The history of rhetorics in documentary film is a long one. The French brothers Louise and Auguste Lumiére were among the first persons who produced a documentary and their work has had a big impression in the history of documentary during the 1900 century. John Grierson has been called “the father” of documentary film. He produced films in the English speaking part of the world and he is the founder of the concept “documentary film”. Propaganda filming has a big part in the history of documentary film. Most frequently it appeard in Germany before and during the secound WW II, but propaganda films has been produced in Great Britain and USA as well as in other parts of the world. Rhetorics are of current interest today. It effects the news, papers, magazines, books and movies. The purpose with this essay is to investigate the rhetorics in Michael Moores controversial documentary of September 11th, Fahrenheit 9/11. The main question is: what rhetorical tools does Michael Moore use in order to communicate his politcal message in Fahrenheit 9/11? The rhetorical analysis includes exordium, narratio, propsitio, argumentatio and conclusio as well as ethos, logos and pathos. In order to conduct the analysis I have used Kurt Johannesson’s book Retorik eller konsten att övertyga, Maria Karlberg and Brigitte Mral’s book Heder och påverkan. Att analysera modern retorik. And at last a chapter by Brigitte Mral named Retorikanalys in the book Metoder i kommunikationeverenskap, by Mats Ekström and Larsåke Larsson. For the background about the history of documentary film I have used Barsam M. Richard, Nonfiction Film A Critical History and Bjørn Sørenssen’s book Å fange virkeligheten –Dokumentarfilmens århundre.The analysis shows that Moore uses different rhetorical tools in order to point out that George W Bush is the wrong man for the role as the president of United States of America. Some of the most effective tools that Moores uses are his own voice, pictures who awakes emotions, recordings and sharp arguments. His way of using ethos, logos and pathos is very clear. The disposal can also be distinct discern, however there are some exceptions towards the classical rhetoric. One example is that Moore doesn´t describe the arrangement of the movie in exordium.

Este trabalho analisa o Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury e o de François Truffaut, em sua proposição de utilizar a oralidade (discurso oral) como forma de manutenção do literário e resistência à imposição e à censura ideológica. Efetua também uma análise comparatista das Utopias Negativas do século XX (obras Distópicas). Ao longo deste projeto, é feita uma análise do surgimento da escrita (alfabético-fonética), e sua estreita relação com o discurso oral. Tenta-se reproduzir a trajetória traçada pelo discurso oral, passando pelo desenvolvimento da tecnologia escrita, assim como a produção cultural tanto no meio oral quanto no escrito, junto com suas conseqüências e influências sobre pensamento humano. Da oralidade dos poemas homéricos à oralidade advinda com o desenvolvimento de aparelhos eletrônicos como o telefone, que, em plena modernidade, voltam a valorizar o discurso oral. Neste projeto a oralidade é vista como algo cíclico. / This thesis analyses Ray Bradbury’s and François Truffaut’s Fahrenheit 451, in their proposal of using the oral discourse as a way of maintenance of the literacy as well as resistance to ideological imposition and censorship. It also brings a comparative analysis of the Negative Utopias of the twentieth century (Distopic Literature), along with the rise of writing (alphabetic-phonetic writing), and its close relation to oral discourse. It tries to reproduce the path trailed by oral discourse, passing through the development of writing technology, as well as the cultural production both in the oral and in the writing media, along with its consequences and influences to human thought. From Homer’s oral poems to the oral discourse emerged with the development of electronic devices such as the telephone, which enhance oral discourse in modern times. In this project oral discourse is seen as something cyclical.

Este trabalho analisa o Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury e o de François Truffaut, em sua proposição de utilizar a oralidade (discurso oral) como forma de manutenção do literário e resistência à imposição e à censura ideológica. Efetua também uma análise comparatista das Utopias Negativas do século XX (obras Distópicas). Ao longo deste projeto, é feita uma análise do surgimento da escrita (alfabético-fonética), e sua estreita relação com o discurso oral. Tenta-se reproduzir a trajetória traçada pelo discurso oral, passando pelo desenvolvimento da tecnologia escrita, assim como a produção cultural tanto no meio oral quanto no escrito, junto com suas conseqüências e influências sobre pensamento humano. Da oralidade dos poemas homéricos à oralidade advinda com o desenvolvimento de aparelhos eletrônicos como o telefone, que, em plena modernidade, voltam a valorizar o discurso oral. Neste projeto a oralidade é vista como algo cíclico. / This thesis analyses Ray Bradbury’s and François Truffaut’s Fahrenheit 451, in their proposal of using the oral discourse as a way of maintenance of the literacy as well as resistance to ideological imposition and censorship. It also brings a comparative analysis of the Negative Utopias of the twentieth century (Distopic Literature), along with the rise of writing (alphabetic-phonetic writing), and its close relation to oral discourse. It tries to reproduce the path trailed by oral discourse, passing through the development of writing technology, as well as the cultural production both in the oral and in the writing media, along with its consequences and influences to human thought. From Homer’s oral poems to the oral discourse emerged with the development of electronic devices such as the telephone, which enhance oral discourse in modern times. In this project oral discourse is seen as something cyclical.

Este trabalho analisa o Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury e o de François Truffaut, em sua proposição de utilizar a oralidade (discurso oral) como forma de manutenção do literário e resistência à imposição e à censura ideológica. Efetua também uma análise comparatista das Utopias Negativas do século XX (obras Distópicas). Ao longo deste projeto, é feita uma análise do surgimento da escrita (alfabético-fonética), e sua estreita relação com o discurso oral. Tenta-se reproduzir a trajetória traçada pelo discurso oral, passando pelo desenvolvimento da tecnologia escrita, assim como a produção cultural tanto no meio oral quanto no escrito, junto com suas conseqüências e influências sobre pensamento humano. Da oralidade dos poemas homéricos à oralidade advinda com o desenvolvimento de aparelhos eletrônicos como o telefone, que, em plena modernidade, voltam a valorizar o discurso oral. Neste projeto a oralidade é vista como algo cíclico. / This thesis analyses Ray Bradbury’s and François Truffaut’s Fahrenheit 451, in their proposal of using the oral discourse as a way of maintenance of the literacy as well as resistance to ideological imposition and censorship. It also brings a comparative analysis of the Negative Utopias of the twentieth century (Distopic Literature), along with the rise of writing (alphabetic-phonetic writing), and its close relation to oral discourse. It tries to reproduce the path trailed by oral discourse, passing through the development of writing technology, as well as the cultural production both in the oral and in the writing media, along with its consequences and influences to human thought. From Homer’s oral poems to the oral discourse emerged with the development of electronic devices such as the telephone, which enhance oral discourse in modern times. In this project oral discourse is seen as something cyclical.

This project discusses the ways in which Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 functions as an indictment of media culture. While many analyses of the novel focus on the text’s sweeping themes of literary censorship, this study instead centers on Bradbury’s depiction of media—particularly television—culture and the ways in which Bradbury feared it could be harmful. Although Bradbury wrote about a future society a century beyond his own, his novel serves as a remarkable reflection of his contemporaneous culture’s media consumption and gendered divisions; this thesis discusses Bradbury’s novel alongside such forces, considering the effects such influences may have had on his work.

Esta dissertação busca analisar como o romance Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury lida com seu contexto histórico e qual é a resolução simbólica sugerida para o problema por ele apontado. Para tanto, traçaremos paralelos entre o cenário político-social da sociedade fictícia do romance e os Estados Unidos entre 1945 até 1953, data de sua publicação oficial. / The purpose of this research is to analyze how the novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, deals with its historical context and which is the symbolic resolution suggested for the issues noted. Therefore, parallels will be drawn between the political-social scene described in its fictional society and that of the United States from 1945 until 1953, the novels official publication date.

Esta dissertação busca analisar como o romance Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury lida com seu contexto histórico e qual é a resolução simbólica sugerida para o problema por ele apontado. Para tanto, traçaremos paralelos entre o cenário político-social da sociedade fictícia do romance e os Estados Unidos entre 1945 até 1953, data de sua publicação oficial. / The purpose of this research is to analyze how the novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, deals with its historical context and which is the symbolic resolution suggested for the issues noted. Therefore, parallels will be drawn between the political-social scene described in its fictional society and that of the United States from 1945 until 1953, the novels official publication date.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This document offers scholarly researchers, students and general readers a reliable, genealogically-based descriptive bibliography of all U.S. and British publications of Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 (1953). The driving force behind this thesis is the desire to preserve, catalog, describe and archive a work of literature that has stood the test of time and continues to be an influential milestone of American culture well into the twenty-first century.

This thesis studies Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 using Critical Discourse Analysis as the primary tool. It argues that the narrative develops through the supporting characters’ actions, and the different societal discourses of hegemony, otherness and class struggle they represent. Basing the analysis on Althusserian and Gramscian ideas and discussing citizen’s transformation from subjects to individuals, this study concludes that although a subject may be power-less and wary, it is by learning to act through being given information through discourse that personal development occurs.

In 1953 Ray Bradbury wrote the novel Fahrenheit 451. The plot is set in a fictional, North American future. This essay aims to show that what is considered normal regarding fundamental values such as knowledge, love, and respect in this imaginary future society is different from what was considered normal in North America in the 1950s when Bradbury wrote the book. The norms differ to such an extent that it is possible to claim that Fahrenheit 451 is set in a new episteme. Episteme is a term used by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It designates a time in which society has an underlying understanding of what is considered normal. According to Michel Foucault, the year 1953 when Bradbury wrote the book, belonged to the episteme of Modernity. This essay aims to illustrate that in the future fictional society of Fahrenheit 451, the norm regarding some aspects of the culture has changed to the extent that there is reason to call the era a new episteme, and that a proper name would be the episteme of Ignorance. This name signals the lack of regard for knowledge in the society of Fahrenheit 451. This essay's analytical tools are Michel Foucault’s terms, theories, and concepts.  Keywords: Episteme, Michel Foucault, Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451, knowledge, ignorance, norms, power.