Communities in the Sahel region are confronted with problems such as depletion of soil fertility, food insecurity, and climate change, which exacerbate poverty and malnutrition for the inhabitants. The farmlands in Toukar, Senegal, are rapidly denuded of native trees, mainly Acacia albida, that provide myriad benefits. Agroforestry systems, or the intentional use of trees in croplands, have become a potential vehicle to transform the capacities of subsistence farmers to achieve food security. The purpose of this study is to determine farmers' attitudes about agroforestry, who seems to practice it and support it, who is unsure about its values, and who seems opposed to it. I find that farmers who practice a more intact historic version of the Serer farming system are the most supportive of agroforestry and tend to be wealthier, while people who are seemingly more modern are less likely to adopt it and tend to be poorer.

Magistro darbe yra nagrinėjama viena iš aplinką bei išteklius tausojančių ūkininkavimo sistemų - tai ekologinis žemės ūkis. Ateities žemės ūkio sistemos pagrindiniai tikslai - subalansuotai spręsti ekologinius, socialinius ir ekonominius klausimus ir įgyvendinti tausojamojo ūkininkavimo principus. Išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių literatūros šaltiniai. Išsamiau analizuojamos Ekologinių ūkių plėtros galimybės ir perspektyvos ES. Įvertinti Ekologinio ūkininkavimo pokyčiai. Atliktas tyrimas su vartotojais, skirtas nustatyti ekologinių produktų rinką. / Master’s degree work considers one of the farming system which is saving environment and resources i.e. agricultural economy. The main purposes of the system of the future agricultural economy’s are to work on ecological, social and economical problems and to implement principles of saving farming. In master’s degree work there are analised and systematized sources of different lithuanian and foreign literature authors. There are more properly analised possibilities and perspectives of ecological economy development in UE. There are also appreciated changes of ecological farming. The research which is accomplished with users is designed to set the market of ecological products.