patients. Presence of fracture and concomintant ocular lesion represented 83% of all patients with ocular lesion. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most common lesion (43%), followed by Lack of the pupillary reflex (5%), reduction visual acuity (5%) and diplopia (2%). Facial trauma involving maxilla and zygomaticomaxillary complex associated to fractures of these structures increases the prevalence of ocular lesion. / O trauma ocular é uma condição relativamente frequente em Serviços de atendimento a Urgência e Emergência, estando muitas vezes associado à fraturas do esqueleto facial. Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de lesões oculares em vítimas de trauma facial envolvendo a maxila e/ou complexo zigomático-maxilar. É um estudo do tipo prospectivo, transversal, em pacientes que deram entrada no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco- Maxilo-Facial do Hospital de Emergência e Trauma - Senador Humberto Lucena (João Pessoa - PB), durante o período de maio a outubro de 2009. A amostra consistiu em 100 pacientes com idade média de 32,54 anos. A etiologia mais frequente do trauma foi acidente motociclístico (41%), seguido por agressão física (14%). O tipo de fratura mais frequente foi do complexo zigomatico-maxilar, tendo o grupo 1: 26 pacientes e o grupo 2: 20. Quanto às fraturas de maxila, as Le Fort I corresponderam à 8, Le Fort II à 4 e Le Fort III à 10. Os pacientes com fratura e lesão ocular concomitante representaram 83% de todos os pacientes com lesão ocular. Hemorragia subconjuntival foi a lesão ocular mais freqüente (43%), seguida por diminuição do reflexo pupilar (5%), diminuição da acuidade visual (5%) e diplopia (2%). Concluiu-se que o trauma facial envolvendo maxila e complexo zigomático-maxilar associado à fratura dessas estruturas aumentam a prevalência de lesões oculares.

Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).