The problem with which this investigation was concerned was that of determining the extent various subgroups of individuals within certain clinical groups would agree in terms of how to rank order Maslow's basic needs.

Påverkar vår personlighet de utbildningsval vi gör i livet? Denna fråga ligger till grund för studien som gjordes på ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter på Uppsala Universitet. I studien deltog 120 personer och undersökningsdeltagarna (Ud) var jämnt fördelademellan ekonomer/sjuksköterskor och kvinnor/män. Studien genomfördes genom att Ud fick svara på 48 stycken påståenden som utgick från Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Tidigare forskning har påvisat skillnader i personlighet mellan ekonom- och vårdstudenter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i personlighet mellan ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter. Studien visade inga signifikanta skillnader i personlighet mellan studentgrupperna. Den slutsats som drogs i denna studie, var att vår personlighet inte påverkar utbildningsvalen ekonom- och sjuksköterska.

The purpose of this study was to examine by means of Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the relationship between Neuroticism, and self-rated eating problems. Altogether 105 respondents, mean aged 42,3 years, including 11 men and 94 women, participated by answering an Internet-based questionnaire comprising three different sections. Neuroticism correlated with self-rated eating problems (r=,468, p<0,01). By means of multiple regression analysis it was indicated that both Neuroticism (p<.001) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p<.001) contributed significantly to the prediction of self-rated eating problems (multiple correlation (ß=.594). The study indicated that the personality only partly explained the variation of eating problems. The result was discussed in terms of significance of biological factors stressing changes in 5-HT levels triggering eating problems.

O presente trabalho, sob o referencial da Teoria da Regulação Pessoal e Social da Conduta Delituosa, ocupou-se da compreensão da adaptação pessoal de um grupo de adolescentes judiciarizados (GJ) em comparação a um grupo de adolescentes não-judiciarizados (GNJ). Sessenta adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idades entre 16 e 18 anos, participaram da pesquisa, 30 constituindo o GJ e 30 constituindo o GNJ. A coleta de dados foi feita com três instrumentos: Invetário de Personalidade de Eysenck, (IPE), Inventário de Personalidade de Jesness (IPJ) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Os resultados indicaram diferenças de adaptação pessoal entre os grupos na medida em que o GJ e o GNJ tiveram médias significativamente diferentes em muitas das dimensões dos instrumentos utilizados (Propensão à Delinqüência, Neuroticismo e Psicotismo do IPE; DS, OV, Im, Au, Al, AM e IA do IPJ e; Tristeza, Insatisfação, Punição, Auto-aversão, Choro, Perda de Apetite e Escore Total do BDI). As diferenças entre os grupos revelaram que a adaptação pessoal do GJ é deficitária, denotando um desenvolvimento de personalidade mais egocêntrico (em oposição a um desenvolvimento alocêntrico da personalidade), em comparação ao GNJ. Os resultados obtidos através dos três instrumentos foram discutidos à luz dos resultados publicados pela literatura científica sobre o tema. Teceram-se algumas considerações finais acerca das contribuições trazidas por este estudo, bem como acerca de suas limitações. / This study was conducted under the basis of the Offensive Behavior Personal and Social Regulation Theory. It aimed to understand the personal adaptation of a group of adjudicated adolescents (AG) in comparison to a group of non- adjudicated ones (NAG). Sixty male adolescents with ages between 16 and 18 years participated of the research (30 composing AG and 30 composing NAG). The data collection was made with three instruments: Eysenck Personality Inventory, (EPI), Jesness Personality Inventory (JPI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results indicated that the groups differentiated on personal adaptation as AG and NAG had significantly different averages in many of the dimensions of the instruments (Propensity to the Deliquency, Neuroticism and Psicoticism of the IPE; SM, VO, Im, Au, Al, MA and AI of the IPJ and Sadness, Dissatisfaction, Punishment, Self-aversion, Tears, Appetite loss and Total score of the BDI). The inter-group differences showed that the AG personal adaptation is low, denoting a more self-centered personality development (the opposite of a personality alocentric development), in comparison to the NAG. The results from the three instruments were discussed in a comparison with the published results from scientific literature on the subject. Some final considerations regarding the contributions brought by this study, as well as some considerations regarding its limitations was carried out.

The master thesis deals with theories of temperament from the perspective of their linkages with biological essence of man. In theoretical chapters, it is examined how research of temperament has evolved over time, and there are presented the most important biology- oriented theories, ranging from classical antique temperaments, to Pavlov's differentiation of personalities according the reactivity of nervous system, and finally to Eysenck's, Gray's and Cloninger's modern theories of temperament. Empirical research is dedicated to the testing of interdependencies between temperamental questionnaires. 4Elements Inventory test based on an element approach theory and Cloninger's TCI-R test representing biological approach in temperament observation were analyzed on a research sample, and correlation and regression analysis was performed. If we have to assign the most similar dimensions of both tests to each other according to content analysis, we would expect relationships between the Harm Avoidance and Fire (negative), Novelty Seeking and Air, Reward Dependency and Water and Persistence and Earth. The relationship of Novelty seeking and Air (r = 0.73) and negative relationship of Harm Avoidance and Fire (r = -0.74) were confirmed as the strongest relationships. The correlation between Reward...

O presente trabalho, sob o referencial da Teoria da Regulação Pessoal e Social da Conduta Delituosa, ocupou-se da compreensão da adaptação pessoal de um grupo de adolescentes judiciarizados (GJ) em comparação a um grupo de adolescentes não-judiciarizados (GNJ). Sessenta adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idades entre 16 e 18 anos, participaram da pesquisa, 30 constituindo o GJ e 30 constituindo o GNJ. A coleta de dados foi feita com três instrumentos: Invetário de Personalidade de Eysenck, (IPE), Inventário de Personalidade de Jesness (IPJ) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Os resultados indicaram diferenças de adaptação pessoal entre os grupos na medida em que o GJ e o GNJ tiveram médias significativamente diferentes em muitas das dimensões dos instrumentos utilizados (Propensão à Delinqüência, Neuroticismo e Psicotismo do IPE; DS, OV, Im, Au, Al, AM e IA do IPJ e; Tristeza, Insatisfação, Punição, Auto-aversão, Choro, Perda de Apetite e Escore Total do BDI). As diferenças entre os grupos revelaram que a adaptação pessoal do GJ é deficitária, denotando um desenvolvimento de personalidade mais egocêntrico (em oposição a um desenvolvimento alocêntrico da personalidade), em comparação ao GNJ. Os resultados obtidos através dos três instrumentos foram discutidos à luz dos resultados publicados pela literatura científica sobre o tema. Teceram-se algumas considerações finais acerca das contribuições trazidas por este estudo, bem como acerca de suas limitações. / This study was conducted under the basis of the Offensive Behavior Personal and Social Regulation Theory. It aimed to understand the personal adaptation of a group of adjudicated adolescents (AG) in comparison to a group of non- adjudicated ones (NAG). Sixty male adolescents with ages between 16 and 18 years participated of the research (30 composing AG and 30 composing NAG). The data collection was made with three instruments: Eysenck Personality Inventory, (EPI), Jesness Personality Inventory (JPI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results indicated that the groups differentiated on personal adaptation as AG and NAG had significantly different averages in many of the dimensions of the instruments (Propensity to the Deliquency, Neuroticism and Psicoticism of the IPE; SM, VO, Im, Au, Al, MA and AI of the IPJ and Sadness, Dissatisfaction, Punishment, Self-aversion, Tears, Appetite loss and Total score of the BDI). The inter-group differences showed that the AG personal adaptation is low, denoting a more self-centered personality development (the opposite of a personality alocentric development), in comparison to the NAG. The results from the three instruments were discussed in a comparison with the published results from scientific literature on the subject. Some final considerations regarding the contributions brought by this study, as well as some considerations regarding its limitations was carried out.

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis of Eysenck proclaiming that the psychopaths are more extraverted than the ordinary population. The author reached the conclusion that Eysenck understood psychopathy as a concept similar to the dissocial personality disorder. Based on these grounds it was deemed reasonable to test the hypothesis on individuals with such a diagnosis. The author choose the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and the 4Elements Questionnaire which allowed her to test the hypothesis with regards to the various aspects of the dimension of extraversion. The research confirmed that the individuals diagnosed with the dissocial personality disorder reach higher values on the scale measured by the EPQ-R than are the values shown for the general population. A significant positive correlation was also found between the scale of extraversion measured by the EPQ-R and the element of fire measured by the 4Elements test. However, no correlation was found between extraversion and the element of air. Based on these results the author concludes that the individuals with the dissocial personality disorder are more extraverted than the general population, primarily due to the higher scores in the items monitoring impulsivity, liveliness and ascendance.

Title: Correlation between mental stress, trapezius muscles electrical activity and electrical activity of the brain Objectives: The main goal of this thesis is to find out whether a shortterm mental stress induced by solving tests in maths, Czech language and colour word test in a time pressure increases the electrical activity in musculus trapezius and further more to evaluate the change in distribution of alfa activity in electroencephalographic record before and after undertaking the above mentioned tests. Methods: The experimental sample consisted of six university students (5 women, 1 man) at the age from 22 to 30. The electrical activity of m. trapezius pars descendens was being evaluated billateraly using the telemetric surface electromyography TeleMyo Mini of the Neurodata company, and electrical activity of the brain was being evaluated using the EEG Nicolet. The stress load was induced by solving mental tests (Czech language, mathematics and a colour word test) in a time limit. The shorten version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to determine the characteristics of the individuals. We focused mainly on determining degree of neuroticism. Results: No influence of mental load on increasing the electric activity of m. trapezius pars descendens was proven. Electroencephalographic...

I och med informationsteknologins snabba framväxt i samhället ställs vi också inför problem som hur vi ska handskas med denna utveckling. Forskning visar att fenomenet datorrädsla kan bero på faktorer som exempelvis erfarenhet, personlighet, attityd eller kön. Syftet med denna studie är dock att undersöka eventuella samband mellan datorrädsla, personlighet samt datorerfarenhet. Nittio studenter vid Högskolan Dalarna agerade undersökningsdeltagare (UD) genom att svara på en enkät bestående av tre delar; bakgrundsfrågor, ett personlighetstest sammansatt av Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) samt åtta scenarier, där UD fick skatta sin självupplevda stressnivå i olika situationer. Studien visar att såväl neuroticism som datorerfarenhet skulle kunna predicera datorrädsla. Starkast effekt på den självskattade stressnivån hade dock variabeln kön. Man kan även dra slutsatsen att fenomenet datorrädsla inte är en specifik slags rädsla, utan till viss del hänger samman med andra fobier.

Dėmesio mirksėjimo efektas – tai plačiai žinomas reiškinys dėmesio tyrimuose. Jis atspindi dėmesingo informacijos apdorojimo ribas, kadangi greitai (10 stimulų per sekundę dažniu) toje pačioje regos lauko vietoje pateikus stimulų seką dažniausiai žmonės nepastebi ir/ arba neatsimena antrojo reikšminio stimulo. Tai įvyksta tuo atveju, kai šis pasirodo 200-500 ms intervale nuo pirmojo reikšminio stimulo pateikimo. Neseniai Martens ir kolegos (2006) nustatė, jog kai kuriems žmonėms dėmesio mirksėjimo efektas nepasireiškia, jie buvo pavadinti „nemirksinčiais“. Manoma, kad individualius skirtumus lemia nevienodai efektyvus gebėjimas iš nereikšmingos informacijos srauto išsirinkti reikšmingą. Šiame darbe siekta patikrinti, ar individuali darbinės atminties talpa, tiriamojo emocinė būsena ir tiriamojo asmenybės bruožai turi įtakos dėmesio efekto išreikštumui. Naudojant parametrizuotą dėmesio mirksėjimo efekto analizės būdą, nustatyta, kad didesnė darbinės atminties talpa sąlygoja mažesnį dėmesio mirksėjimo efektą. Šie rezultatai patvirtina nuomonę, kad dėmesio mirksėjimo efektas yra darbinės atminties talpos ribotumo pasekmė. Taip pat nustatyta, kad tiriamojo emocinio sužadinamumo būsena yra susijusi su dėmesio mirksėjimo efekto stiprumu, o asmenybės bruožai – su trukme. / The attentional blink is a well-known phenomenon in the study of attention. It reflects the impaired ability to identify the second of two targets presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of events if it appears between 200 and 500 ms after the first target. Recently Martens et al. (2006) reported that about 5% of the population (referred to as “non-blinkers”) shows little or no attentional blink under conditions in which most people (“blinkers”) do show. It is proposed that aforementioned differences are determined by individual differences in efficiency of ignoring irrelevant information. Thus, the aims of this master’s thesis were to investigate the impact of working memory capacity, emotional state and personality traits on attentional blink effect. Using parameterized attentional blink analysis method, based on curve fitting, the negative correlation between the size of attentional blink and working memory capacity was revealed. These findings support the idea that individual processing limitations and working memory play a key role in attentional blink. Also it was demonstrated that emotional arousal has impact on the strength of attentional blink and personality traits have effect on the span of attentional blink.