The paper will be devoted to the problem of land division between Greek citizens in ancient Greece from the theoretical and practical point of view. The focus will be especially in the researches documenting the development of rural regions of the Crimean peninsula ( Chersonesos, Panskoe,...), Taman peninsula and south Italy (Metapont). It will try to find parallels but also to show the regional differences between these areas. As the work covers also agriculture it will include the results of paleobotanical, archeozoological and palynological research, too. Keywords farms, agriculture, Greece, Greek colonies

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 B47 / Master of Science

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning in the Department of Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, October 1991. / Co-operative development had been reestablished in newly independent African countries in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The failure of many co-operatives especially the production co-operatives, has resulted in a decreasing interest. The less spectacular forms like rural service co-operatives or credit and savings co-operatives did not attract the same research initiatives and interests as producer co-operatives despite the fact that rural service co-operatives have played a considerable economic, social and political role in many African countries (Hedlund, 1988). Rural service co-operatives in South Africa have been initiated by the farmers and/or government. All too often they ended up, both cases alike, being run by the government. Direct state control is unlikey to facilitate a creative environment in the local community or in a local community institution. / AC2017

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano / Banca: Antonio Lazaro Sant'Ana / Banca: Neli Cristina Belmiro dos Santos / Resumo: O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) é recente, iniciado em 2003 passou por várias alterações pelo governo federal, procurando assegurar o direito humano à alimentação adequada àqueles com dificuldades ao seu acesso. Este trabalho objetiva analisar o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos na modalidade compra com doação simultânea, para os agricultores familiares do Assentamento Estrela da Ilha, em Ilha Solteira-SP. Foram entrevistados os presidentes das associações existentes no assentamento Estrela da Ilha, participantes do Programa, os agricultores familiares e as entidades beneficiadas. A implantação do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos no Assentamento Estrela da Ilha é um marco importante, pois passou a estimular a participação dos agricultores familiares na produção e diversificação das atividades. Em 2012 e 2014, as quantidades entregues de legumes, hortaliças, frutas e outros produtos cresceram 34%, no total foram comercializados 652.789 kg de produtos. A maior diversificação de produtos verificada favoreceu as entidades beneficiadas, que consideram relevante o Programa, por proporcionar melhoria na qualidade do cardápio, variação de alimentos com maior valor nutricional, além de economia de recursos financeiros nas despesas com alimentos. Esta pesquisa apontou também dificuldades enfrentadas pelas duas associações do Assentamento: Terra e Vida e Sol Nascente, na prestação de contas á Conab o que levou a um atraso no recebimento dos valores pelos produtos. No geral os agricultores familiares avaliam positivamente os resultados obtidos, principalmente em função da garantia da venda de seus produtos. Verificou-se também que as associações pretendem ampliar a produção e sugerem aumento na cota anual que cada produtor pode fornecer ao Programa. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que o PAA tem colaborado com o fortalecimento dos agricultores familiares,... / Abstract: The Food Acquisition Program (PAA) is recent, begun in 2003, has undergone several changes by the federal government, seeking to ensure the human right to adequate food to people with difficulties to access to PAA. This paper presents an analysis of the PAA, purchase with simultaneous donation modality, for family farmers of Estrela da Ilha settlement in Ilha Solteira - SP. The presidents of the associations existing in Estrela da Ilha settlement, program participants, family farmers and benefited entities were interviewed. The implementation of the PAA in Estrela da Ilha settlement is an important framework, because they encouraged the participation of small farmers in the production and diversification of activities. From 2012 to 2014 quantities delivered vegetables crops, vegetables, fruits and other increased 34%, in the total 652,789 kg of marketed products. Great variety of vegetables crops, vegetables, fruits and others that were delivered to PAA. This most diversification of products favors to benefited entities, which considers relevant the program, by offering better quality of the menu, changing to food with higher nutritional value, in addition to saving financial resources in expenses with food. This research also pointed difficulties faced by Terra é Vida and Sol Nascente associations, accountability with Conab, leading to a delay in the receipt of values. Overall family farmers positively assesses the results, especially with the guarantee of the sale of its products. It was also verified, the associations intended to increased production and suggest increasing the annual quota that each producer may provide to program. Survey results evidence that the PAA has collaborated with the strengthening of the family farmers, improving food security and the quality of life of everyone involved in the program / Mestre

Orientador: José Luis Bendicho Beired / Banca: Dario Horacio Gutiérrez Gallardo / Banca: Fernando Torres Londoño / Banca: Paulo Cesar Gonçalves / Banca: Lélio Luiz de Oliveira / Resumo: Enquanto o mercado do café expandia-se por vários países europeus e os Estados Unidos, nas áreas de produção entrelaçaram-se redes que envolviam não só o tema do café, mas também o uso da terra para outras atividades locais. Esses espaços representados nas fazendas tornaram- se não só um centro de apropriação do território, mas também na organização de uma rede maior dominante, que combinou as atividades pessoais e familiares com uma relação cada vez mais estreita com as classes políticas líderes tanto a nível local e regional. Esta pesquisa investiga duas regiões situadas no centro de uma vasta área de produção de café, bem como o eixo de confluência de rotas de comércio reconhecidas. O primeiro refere-se à região localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, no espaço que inclui a cidade de Franca (Brasil), caracterizado pela predominância de pequenas e médias fazendas produtoras de café e, em segundo lugar, a área que abrange os municípios de Rionegro e Bucaramanga, no nordeste da Colômbia, onde também coexistiram este tipo de fazendas. Intenta-se mostrar como em cada área de estudo foram refletidas duas dinâmicas diferentes em termos de apropriação e de seleção de redes sociais. Questões a serem analisados a partir de quatro capítulos, cujos elementos se movem a partir do geral para o particular. Em primeiro lugar, se examinam as aproximações e dificuldades durante o ingresso dos dois países no comércio internacional. Em segundo lugar, se descrevem as condições geográficas e econômicas de cada região. Em terceiro lugar, são analisados os grupos familiares e seu controle sobre a terra e as fazendas. Finalmente, estuda-se a fazenda como uma "garantia" para aceder a diversas atividades comerciais / Resumen: Mientras el mercado del café se expandía por los diversos países europeos y por Estados Unidos, en las zonas de producción se entretejían redes que involucraban no sólo el tema del café, sino además el aprovechamiento de las tierras para otras actividades locales. Aquellos espacios representados en las haciendas, se convirtieron no sólo en un eje de apropiación del territorio, sino además en la organización de una red mayor dominante e integradora, que combinó las actividades personales y familiares con la relación cada vez más próxima con las clases políticas dirigentes tanto local como regional. La presente investigación indaga sobre dos regiones ubicadas en el centro de una amplia área de producción cafetera, y en el eje de confluencia de reconocidos trayectos comerciales. El primero de ellos, hace referencia a la región localizada al interior del Estado de São Paulo, en el espacio que comprende el municipio de Franca (Brasil), caracterizado por el predominio de pequeñas y medianas haciendas productoras de café y, en segundo lugar, la zona que abarca los municipios de Rionegro y Bucaramanga, en la región nororiental de Colombia, donde también coexistieron dicho tipo de haciendas. Se intenta demostrar como en cada espacio de estudio se reflejaron dos dinámicas diferentes en cuanto a la apropiación y selección de las redes sociales. Aspectos que serán analizados a partir de cuatro capítulos, cuyos elementos se mueven de lo general a lo particular. Primero, se examinan los acercamientos y dificultades durante el ingreso de los dos países en el comercio internacional. En el segundo lugar, se describen las condiciones geográficas y económicas de cada región. En tercer lugar, se analizan los grupos familiares y su control sobre las tierras y las haciendas. Finalmente, se estudia la hacienda como una "garantía" de acceso a diversas actividades comerciales / Doutor

Orientador: Antonio Lázaro Sant'Ana / Banca: Maria Aparecida A. Tarsitano / Banca: Leonardo de Barros Pinto / Resumo: Os agricultores familiares encontram muitas dificuldades de inserção em um modelo de produção agropecuária altamente tecnificado e competitivo. Para contornar tais desafios o agricultor busca diversas estratégias para se sustentar no mercado, como o processamento artesanal de produtos alimentícios de origem agropecuária. Com a transformação ou outros procedimentos de agregação de valor, o agricultor obtém um produto diferenciado que pode melhorar a renda, e resgatar tradições familiares quase esquecidas, por conta da industrialização crescente, como o preparo de doces, queijos, requeijões, pães e outros produtos, embora sejam atividades que esbarram em uma série de exigências legais. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa objetivou realizar um estudo nos assentamentos rurais Santa Maria da Lagoa e Estrela da Ilha, no município de Ilha Solteira/SP, visando traçar uma caracterização geral das famílias e dos lotes pesquisados, conhecer as estratégias da atividade de agregação de valor utilizadas pelos produtores, as formas de processamento, as instalações e os principais produtos agropecuários utilizados; verificar as formas de comercialização dos produtos; investigar a origem dos conhecimentos utilizados para realizar o processamento dos produtos; avaliar a importância econômica, para a família, desses processos de agregação de valor e verificar possíveis relações diferenciais em termos de gênero relacionadas ao processamento dos produtos. A execução da pesquisa permitiu verificar que a participação das mulheres é majoritária. Quanto aos produtos beneficiados pelos agricultores pesquisados constatou-se que os derivados lácteos são os de maior representatividade, com predominância da comercialização direta (no estabelecimento do produtor, na residência do consumidor e em feiras livres). O conhecimento utilizado no processamento dos alimentos, na grande maioria dos casos, é de origem familiar... / Abstract: The family farmers encounter many difficulties of insertion in a livestock production model highly technified and competitive. To circumvent these challenges the grower quest different strategies to sustain the market, as the artisanal processing food products of agricultural origin. With the processing or others value adding procedures the grower obtains a differentiated product, by improving the income, and rescuing almost forgotten family traditions, due to the increasing industrialization, such as the preparation of sweets, cheeses, curd cheese, bread and other products, even though they are activities that are hindered by a series of legal demands. In this context, the present study aimed to conduct a study in the rural settlements Santa Maria da Lagoa and Estrela da Ilha, municipality of Ilha Solteira / SP, aiming to trace a general characterization of families and search properties, to know the strategies of value adding activity used by producers, the forms of processing, the installations and the main agricultural products used; verify the forms of marketing the products; investigate the the origin of the knowledge used to carry trough processing of the products; evaluate the economic importance, for the family, of these value adding processes; and verify possible differences in terms of gender relations related to the processing of products. The execution of research allowed to verify that the women's participation is the majority. For the benefited products by the farmers surveyed it found that dairy products are the most representative, with predominance of direct commercialization (at the producing establishment, in the consumer's residence and in street fair), the knowledge used in food processing, in the large majority of cases, is the of family origin (intergenerational), and only a few have sought technical improvement. The facilities for the manufacture of the product, in the almost all cases, it is the very ... / Mestre

Thesis (M.Ed)--University of Limpopo,2009. / This report describes the research carried out at both the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project established at Newlands village (Mashashane), of Polokwane Municipality of the Capricorn region of Limpopo Province in South Africa. This research is about the sustainability of projects in Limpopo Province of South Africa. For this purpose, the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project is the case of this study. The study aimed at evaluating the sustainability of the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project, so as to make authorities aware of the difficulties experienced in sustaining projects, and to highlight those factors that make projects succeed. The following research questions were formulated for this study: • What are the critical factors that determine sustainability of projects? • What can be the role of adult education in this project? The intention of this study was to investigate why most projects collapse; and what kept the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project to exist for such a long time. In Chapter 2 of this study, I formulated assumptions about the sustainability of projects. I suggested certain factors to be considered for the purpose of sustaining a project. My assumptions were needs analysis; organising people; communication; competition; management; deliverables; lack of skills; ability to plan; project ownership and participation; the role of the government; and time table (schedule). In Chapter 3, the methodology is outlined. This study followed the qualitative approach. Instruments used for the collection of data are also explained. I discussed the main learning area, outlined the difficulties in carrying out the research activities and concluded the chapter by the model of data matrix. In Chapter 4 of this study, findings from Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project are outlined, based on documents, interviews and observations of activities of the project. I formulated variables informed by Chapter 2 of this study. I report on the setting of the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery Project. In Chapter 5, I have outlined conclusions based on the study. The suggested points about a good project are tabled. Inclusive of the challenges faced by the Mashashane Breeder Farms and Hatchery project are, namely: mortality; infertility; no income period; and education and training of employees. In Chapter 6, I have given recommendations for this study. Some of the recommendations specifically for this project are, namely: more projects should be established to address unemployment and poverty; feedback should be given to employees; communication should be reciprocal, prior work experience be recognised; adult education should be introduced for employees to upgrade their skills and develop some; workshops should be arranged to improve lives of employees; and increasing production and competition is to be encouraged at all levels (internally and externally).

To complement the Inabanga Watershed Project (BSWM, 2005), the study reported here was conducted to assess erosion and water resources degradation focussed on the Upper Inabanga Watershed using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) erosion model and geographic information system and GIS tools. The study was divided into two sections. The first section was the assessment of the impact of land uses and farm management practices using five runoff experimental plots and two watersheds. The second section of the study was an application of the WEPP and GeoWEPP erosion models. Except for most of the crop management parameters, local climate, soil and topographic parameters were determined and used as inputs to run the model. The WEPP-GeoWEPP watershed simulations predicted that any increase in agricultural areas increased on-site soil loss and sediment yield from the watershed. / Master of Science (Hons)

This thesis contributes to the established literature on farm women within the context of family farming. It recognises that not enough is yet known about the discourses and agency which influence their lives. Consequently, this study has sought to establish what dominant discourses shape the lives of farm women, their responses to these discourses and how their discursive positioning influences their agency. This study employed a qualitative case study approach involving interviews with a diverse mixture of independent farm women, along with women farming in marital relationships. This thesis engages these narratives to showcase the colourful, complex life-experiences of farm women. In addition, and where present, women�s partners were interviewed to provide male farmers� perspectives about women in family farming. This research has found that women�s lives are shaped by positioning and contextualising discourses, with which they comply to ensure that the family farm survives. Their subservient discursive positioning limits the agency they can express, although they are able to mobilise indirect agency through supporting their partner; an implicit form of agency which has previously been unrecognised or understated. Cumulatively, this thesis highlights the need to recognise the diversity of farm women, and how they are able to exercise agency from their constrained subject positions within the family farming context. Furthermore it emphasises that agency is a dynamic, and far more varied concept than previously understood.