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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Din?mica populacional das moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e introdu??o de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) para controle da praga na regi?o norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Population dinamic of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and introduction of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the pest in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State.

Leal, Michela Rocha 21 July 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Michela Rocha Leal.pdf: 1770488 bytes, checksum: ff08296ce37cf068a0dc9d932b804f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The government of Rio de Janeiro State is encouraging the expansion of fruit crops in the northern region of the State. However, data about ecological aspects of these insects necessary to their suitable management are not available for this region. With the introduction of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Brazil, open the perspective of biological control of theses flies. In this context, the present work has as general objectives to increase the knowledge about the geographic distribution of the fruit flies and their ecological aspects in the northern region of this state, and to evaluate the potential of D. longicaudata to biological control of theses flies in this region. These approaches were in the Chapters I and II, respectively. In the chapter I, the studies aimed to know the species of fruit flies of occurrence in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state, their host plants and their parasitoids; to evaluated the susceptibility of guava variety Paluma to infestation by fruit flies; to characterize the population structure of these tephritids to determine the principal species of occurrence and to evaluate their diversity standard; and to determine the times of the year of higher and lower occurrence of these flies in the region. This study was carried out from April/2006 to May/2007 in Campos do Goytacazes, S?o Francisco do Itabapoana and S?o Jo?o da Barra, being the specimens captured by McPhail traps and collected from fruits. From the captured adults, 93% belong to the genus Anastepha (total of 16 species) and 7% of Ceratitis capitata. A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. pseudoparallela, A. serpentina, A. sororcula, A. zenildae and C. capitata infested fruits among 12 wild species. A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae infested guavas of variety Paluma. The populations of frui flies present low diversity of species due to presence of three predominant species: A. obliqua, A. fraterculus and A. sororcula, which occurred during all months of the year, with higher population levels between the summer and autumn due to the influence of higher availability of host fruits in these seasons of the year. The native parasitoids were Doryctobracon areolatus and Aganaspis pelleranoi. In the chapter II, the studies aimed to evaluate the survival capacity and action radius of D. longicaudata 24 hours after its release in the field; and to evaluate the recovered possibility of their offspring from guava samples. In May/2008, D longicaudata was released in a guava orchard in S?o Jo?o da Barra. Thereupon this release, 25 parasitism units containing larvae of C. capitata were spread at the guava trees at 10 m and 20 m from the released point. A sample of guavas was collected on the released day, and 24 hours after this release, another sample of guavas was collected at 30 m from this point. After 24 hour of the release, it was observed the visitation of D. longicaudata in the majority of the parasitism units. Male and female descendants of D. longicaudata were recovered form these parasitism units. A. fraterculus and A. sororcula infested the guavas, from which D. longicaudata was not recovered. / O governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro vem incentivando a expans?o da fruticultura na regi?o norte do Estado, mas esta corre o risco de sofrer s?rios preju?zos devido ao ataque de moscas-das-frutas. Por?m, dados sobre aspectos ecol?gicos desses insetos, necess?rios para seu manejo adequado, n?o est?o dispon?veis para essa regi?o. Com a introdu??o do parasit?ide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata no Brasil, abre-se a perspectiva de controle biol?gico dessas moscas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos gerais aumentar o conhecimento sobre a distribui??o geogr?fica das moscas-das-frutas seus aspectos ecol?gicos no norte fluminense, e avaliar o potencial de D. longicaudata para o controle biol?gico dessas moscas nessa regi?o, sendo esses temas abordados nos Cap?tulos I e II, respectivamente. No cap?tulo I, os estudos tiveram os seguintes objetivos: conhecer as esp?cies de moscas-das-frutas de ocorr?ncia no norte fluminense, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasit?ides; avaliar a susceptibilidade da goiaba variedade Paluma ? infesta??o por moscas-das-frutas; caracterizar a estrutura populacional desses tefrit?deos para determinar as principais esp?cies de ocorr?ncia e avaliar seu padr?o de diversidade; e determinar as ?pocas do ano de maior e menor ocorr?ncia dessas moscas na regi?o. Esse estudo foi conduzido de abril/2006 a maio/2007, em Campos dos Goytacazes, S?o Francisco do Itabapoana e S?o Jo?o da Barra, sendo os esp?cimes capturados por armadilhas McPhail e coletados de frutos. Dos adultos capturados, 93% pertencem ao g?nero Anastrepha (total de 16 esp?cies) e 7% ? Ceratitis capitata. A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. pseudoparallela, A. serpentina, A. sororcula, A. zenildae e C. capitata infestaram frutos entre 12 esp?cies silvestres. A. fraterculus, A. sororcula e A. zenildae infestaram goiabas da variedade Paluma. As popula??es de moscas-das-frutas apresentaram baixa diversidade devido ? presen?a de tr?s esp?cies predominantes: A. obliqua, A. fraterculus e A. sororcula, que ocorreram o ano todo, com maiores n?veis populacionais entre o ver?o e o outono, pela influencia da maior disponibilidade de frutos hospedeiros nessas esta??es do ano. Os parasit?ides nativos foram Doryctobracon areolatus e Aganaspis pelleranoi. No cap?tulo II, os estudos tiveram os seguintes objetivos: avaliar a capacidade de sobreviv?ncia e raio de a??o de D longicaudata 24 horas ap?s sua libera??o no campo; e avaliar a possibilidade de recupera??o de seus descendentes a partir de amostras de goiaba. Em maio/2008, realizou-se a libera??o de D longicaudata num pomar comercial de goiaba em S?o Jo?o da Barra. Logo ap?s a libera??o, 25 unidades de parasitismo contendo larvas de C. capitata foram distribu?das nas goiabeiras a 10 m e 20 m do ponto de libera??o. Uma amostra de goiabas foi coletada no dia da libera??o, e 24 horas ap?s, coletou-se outra amostra de goiabas a 30 m a partir desse ponto. Ap?s 24 horas da libera??o, verificou-se a visita??o de D. longicaudata na maioria das unidades de parasitismo. Recuperaram-se descendentes machos e f?meas de D. longicaudata a partir dessas unidades. A. fraterculus e A. sororcula infestaram as goiabas, das quais n?o foi recuperado D. longicaudata.

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