Darbo tikslas: ― išnagrinėti kačių, sirgusių gastritais 2006 – 2012 metais sergamumą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. susisteminti literatūros duomenis apie kačių gastritu; 2. įvertinti kačių sergamumą virškinimo ligomis; 3. palyginti kačių sergamumą gastritais su kitomis virškinimo sistemos ligomis; 4. įvertinti gastritų paplitimą priklausomai nuo veislės, bei lyties Išvados: Gastritas yra polietiologinis susirgimas, kuriam būdingas klinikinių simptomų įvairavimas nuo mažai pastebimų iki stipriai išreikštų. Ištyrus 726 pacientus, kurie gydėsi Lietuvos veterinarijos gydyklų terapiniuose skyriuose ir jiems buvo diagnozuotas gastritas, nustatėme, kad: 1. Nuo 2006 iki 2012 metų, Lietuvos smulkių gyvūnų gydyklų terapiniuose skyriuose gydytos 2633 katės, sirgusios virškinimo sistemos ligomis.2. Katės gastritais ir kitomis virškinimo trakto ligomis mažiausiai sirgo 2006 metais, daugiausiai 2012 metais. 3. Patelės gastritais sirgo 1,33 karto dažniau, nei patinai. 4. Mišrūnėms katėms gastritas diagnozuotas 14 atvejų daugiau, nei veislinėms katėms. / The information gathering of cats with gastritis took place in three clinics in Lithuania (two of them were held in Kaunas and the other one- in Vilnius) from 2006 to 2012. All the patients who were treated in therapeutical sections were registered, their anamnesis vitae et mobri information was gathered and analyzed according to clinical examination methods. Diagnosis of gastric inflammation was usually based on history and clinical trial data, the abdominal X, endoscopic and laboratory test results. Gastritis is a fairly common digestive tract disorder. Etiotropic gastritis factors are many: it is feeding tolerance, infectious diseases, other organs and systems dysfunction, tumor pathology, the body's sensitization, neurogenic, iatrogenic causes, and so on. Analysis of the collected data showed that the period 2006-2012 cats treated in several Lithuanian veterinary clinics therapeutic sections, often suffered from gastro-intestinal diseases, which accounted for 63 ± 1.26 percent of all therapeutic treated for feline diseases (mean 376.1 ± 95.9 cases per year). In most cases, the assessment of a percentage of the gastrointestinal tract cats had in 2010 - 65 per cent. all cases, the least - in 2008. (61.2 per cent Cases all). Assessing the quantitative expression of the highest incidence of feline digestive system disease was in 2012. - 509 cases, the lowest - in 2006. (252 cases). Almost one third of cats digestive tract diseases 2006-2012 accounted for gastritis - an... [to full text]

Aus dem Patientengut einer Fachklinik für Klein- und Heimtiere wurden 11 nicht vorbehandelte Katzen zwischen einem und zwölf Jahren mit mittel- bis hochgradiger Gingivo-Stomatitis ausgewählt. Diese wurden für zwölf Wochen (84 Tage) stationär aufgenommen und nach einem standardisierten Therapiekonzept behandelt: Am ersten Tag erfolgte nach dentalem Röntgen eine umfassende Zahnsanierung. An den Tagen 0, 14, 28, 42 und 84 wurde Interferon (Virbagen Omega® des Herstellers Virbac S.A.®, Carros Cedex, Frankreich) unter Sedation lokal, d.h. submukosal mit 1 ME/kg KGW injiziert. An den Tagen 56, 58, 60 und 62 erfolgte die Interferongabe systemisch. Begleittherapien wurde nach Bedarf eingesetzt, jedoch ohne die Verwendung von Glukokortikoiden und Hormonpräparaten. Verfüttert wurde ausschließlich Futter des Herstellers Royal Canin®, Köln, in den ersten 14 Tagen das Feuchtfutter Royal Canin convalescence support®, ab Tag 15 Royal Canin intestinal® Feucht- und Trockenfutter. An allen Behandlungstagen wurden zur qualitativen Virusbestimmung Tupferproben der am stärksten entzündeten Bezirke entnommen, die Maulhöhle nach einem festen System abfotografiert und die Veränderungen in Formblättern (Stärke der Faucites, Gingivitis, Buccostomatitis, Größe der Fläche und Art der Veränderung) und Grafik-charts festgehalten. Am ersten und letzten Tag wurden außerdem Biopsien zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Viruslast entnommen. Die Entwicklungen in folgenden Bereichen wurden anhand fixer Kriterien 14-tägig festgehalten: Allgemeinzustand, Schmerzen bei der Maulöffnung, Halitosis/zäher Speichel, Größe der Mandibularlymphknoten, Appetit, Schmerzen bei Futter-aufnahme oder Gähnen, Hypersalivation, Aktivität, Putztrieb und Zugänglichkeit. Die klinischen Verbesserungen waren bei allen Tieren schon nach 14 Tagen augenfällig. Der Hauptvorstellungsgrund der Besitzer, Appetitlosigkeit und Schmerzen bei der Futteraufnahme waren einer fast ungestörten Futteraufnahme gewichen, diese konnte in den folgenden Wochen kaum noch optimiert werden. Die entzündlichen Ulzerationen und Proliferationen der Maulhöhle halbierten sich innerhalb der ersten 14 Tage, nach 84 Tagen war der Heilungsprozess bei acht der elf Katzen abgeschlossen. Die persistierenden Proliferationen der restlichen Katzen waren allerdings nicht entzündlich und beeinflussten die Futteraufnahme nicht. Allgemeinzustand, Aktivität, Putztrieb und Zugänglichkeit stiegen bei zehn von elf Katzen bis zum 42. Tag etwa linear auf artspezifisches Normalniveau an und blieben hier konstant. Hypersalivation und Schwellung der Mandibularlymphknoten legte sich, so vorhanden, bei allen Tieren bis auf zwei innerhalb von 28 Tagen, bei diesen beiden war bis zum 84. Tag nur eine geringgradige Verbesserung zu beobachten. Nach der systemischen Vier-Tages-Therapie wurde ein erneutes Aufflackern der Gingivo-Stomatitis etwa auf das Niveau des 56. Tages beobachtet, allerdings ohne Folgen für die Verhaltensparameter. Eine Reduktion der Viruslast konnte trotz der eindrucksvollen Verbesserungen im klinischen Bereich in keinem Fall festgestellt werden. Die FIV/FeLV-positiven Katzen sprachen langfristig wesentlich schlechter auf das Therapiekonzept an als die übrigen Probanden. Daher gilt es bei diesen Tieren vor Interferoneinsatz kritisch zwischen den nicht unerheblichen Kosten und der zweifelhaften Prognose abzuwägen. Generell kann das Therapiekonzept Zahnsanierung – Interferon – Begleittherapie nach erfolgtem FIV/FeLV-Test bei der felinen Gingivo-Stomatitis als klinisch erfolgreich betrachtet werden.

Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI) has been shown to be a useful marker of gastrointestinal protein loss in some species. The objectives of this study were, first, to develop and analytically validate an ELISA for the measurement of alpha1-PI in feces and serum from cats, and, second, to evaluate fecal alpha1-PI concentrations in healthy cats and cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease. The lower detection limits of the ELISA were 0.02 g/L for serum and 0.04 microgram/gram for feces. The observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios for serial dilutions of serum and fecal samples ranged from 100.0 to 129.7% (mean +/- SD: 112.2 +/- 9.9%) and 103.5 to 141.6% (115.6 +/- 12.8%), respectively. The O/E ratios for samples spiked with seven known concentrations of alpha1-PI ranged from 82.3 to 107.8% (94.7 +/- 7.6%) for serum and 78.5 to 148.7% (96.8 +/- 18.2%) for feces. The coefficients of variation for intra-assay and inter-assay variability were <7.9% and &lt;12.1% for serum, and 5.3%, 11.8%, and 14.2% and 7.7%, 10.2%, and 20.4% for feces, respectively. Reference intervals were 0.6 to 1.4 g/L for serum and up to 1.6 microgram/g for feces. We conclude that this ELISA is sufficiently linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. For the clinical evaluation, twenty cats with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease and 20 healthy control cats were enrolled. The diseased cats were grouped into two groups: mild to moderate idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Group A; n=8) and severe IBD or neoplastic disease (Group B; n=12), based on histopathology results of endoscopic biopsies. Fecal alpha1-PI concentrations and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, cobalamin, folate, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity were determined. Nineteen of the 20 diseased cats had increased fecal alpha1-PI concentrations, ranging from 1.9 to 233.6 microgram/g (normal range: <= 1.6 microgram/g). Fecal alpha1-PI concentrations were statistically significantly different between healthy cats and cats of Group A (median: 3.9 microgram/g, range: 1.3 to 9.2 microgram/g, P<0.001) or cats of Group B (median: 20.6 microgram/g, 4.3 to 233.6 microgram/g; P<0.001), and also between cats of Groups A and B (P<0.01). Hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypocobalaminemia were detected in 88%, 83%, and 56% of the diseased cats, respectively. Our study suggests that increased fecal alpha1-PI concentrations in association with hypoalbuminemia may be a common finding in cats with IBD or GI neoplasia. Furthermore, alpha1-PI concentrations appear to be higher in cats with severe IBD or confirmed GI neoplasia when compared to cats with mild to moderate IBD.

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Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-90).

Orientador: Lígia Souza Lima Silveira da Mota / Resumo: O Brasil é um país megadiverso detentor de grande parte da riqueza ecológica do mundo, porém seus biomas, importantes devido aos serviços ecossistêmicos, sofrem com a pressão antrópica. Assim, os grandes predadores, que possuem efeito regulatório no ecossistema, geram conflitos direto com o homem. O Puma concolor é um predador generalista, atuando no perfil trófico onde reside. Estudos de populações in situ são importantes na elaboração de planos de manejo e a utilização de amostras não invasivas nos permitem ter acesso a informações biológicas a baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de amostras não invasivas para contribuir com informações nos planos conservacionistas da região. Foram percorridas bordas de mata e áreas de transição da APA-Botucatu. As amostras de fezes encontradas foram georreferenciadas, coletadas, selecionadas, fotografadas, classificadas e seu DNA extraído por meio da técnica empregando fenol/clorofórmio. O DNA obtido foi quantificado em espectrofotômetro e sua qualidade avaliada em eletroforese. Trinta e cinco amostras foram classificadas quanto ao seu grau de degradação, submetidas à extração de DNA e seu produto avaliado. A presença de material genético nas fezes frescas ou pouco degradadas apresentaram maiores concentrações de DNA além de melhor qualidade quando comparadas com as mais degradadas. Estes resultados evidenciam que, o DNA obtido empregando metodologia de baixo custo, possui quantidade e qualidade suficientes para seu em... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Orientador: João Pessoa Araújo Júnior / Banca: Lenice do Rosário de Souza / Banca: Alexandre Secorum Borges / Resumo: O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV) é um lentivírus que causa uma síndrome de imunodeficiência em gatos domésticos. O FIV tem sido particularmente utilizado em estudos de resistência viral aos análogos de nucleosídeos devido a Transcriptase Reversa (TR) apresentar propriedades físicas, catalíticas e sensibilidade às drogas semelhantes à TR do HIV. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram tratar com AZT gatos naturalmente infectados com o FIV, fazer o monitoramento da carga viral e DNA proviral por PCR em tempo real e monitoramento genético por seqüenciamento. Dos 12 animais infectados, 6 receberam o AZT na dose de 10mg/kg/dia e 6 receberam placebo. Durante 96 dias de tratamento, o plasma e sangue destes animais foram analisado com relação à carga viral e concentração relativa de DNA proviral utilizando-se a técnica de quantificação relativa por PCR em tempo real com SYBR Green, desenvolvida por nossa equipe. Além disso, foi realizado o sequenciamento genético da região que codifica a TR de 3 dos animais. Foi realizada com sucesso a padronização da PCR em tempo real para quantificação relativa do FIV. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa da carga viral ou do DNA proviral entre os grupos tratado e controle. O seqüenciamento genético revelou a presença de lisina na posição 41 do sítio ativo da TR. A presença deste aminoácido confere até 4 vezes menor sensibilidade ao AZT em mutantes do HIV. Por possuir alta estabilidade genética, supomos que os vírus dos demais animais não sequenciados possuem também a 41-lisina A presença da 41-lisina pode ser uma das possíveis explicações para a falha do tratamento com AZT. Outra hipótese é a de que a dose fornecida não foi adequada. / Abstract: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a lentivirus which causes a progressive disruption of the host's immune functions. FIV has been particularly used as a model for studies in retroviral resistance to nucleoside analogs because its similarities in physical properties, catalytic and sensitivity in comparison with HIV/RT. The aims of this work were to treat cats naturally infected with FIV, quantify viral load and proviral DNA by real time quantitative PCR with SYBR Green and analyze the viral nucleotide sequence. From 12 animals naturally infected, 6 received AZT at a dose of 10mg/kg/day and 6 received placebo. During 96 days of treatment, viral load and concentration of proviral DNA were measured by relative quantitative real time PCR developed by our staff. The nucleotide sequence of the RT encoding region was also achieved for 3 animals. The real time PCR relative quantification was successfully standardized for FIV. There was no significant statistical difference between treated and control groups. The nucleotide sequence revealed a lysine at position 41 on the enzyme active site. This lysine confers 4-fold decreased sensitivity to AZT in HIV RT-mutants. FIV subtype B has high genetic stability and we purposed that the other virus not sequenced have the same amino acid and hypothesized that this mutations can be one of the reasons determining the failure of the treatment. The other hypothesis is that the dose was not adequate. / Mestre

A avaliação dos níveis de estresse nos animais tem importância tanto na área médica, econômica e de bem-estar, assim estudos vem sendo cada vez mais difundidos neste quesito. Os gatos são animais de companhia que tem progressivamente conquistado espaço no mundo moderno, dessa forma vem sendo mais observados e estudados, demonstrando-se bem mais sociais do que anteriormente se acreditava. Zelar pela qualidade de vida dos mesmos é dever do veterinário, e não somente pela questão médica em si mas também pelo bem-estar, já que se sabe, por exemplo, que condições estressantes podem levar a alterações orgânicas deletérias. A mensuração do cortisol, ou de seus metabólitos, tem sido utilizada para avaliar de forma fisiológica o bem-estar dos animais, tanto domésticos quanto selvagens. As técnicas para tal mensuração também vem sendo aperfeiçoadas, buscando-se assim ensaios mais precisos, seguros e baratos. No presente trabalho pretendemos comparar quantitativamente e qualitativamente dois imunoensaios radioimétrico (radioimunoensaio) e enzimático (enzimaimunoensaio) - utilizando amostras fecais de gatos domiciliados que vivem sozinhos ou em pequenas colônias. Sua importância deve-se ao uso de uma nova técnica, mais barata e segura, porém ainda pouco difundida no nosso país. / Evaluation of stress levels among animals has both medical and welfare importance and studies regarding this matter have been increasingly published. Cats are companion animals achieving a special position within modern societies they have been carefully observed and studied thus demonstrating that they are much more social than previously thought. Taking care of cats´ life quality is a veterinarian duty not only because it constitutes a medical issue per se but also due to its welfare implications: it is well known, for instance, that stressful conditions can lead to deleterious organic diseases. Measurement of cortisol levels (or its metabolites) has been used as a physiological parameter for investigating the welfare of both domestic and wild animals. Laboratory techniques used for such measurements have been under improvement in order to achieve more precise, safe and cheap assays. In the present study we aim at comparing quantitatively two assays radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay by using domestic cats faecal samples (single and in-group housed cats). The relevance of this study lays on the use of a pioneering technique, cheap and safe, besides the establishment of a scientific cooperation with a leading university´s laboratory one of the few existing which deals with faecal hormonal dosages.