Differences in taste perception between species are thought to reflect evolutionaryadaptations to dietary specializations such as seed predation. By employing a two-bottlepreference test, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the taste responsiveness forfive food-associated carbohydrates and two steviol glycosides in four adult white-faced sakis(Pithecia pithecia). The taste preference thresholds were found to be 10 mM for sucrose, 10-40 mM for fructose, 20-30 mM for glucose and maltose, and 30-40 mM for lactose. The sakisalso showed a clear preference for rebaudioside A and stevioside over tap water atconcentrations as low as 0.04 and 0.2-0.5 mM, respectively. When given the choice betweenall binary combinations of the five carbohydrates at equimolar concentrations of 100, 200,and 300 mM, respectively, the sakis displayed the following preference pattern: sucrose >fructose > glucose ≥ maltose = lactose. The obtained taste preference thresholds for foodassociated carbohydrates fall into the lower range of values among primates, suggesting acomparatively high sweet-taste sensitivity in the sakis. The pattern of relative preferenceswas consistent with that reported in most tested primates. Altogether, the responsivenesstowards the sweet-tasting substances obtained in this seed predator resembles the resultsobtained in primates which act as seed dispersers. However, these results might reflect anevolutionary adaptation of white-faced sakis to exploit resources containing low sugarconcentrations such as unripe fruits and seeds.

Ce doctorat trouve son origine dans la compréhension des prises de décision et des comportements collectifs des animaux. Comment ces derniers parviennent-ils à effectuer des choix collectivement ? Comment les membres d’un groupe procèdent-ils pour synchroniser leurs comportements spatialement et temporellement ? Mon principal objectif a été de dégager, lors des déplacements collectifs et du fur rubbing chez le capucin moine, les évènements décisionnels dépendants de processus anonymes de ceux dépendants de processus liés à l’identité des individus et à leur réseau de relations sociales au sein du groupe. Dans les prises de décision collective relatives aux déplacements, les membres du groupe sont influencés dans leurs choix par leur identité sociale mais aussi par des mécanismes anonymes, de type mimétique. Le fur rubbing est également un comportement collectif dont les mécanismes sous-jacents incluent une dépendance interindividuelle de type mimétique. Des mécanismes similaires mettant en jeu des interactions entre individus basées sur des règles comportementales simples se retrouvent dans chacun des phénomènes collectifs étudiés. Ces résultats sont les premiers à démontrer l’émergence de prises de décision collective à partir de telles interactions anonymes dans un groupe de primates non humains. Ils permettent de faire le lien entre choix individuels et comportement collectif et de mieux concevoir comment un groupe de primates peut se coordonner, maintenir sa cohésion spatiale et synchroniser ses activités./How do animals reach collective consensus? How do group members spatially and temporally synchronise their behaviour? My main purpose was to demonstrate the respective roles of anonymous processes (contagion, mimetism) and individual-dependent processes (hierarchical rank, age, sex, kin, social relationships) in collective decision-making. During decision-making relating to collective movements, group members’ decisions depend on their social identity (individual-dependent mechanism) as well as anonymous processes. Fur rubbing is also a collective behaviour involving interindividual dependence with mimetic underlying mechanisms. We found similar mechanisms, involving interindividual interactions according to simple behavioural rules, in both collective phenomenon studied. These results are the first to demonstrate the emergence of collective decision-making based on anonymous interactions in a group of non human primates. They help to understand the link between individual choices and collective behaviour and to appreciate how a social group of primates maintain its spatial cohesion and synchronize its activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Seriani.pdf: 682776 bytes, checksum: 0cd3db730f9d3bbc93d3a92f22584e75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / This qualitative research aims to identify challenges, experiences and feelings of mathematics teachers beginning their careers and who teach in the final years of elementary school. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with five teachers from a public school in São Paulo. The existing problems in the professional life of the beginner teacher and the failure of papers about the practice in first step career teachers encouraged the development of this research. To broaden the discussion on how beginner teachers face challenges and difficulties, it was sought to support in researchers who study the early stages of the teaching career. Huberman (1995) encouraged this study in relation to the life cycle of the teachers and the identification of phases which define the variables and their professional development. Lima (2006) contributed with the presentation of his own characteristics of his first career, where major brands of identity and professional attitude occur. Marcelo Garcia (1999) brought elements that contribute to the integration into the teaching profession concerning the baseline as the tensions and learning in unfamiliar contexts and the acquisition of professional knowledge and the achieving of personal balance. The results indicated that the beginner teachers face related difficulties, most of the time, indiscipline, student motivation and lack of support from directors and workmates. They also indicated that beginner teachers have feelings of loneliness due to the lack of collective work, inexperience and insecurity. It was observed that the difficulties in relation to the teaching of mathematics came from the training course in undergraduate programs, notably as regards the lack of coordination between specific and pedagogical disciplines. The data have revealed that the professional initiation period is a great importance to the difficulties and challenges today and they have indicated that more and more integration programs should be a matter of concern of directors and teachers of public politics / Esta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo tem como objetivo identificar desafios, vivências e sentimentos dos professores de Matemática em início de carreira e que lecionam nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com cinco docentes de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. A problemática existente na vida profissional do professor iniciante e a insuficiência de produções sobre a prática desses docentes em início de carreira estimularam o desenvolvimento da presente investigação. Para ampliar a discussão sobre como os professores iniciantes enfrentam desafios e dificuldades, buscou-se apoio em pesquisadores que estudam a fase inicial da carreira docente. Huberman (1995) apoiou o estudo no que se refere ao ciclo de vida dos professores e à identificação das fases e suas variáveis que definem o desenvolvimento profissional. Lima (2006) contribuiu com a apresentação das características próprias da fase inicial da carreira, nas quais ocorrem as principais marcas de identidade e atitude profissional. Marcelo Garcia (1999) trouxe elementos que compõem a inserção na carreira docente referentes à fase inicial, como as tensões e aprendizagens em contextos desconhecidos e a aquisição de conhecimentos profissionais e obtenção de equilíbrio pessoal. Os resultados indicaram que os professores iniciantes enfrentam dificuldades relacionadas, na maioria das vezes, à indisciplina, à motivação dos alunos e à falta de apoio dos gestores e colegas de trabalho. Apontaram também que os iniciantes apresentam sentimento de solidão em razão da ausência do trabalho coletivo, de inexperiência e insegurança. Observou-se que as dificuldades sentidas em relação ao ensino de Matemática decorrem da trajetória formativa nos cursos de licenciatura, notadamente no que se refere à falta de articulação entre as disciplinas específicas e pedagógicas. Os dados revelaram que o período de iniciação profissional assume grande importância em decorrência das dificuldades e desafios hoje postos e indicaram que cada vez mais os programas de inserção deveriam ser objeto de preocupação dos gestores e articuladores das políticas públicas

Many higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world are investing in the implementation of different Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) to support the teaching and learning process. However, there is a lack of detailed guidelines or a practical framework for the VLE system implementation without which an effective VLE system implementation framework, many of the full potential of VLE system cannot be realised objectives and benefits remain underachieved. A small number of frameworks specific for VLE system implementation are reported in the literature; however, these are not comprehensive in terms of covering the entire end-to-end implementation, do not consider all the key elements of a VLE system implementation and are far from integrated. Moreover, a practice-based framework that considers various organisational, pedagogical, and technological aspects and covers the entire end-to-end implementation, is not available in the current literature, and there is no complete set of guidelines to be used by HEIs to support and manage an effective VLE system implementation. Therefore, further research is needed for investigating various key elements and for identifying aspects of a good-practice framework for the implementation of VLE systems in HEIs. Particularly, an integrated good-practice framework that is comprehensive and integrates elements from existing literature and current practices or case studies would be a significant and useful contribution to this field, which highlights the importance of this study. Hence, research into investigating a good-practice VLE system implementation framework is important, and this thesis builds and presents a good-practice-in-context framework for the implementation and use of VLE systems in HEIs. This is done through identifying and exploring the key elements that build-up such a comprehensive practice-based framework for VLE system implementation through literature and good practices by considering various pedagogical, technical, and organisational aspects. These key elements include stages, processes, critical success factors (CSFs) considered, challenges (CLG) faced, associated risks, stakeholders (SHs) involved, and various tools, technologies, and methods, integrated with the VLE system. The key elements provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental issues and success factors underlying the successful implementation and sustainability of a VLE system. Initially, a conceptual framework was developed encapsulating various key elements of a VLE system implementation framework based on an extensive literature review and an analysis of existing frameworks and models, encapsulating various key elements of a VLE system implementation framework, where the elements were integrated and mapped with each other highlighting and depicting interrelations and interactions among them. The conceptual framework was validated by empirical data from the two case studies (of HEIs, at local and national level) to propose a refined, novel, and practice-based framework for VLE system implementation in HEIs, which also contains mappings to Technology Enhance Learning (TEL) strategy components. Thus, the proposed good-practice-in-context framework can be used as a tool to assist or guide HEIs to implement VLE system successfully. Finally, the proposed framework could lead to a successful VLE system implementation and it could also serve as an effective approach that not only facilitates enhancement in the learning and teaching experience, but also fosters end-user engagement and supports flexibility and customization according to the end-user needs of HEIs.

The thesis deals with the design of the crematorium located in the municipal land registry of the city of Žďár nad Sázavou. The thesis contains design documentation, technical report, thermal technical appraisal, details of 2D technical field, fire technical report, structural analysis of reinforced concrete structure, heat recovery.The proposed project has two floors.The build-up area is 587 m2. The proposed project has green roof. The building is divided into three working parts.

In the absence of support programmes for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region this research set out to design guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme to support HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The literature review revealed that HIV and Aids orphans experience a wide range of support needs. Their psychosocial needs impair normal development due to unhappiness, stress, stigma, discrimination and a lack of care, love and support. In addition to this, emotional needs, which emanate from a lack of security and safety manifest in sadness, disruptive behaviour, poor relationships, poor self-image and isolation. Socio-economic needs expose them to poverty and being vulnerable to child labour with little reward, and deprive them of opportunities to obtain a proper education. All the above-mentioned problems lead to educational needs that manifest in poor school attendance, poor concentration, learning breakdown and dropping out of school. In addition to this, physical needs that stem from malnutrition caused by poverty and a low standard of living have an impact on the physical growth and health of the HIV and Aids orphans. In order to find out whether the abovementioned discussion holds true for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region, qualitative, phenomenological research by means of structured individual interviews was conducted with a convenient and purposive sample of 43 Black HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The focus of the interviews was to gain a better understanding of the support needs that these learners experience due to HIV and Aids, and to explore how they are supported in dealing with these needs. The empirical research revealed that the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region who took part in my study experience psychosocial, emotional, socio-economic, educational and physical needs. Many of the needs, in the absence of strong community-based support in the region, are not supported adequately. Despite the identified needs, the data revealed strong tenets of resilience among the participants who took part in the study. In contrast to the literature, the findings of my study revealed that a number of the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region apparently manage to establish good social relationships that help them cope with their problems. Furthermore, they aspire to obtain a good quality education and have ambitions and goals in terms of their future careers that they would like to achieve. Based on the literature review and the interview data, guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme for the HIV and Aids orphaned learners in the Fezile Dabi Region were designed. / PhD, Learner support, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

In the absence of support programmes for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region this research set out to design guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme to support HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The literature review revealed that HIV and Aids orphans experience a wide range of support needs. Their psychosocial needs impair normal development due to unhappiness, stress, stigma, discrimination and a lack of care, love and support. In addition to this, emotional needs, which emanate from a lack of security and safety manifest in sadness, disruptive behaviour, poor relationships, poor self-image and isolation. Socio-economic needs expose them to poverty and being vulnerable to child labour with little reward, and deprive them of opportunities to obtain a proper education. All the above-mentioned problems lead to educational needs that manifest in poor school attendance, poor concentration, learning breakdown and dropping out of school. In addition to this, physical needs that stem from malnutrition caused by poverty and a low standard of living have an impact on the physical growth and health of the HIV and Aids orphans. In order to find out whether the abovementioned discussion holds true for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region, qualitative, phenomenological research by means of structured individual interviews was conducted with a convenient and purposive sample of 43 Black HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The focus of the interviews was to gain a better understanding of the support needs that these learners experience due to HIV and Aids, and to explore how they are supported in dealing with these needs. The empirical research revealed that the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region who took part in my study experience psychosocial, emotional, socio-economic, educational and physical needs. Many of the needs, in the absence of strong community-based support in the region, are not supported adequately. Despite the identified needs, the data revealed strong tenets of resilience among the participants who took part in the study. In contrast to the literature, the findings of my study revealed that a number of the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region apparently manage to establish good social relationships that help them cope with their problems. Furthermore, they aspire to obtain a good quality education and have ambitions and goals in terms of their future careers that they would like to achieve. Based on the literature review and the interview data, guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme for the HIV and Aids orphaned learners in the Fezile Dabi Region were designed. / PhD, Learner support, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

Ce doctorat trouve son origine dans la compréhension des prises de décision et des comportements collectifs des animaux. Comment ces derniers parviennent-ils à effectuer des choix collectivement ?Comment les membres d’un groupe procèdent-ils pour synchroniser leurs comportements spatialement et temporellement ?Mon principal objectif a été de dégager, lors des déplacements collectifs et du fur rubbing chez le capucin moine, les évènements décisionnels dépendants de processus anonymes de ceux dépendants de processus liés à l’identité des individus et à leur réseau de relations sociales au sein du groupe. Dans les prises de décision collective relatives aux déplacements, les membres du groupe sont influencés dans leurs choix par leur identité sociale mais aussi par des mécanismes anonymes, de type mimétique. Le fur rubbing est également un comportement collectif dont les mécanismes sous-jacents incluent une dépendance interindividuelle de type mimétique. Des mécanismes similaires mettant en jeu des interactions entre individus basées sur des règles comportementales simples se retrouvent dans chacun des phénomènes collectifs étudiés. Ces résultats sont les premiers à démontrer l’émergence de prises de décision collective à partir de telles interactions anonymes dans un groupe de primates non humains. Ils permettent de faire le lien entre choix individuels et comportement collectif et de mieux concevoir comment un groupe de primates peut se coordonner, maintenir sa cohésion spatiale et synchroniser ses activités./How do animals reach collective consensus? How do group members spatially and temporally synchronise their behaviour? My main purpose was to demonstrate the respective roles of anonymous processes (contagion, mimetism) and individual-dependent processes (hierarchical rank, age, sex, kin, social relationships) in collective decision-making. During decision-making relating to collective movements, group members’ decisions depend on their social identity (individual-dependent mechanism) as well as anonymous processes. Fur rubbing is also a collective behaviour involving interindividual dependence with mimetic underlying mechanisms. We found similar mechanisms, involving interindividual interactions according to simple behavioural rules, in both collective phenomenon studied. These results are the first to demonstrate the emergence of collective decision-making based on anonymous interactions in a group of non human primates. They help to understand the link between individual choices and collective behaviour and to appreciate how a social group of primates maintain its spatial cohesion and synchronize its activities. / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis describes design gallery of aviation technology and traditions at the airport in Brno Part of my thesis is focused on urban solution of area layout its interconnections with near districts “Komín“ and “Medlánky“. There is new pedestrian, cycling paths, operational and logistic roads inside the complex layout. This design supposed to keep the two existing historic hangars and demolishing remaining buildings with subsequent completion of necessary objects. Priority and the main idea is to keep compositional and visual axis to ensure visual contact with all airport operational parts to ease of orientation. According to this principle is mass and platform solved with object “gallery”. This object in addition to the exhibition space is also used for administration and operation department of the gallery. In separate part there is ensured catering in form of restaurant with associated technical, operational and sanitary facilities. The gallery is designed to visually and physically separate section used by pilots and airport vehicles from visitors to avoid dangerous situation. Other buildings I have designed in my project are “the clubhouse”, airport administration, emergency accommodation, social activity space mainly designed for aircraft-model pilots and the air traffic control tower. These objects creates border between premises restricted for aero club and visitors.

This diploma thesis is dealing with a construction and technological project of the backgrounds and changing rooms of the sports centre in Velké Meziříčí. An engineering report of the construction and technological project, a suggested plan of transport routes and a time and financial plan for all the building facilities are included. With a realization study of the main technological phases, a site equipment project and a suggested list of the main construction vehicles and mechanisms is being dealt in another part of the thesis. In addition to these there is a time plan of the main construction object, an itemized budget, a time deployment of machines and workers and a plan for securing all the material resources needed. An engineering report for assembling prewalls from fair-faced concrete plus a design of a systemic formwork follow. More detailed engineering report of a Spiroll ceiling panels’ assembly is part of the inspection and test plan. Last but not least, an OSH plan for installation works with a mobile crane and a noise study can also be found in this thesis.