The purpose of this study is to examine how the global food price crisis 2007-2008 affected poor people in Zambia. The study is supposed to find out how the high world market prices of food were transmitted to Zambia and what impacts the high prices had on the poor people in rural and urban parts of Zambia. The theories that are used in the paper are Amartya Sen’s theory of food entitlement, Henry Bernstein’s writings of poverty and farming and a microeconomic theory of supply and demand. The method that is used is a literature study. The result of the study indicated that poverty increased and poor people suffered welfare losses in Zambia due to the high prices 2007-2008. This very much as a result of that a majority of the poor people are net consumers of food, although ca 70 % of the poor people works in the agricultural sector. Higher prices did not turn out to be an incitement and a possibility for the poor farmers to raise the production. The study shows that small-scale farmers first of all need help to handle other supply-side constraints such as lack of land, information, inputs and credits, before they can increase production according to economic laws.

There are many approach for The study of marine resources and now in Taiwan is a lot of express , but the damage to net-cage by typhoon is cost much money . The most important study in Taiwan is to use new teconology to update the traditional business and get advanture in international.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Lincoln University, 2009. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed January 20, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Georgeanne Artz. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p.57-67).

Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-73). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Plant Production))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Adobe Acrobat Reader needed to open files.

Certified organic farming is developing rapidly world-wide and has become of interest to many farmers, politicians, environmentalists and governments and is practised now in nearly all countries of the world. However, adoption of certified organic farming is not an easy option for farmers and it carries with it several barriers such as technical, economic, social, cultural or legal. The Jordanian Government is interested in proposing organic farming to farmers, but without initially investigating whether or not organic farming will be a suitable system for farmers. Therefore, this research is based on the need to investigate the main barriers and to evaluate opportunities and potential for organic farming in Jordan’s arid lands and to propose an adoption model based on local farmer participation, using farmers’ local knowledge and their initiative, as well as institutional participation. To do so, a two-stage research methodology was employed in this research to gain the necessary data during two periods of fieldwork, April to September 2004 and July to September 2005. During this fieldwork, interviews with 46 farmers using an open questionnaire and interviews with discussion groups and government officials were conducted to investigate barriers and potential for organic farming in Jordan. Also, a national workshop was conducted attended by the Minister of Agriculture and stakeholders to evaluate and to ensure the sustainability of the proposed model. Respondents reported that the main barriers to adopting organic farming included perception, technical, nutrient availability, cultural/social, marketing, economic, institutional, lack of national regulation and lack of information and advice, but that labour was not a barrier. Findings also showed that despite barriers the area has potential for organic production owing to its extensive area, good water quality, potential farmers and international agreements. Based on the results obtained from this research, a suitable organic farming model for Jordan, and other countries having similar conditions, was developed. The model is divided into four levels: government, field, academic and regional and international, and the role of each level and its relationship with other levels is explained. The research shows that the success of this model with delivery of its objectives does not rely on the work of only the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) or any other single body, but on everyone involved in the provision of organic farming in Jordan. Moreover, the model suggests a potential framework for an action plan on the subject of Jordan and organic farming. Also the methodology developed in this research is considered to be a great help for future researchers wanting to conduct research on organic farming or research related to sustainable agricultural development in the developing world context.

This report analyzes the success factors of small farms, as defined by the amount of acreage in farming, the market value of agricultural products sold, and the number of small farms, in rural California Counties. These data are then compared with the location of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs in the study counties and examined to see if there are greater successes in the counties with higher CSA involvement. While CSAs are more abundant in successful agriculture counties, these programs are not responsible for all successes and are rather one component in a larger consumer movement toward sustainable agriculture and local food options. / text

Nitrogen (N) cycling involves the gains, losses, and transformations of N from sources such as soil organic matter, crop residues, and fertilizers. These sources are the primary N supplies potentially available to non-leguminous crops. Through the use of a stable N isotope tracer (¹⁵N), transformations among various soil N pools can be studied. We conducted three separate studies using ¹⁵N. Two studies dealt with methodologies of ¹⁵N use and analysis, while the third study investigated mineralization of ¹⁵N labeled crop residues under field conditions. The first study evaluated a new apparatus for applying ¹⁵N by fertigation to subplots under buried drip irrigation. We determined that this method was an effective means of uniformly applying tracers using buried drip irrigation. The second study evaluated a new method for fine-grinding soils based on particle size distribution and variability of organic N and ¹⁵N analyses. Soils of varying texture were rapidly ground to achieve acceptable analytical precision for N and ¹⁵N analysis. The objectives of the third experiment were to: (i) evaluate mineralization of inorganic N from ¹⁵N -labeled crop residues with different C/N ratios and at different loading rates and (ii) evaluate the influence of residue loading rate and type on the percent net mineralization from ¹⁵N-labeled crop residues in a basin irrigated wheat cropping system in Southern Arizona. Mineralization of crop residues in this hyperthermic soil was rapid and was often followed by periods of re-immobilization. Net end-of-season mineralization of residue N was 30-50% for lettuce, and 30-40% for wheat.