Nine Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) were radio-tagged in northern California during the spring and summer of 1976 and 1977 to study foraging behavior. The mean home range size for 3 males was 227.8 km²; largest portions of the home range were used during the incubation period. Shifts in foraging areas and prey species were associated with the hatching of young falcons. Falcons flew a mean distance of 7.2 km from nest sites to foraging areas. The mean time falcons spent foraging per day was 1.4 hr. Mean attack distance between falcons and prey was 424 m. Males flew shorter attack distances and, on the average, made fewer foraging attempts than females. Three calculations yielded an average of about 3.0 foraging attempts per kill and, overall, 25% of all foraging attempts were successful. Falcons chose areas of low, sparse vegetation for foraging. Mammalian prey, specifically the Belding's ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi), predominated in the diet. Six methods of attacking prey were used by falcons but the low course flight was most frequently observed. / Graduation date: 1983

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2003.

Inaug.-Diss.--Würzburg. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Würzburg. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

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Thesis advisor: Marilynn Johnson / This dissertation is a study of how the pursuit, advent, and popular response to professional sports in Atlanta both shaped and reflected the region’s evolving political and consumer culture during the 1960s and 1970s. It examines the concerted effort by municipal elites during this time period to acquire professional sports franchises for their city and its environs. Atlanta’s leadership succeeded at luring four major professional sports franchises to Atlanta in a six-year period (1966-1972) by securing significant public and private investments in two playing facilities in the Central Business District (CBD). Scholars of the economic history of professional sports describe the increasing geographic mobility of the major leagues in the post-World War II era as “franchise free agency.” Atlanta took advantage of this expanding market by making civic investments in two playing venues as a means of attracting franchises. This dissertation analyzes how the emerging metropolis’ negotiation of “franchise free agency” reshaped the culture, public policy, and urban planning of Atlanta. It shows how Atlanta provided a model employed by future Sunbelt cities as they pursued professional teams of their own, often luring clubs from Rust Belt cities with similarly lucrative offers of public support. This dissertation proceeds to analyze the response to professional sports in Metropolitan Atlanta in the decade after it achieved major league status. The city’s elites assumed that residents would embrace the teams and transform their tony playing facilities into twin focal points of leisure and communal pride. Instead, Atlantans from all of the region’s racial, socio-economic, and residential clusters responded apathetically to the teams. The collective shrug with which Atlantans reacted to their new franchises demonstrated the growing cultural divergence which characterized life in the booming Sunbelt center over the course of the 1960s and 1970s. In subsequent decades, civic elites in other rapidly growing Sunbelt centers believed, like their predecessors in Atlanta, that municipal investments in professional sports would provide their communities with a wellspring of unity and prestige. Residents of these metropolitan areas responded to their new stadiums and teams in the 1980s and 1990s with an apathy similar to that of Atlantans toward their teams during the 1960s and 1970s. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Feathers is a young adult novel about two knucklehead boys and a summer of mischief they share. Boots and Gopher, the two principal characters in Feathers, are twelve-year old boys who are fascinated by a loft of racing pigeons kept by a peculiar man living on the edge of their small town. The fascination leads them to steal a few pairs of pigeons in hopes of generating their own loft. Their plan is to release the adult pigeons back to the man's loft while Boots and Gopher keep the babies. In stealing the pigeons, they discover the man also houses falcons and hawks. Gopher becomes obsessed with falcons and begins a study of falconry. The obsession overrides better judgment and federal law, and the boys also steal a small kestrel falcon. They don't realize the gravity of the situation until a "wanted" poster is put up at the local feed store letting people know that a federal law has been broken. The story continues with the resolution of this conflict and the relationship that is developed between the young men and the old falconer. It is a story about consequences of seemingly simple acts; it also explores relationships between the boys and their parents, and between the boys and an unlikely mentor.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit zwei Methoden zur Diagnostik der Aspergillose bei Greifvögeln, um neue Erkenntnisse über die Aussagekraft dieser nicht invasiven Diagnostika zu gewinnen. In der ersten Studie wurden bei ausschließlich Aspergillose-positiven Falken (Falco spp.) (n = 110) spezifische Röntgenzeichen an digital erstellten Röntgenbildern systematisch ermittelt und mit den typischen Röntgenzeichen von Papageien mit Erkrankungen des unteren Respirationstrakts verglichen. In der zweiten Studie wurden gesunde (n = 73) und an Aspergillose erkrankte (n = 32) Jagdfalken (Falco spp.) mittels Serumelektrophorese untersucht, Referenzwerte für die gesunden Falken erstellt und mit den Werten der erkrankten Falken verglichen. In beiden Studien stammten die Tiere aus dem Patientengut derselben Klinik. Bei der Auswertung von Röntgenbildern Aspergillose-positiver Falken wurden hauptsächlich subtile Röntgenzeichen beschrieben. Von den 110 Tieren waren 29 (26,4 %) radiologisch vollkommen unauffällig. Die am häufigsten beschriebenen Befunde waren inhomogene Verschattungen des Lungenfeldes (38,2 % laterolateral [ll]) und strichförmige Verschattungen der kaudalen Lungengrenze (30,0 % ll) sowie inhomogene (34,5 % ll; 29,1 % ventrodorsal [vd]) und streifige (26,4 % ll) Verschattungen der Luftsäcke, aber auch eine schlechte Abgrenzbarkeit des Herzschattens in der laterolateralen Projektion (42,7 %). Im Vergleich zu an Papageien mittels konventioneller Projektionsradiographie durchgeführten Studien war der Anteil an subtilen Röntgenzeichen geringer und der Anteil an massiven Röntgenzeichen größer. Verglichen mit Referenzwerten diverser Greifvogelspezies aus der Literatur zeigten die Referenzwerte der gesunden Falken dieser Studie unter Verwendung des hochauflösenden Elektrophoresesystems SAS 1 unit (Helena, Saint Leu La Forest, Frankreich) relativ niedrige Gesamtproteinwerte und relativ hohe Präalbuminwerte auf. Bei den 32 Serumproben der an Aspergillose erkrankten Falken ließ sich im Gegensatz zu den 73 Serumproben der gesunden Falken ein signifikant erniedrigter Totalalbuminwert (Albumin + Präalbumin) sowie ein hoch signifikant erniedrigter Präalbuminwert mittels Serumelektrophorese feststellen. Obwohl die Falken meist schon in frühen Krankheitsstadien vorgestellt wurden und die Diagnostik in diesen Stadien besonders schwierig ist, konnten mit beiden Untersuchungsmethoden von gesunden Tieren differierende Befunde erhoben werden. Diese in Zusammenhang mit Aspergillose erhobenen Befunde wichen jedoch teilweise deutlich von den in der Literatur beschriebenen „typischen“ Befunden bei an Aspergillose erkrankten Vögeln ab. Dies kann damit erklärt werden, dass die meisten vergleichbaren Studien an als Heimtiere gehaltenen Papageien oder gefangen gehaltenen Zoovögeln (von Falken abweichende Haltungsform, Anatomie und Physiologie sowie Leistungsniveau) und mit unterschiedlicher Technik (digitale versus konventionelle Projektionsradiographie, unterschiedliche Elektrophoresesysteme und Verwendung von Serum anstelle von Plasma) durchgeführt wurden. Die digitale Projektionsradiographie kann aufgrund ihrer schonenden, einfachen und schnellen Durchführbarkeit sowohl den Vogelmedizin spezialisierten Institutionen als auch den Kleintierpraktikern uneingeschränkt empfohlen werden. Die Proteinelektrophorese kann bis zum heutigen Zeitpunkt nur bedingt für den Praktiker, wohl aber für spezialisierte Institutionen bei Beachtung aller Besonderheiten als zusätzliches Diagnostikum empfohlen werden. / The present study concentrates on two methods for diagnosing birds of prey with aspergillosis with the intent to increase the knowledge of the validity of these non-invasive diagnostic methods. In the first study, specific radiographic signs of digitally created radiographs of falcons (Falco spp.) which were exclusively positive for aspergillosis (n = 110) were systematically analyzed and compared to the typical radiographic signs of parrots with diseases of the lower respiratory tract. In the second study, healthy falcons (n = 73) and falcons affected with aspergillosis (n = 32) (Falco spp.) were examined by using serum protein electrophoresis in order to create reference values for healthy falcons and compare them with the values of the affected falcons. In both studies, the animals were patients of the same clinic. While evaluating the radiographs of the falcons with aspergillosis, mainly subtle radiographic signs were described. Radiographically within normal limits were 29 (26.4%) of the 110 animals. The most commonly reported findings were inhomogeneous increased radiodensity of the lung area (38.2% laterolateral [ll]), line-shaped shadowings of the caudal lung border (II 30.0%) as well as an inhomogeneous (34.5% ll, 29.1% ventrodorsal [vd]) and streaky (26.4% II) radiodensity of the air sacs, but also a poor delineation of the cardiac silhouette in the laterolateral projection (42.7%). Compared to studies performed on parrots by conventional radiography, the portion of subtle radiographic signs was lower and the portion of severe signs was higher. Compared to reference values of various raptor species from the literature, this study, which made use of the high-resolution electrophoresis SAS 1 unit (Helena, Saint Leu La Forest, France), revealed relatively low values for total proteins and relatively high values for prealbumin in the reference values of the healthy falcons. The 32 serum samples of the falcons suffering from aspergillosis showed a significantly reduced total albumin (albumin + prealbumin) level and a highly significantly reduced prealbumin level compared to the 73 serum samples of healthy falcons. Although the falcons were for the most part already brought to the clinic in one of the early stages of the disease, when diagnosing aspergillosis is particularly difficult, both examination methods revealed different results for the healthy and diseased animals. However, the findings related to aspergillosis were in some cases significantly different from those described in the literature as the \"typical\" findings in birds suffering from aspergillosis. This can be explained by the fact that most of the comparable studies were conducted with parrots held as pets or with captive zoo birds (when husbandry, anatomy and physiology, as well as performance level are different from falcons) and with a different technique (digital versus conventional radiography, different electrophoresis systems and the use of serum instead of plasma). The digital radiography can be fully recommended for specialized medical institutions for avian medicine as well as for small animal practitioners because of its easy, rapid and gentle feasibility. To date, the protein electrophoresis can only be recommended with restrictions for practitioners, however for specialized institutions, it can be useful as additional diagnostic tool if all its specific features are taken into account.

Lanner Falcons Falco biarmicus are the commonest large falcons in Africa and this study in the coastal area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa investigated their ecology from 1984 to 2000. Lanners have recently been categorised as near-threatened and this study was initiated to ascertain if the population was stable. Breeding success of a small population, in different habitat types, was monitored intensively from 1997 to 2000, and the factors that inhibited breeding were investigated. The earliest onset of incubation was 17 July and the latest 16 August, with 2.2 young fledged per breeding pair over the four-year period. Incubation lasted 32 days and young fledged after 42-45 days. All nest sites were on cliffs with a mean height of 114 m, a mean vertical face of 53 m; 45% of the nests were in ravens’ nests. The aspect of cliff sites also influenced breeding success. Radio tracking was used to determine home range, habitat use and hunting methods, with prey species identified. Home ranges were between 66 km² and 249 km². Preferred prey was domestic chickens, pigeons and small birds during the breeding season. Foraging ranges were smaller in intensively cultivated areas with seed crops. Data obtained from ringing returns showed that no long distance movements occurred in this region, but two juveniles dispersed 152 km and 127 km. Conservation aspects with possible threats to Lanner Falcons such as poisons, electrocutions and direct persecution are discussed with some recommendations made for future research. Evidence from this study indicates that Lanner breeding success is not limited by nest site availability, but by rainfall timing and prey availability. Lanners foraged more in open areas than areas with tall vegetation, and benefited from intensive agriculture. This population appeared to be healthy and in no danger of declining in the near future.

A review of energetics studies of raptorial species introduces four separate studies of temperature regulation by raptors. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nest site selection, as influenced by direction of exposure, is discussed. The data show strong directional preferences to the NNW by southern populations and SSE by northern populations. The tarsometatarsus is shown to have a thermoregulatory function in large falcons, and adaptations of this mechanism to varied habitats are examined. Color phase in Screech Owls (Otus asio) is shown to be related to metabolic differences that may explain the distributions of the color morphs. Development of thermoregulation in Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) is examined.