The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out the termination date of endogenous dormancy of bud flowers within the selected set of apricot varieties and simultaneously keep track of the development of various phases of microsporogenenesis. The last goal was to capture the phenological indicators of flowering and fruit development. The experimental part describes material and methodology tested on the peach varieties at Horticultural Faculty in Lednice in a two-year experiment during 2013-2014. The temperature curve was significantly different in both years. Year 2013 was characterized by gradual and lengthty progression of low temperatures, and by late termination of endogenous dormancy. Year 2014 was entirely unlike the previous one in its rapid progression of above-average temperatures and dynamic emersion of varieties from dormancy. After evaluating the results the varieties were divided into three groups with short, medium and long period preceding the termination of dormancy. The results of the observation of microsporogenesis phases shows that development of each phase is not uniform in all varieties of monitored peaches. The pollen grains development rate is greatly influenced by the temperature curve. Varieties with late termination of dormancy and slow development of microsporogenesis phases are less susceptible to impairment of the flower buds by late spring frosts.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Arable weeds are usually perceived as harmfull organisms in crops. On the other hand, the weeds provide a stable source of food for insects and other invertabrates that feed on pollen and nectar. Majority of crops are not able to provide long-term food component for invertebrates because their flowering is synchronized. Arable weeds flower continously throughout the growing season. There is possible to find many flowering species for the whole year. The main aim of the study was to determine the onset and duration time of flowering period for selected arable weed species. The observation was conducted at the Demonstration and experimental field of Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources neighbouring areas as well as demonstration plots with rare weed species that do not occur in fields naturally. Inventory of flowering species was performed weakly from 9th calendar week (after frost period) and finished at 48th calendar week. There were found and evaluated 160 plant species of which 67 were the rare species from demonstration plots. First flowering weeds were photoperiodically neutral species, mainly from the group of winter annual weeds followed by ephemeral annual weeds. Among others, the late-flowering species were particulary from the group of summer annual weeds, but also some from perennial species. During the first week of observation, 11 flowering species were found. The number gradually increased up to a maximum of 118 flowering species in the 27th calendar week; then the number of flowering plant species naturally decreased. Newly flowering species were being found until 36th calendar week. Weed differed significantly in onset of the flowering acording to perenniality, in most cases. Length of flowering period in individual species was in relation to particular families.

No description available.

No description available.

The present work evaluates the collection of selected varieties and species of phenotypes Cydonia oblonga Mill, in the climatic and soil conditions of the foothills of Nízký Jeseník Mountains. The collection consisted of: 'Blanár'; 'BO-3'; 'Brna'; 'Buchlovice'; 'Hruškovitá'; 'Champion'; 'Ironda'; 'Izobilnaja'; 'Jurák'; 'Kocurova'; 'Leskovačka'; 'Mir'; 'Morava'; 'Muškátová'; 'Otličnica'; 'Pinter'; 'Selena'; 'Triumph'; 'Úspěch' and 'Vranja', planted in the Paseka municipality. The growth characteristics were monitored as were production quality, pollen germination, starting of selected phenological phases and the sensory features of raw fruit and jam were assessed. The temperatures and precipitation values of the chosen planting location were discovered to be close to the climatic values of Žabčice area. Considering the growth characteristics for the selected plantation area it appears the most suitable phenotypes are 'Brna' and cultivar 'Vranja'. Because of the possibility of late spring frosts, more suitable varieties for growing would be 'Champion'; 'Jurák' and 'Kocurova'. Due to the early termination of the vegetation the varieties 'Champion', 'Ironda', 'Leskovačka' and 'Muškátová' and phenotype' BO- 3' could also be recommended. In the assessed collection of sensory score, the best value was acheived by the variety 'Otličnica'. Other observed characteristics showed considerable variability. Under the climatic conditions, the successful cultivation of quince in the foothills of the Nízký Jeseník Mountains seems possible and in the future, quince could become a commercially exploited commodity in this area.

This dissertation discusses the impact of temperature on the phenology of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). The aim of this work is to offer a complete overview of tomato growing in temperate zone conditions, describe the phenology of the plant, and define the physiological demands regarding temperature in each phase of the plants growth. Then, use this information during field experiment and analyse the dynamics of initiation of each phenological phase in relation to temperature. Tomato plant is a fruit vegetable, even though in some countries, it is classified rather as a fruit. It is a thermophilic perennial plant which due to its specific temperature requirements is grown as annual plant in temperate regions. Many varieties are classified as so-called F1 hybrids, in which the hybrid effect is profitable particularly due to earlier and higher yields and better resistance to diseases. Phenology studies the rate of plant growth in each development stage (so-called phenological phases) in relation to weather and climate. The development of tomato plant goes through the following phenological phases: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergence, flowering, development of fruit, ripening of fruit (seed), and senescence; and these phases each have specific temperature requirements. The experiment itself was undertaken at two field locations: in Prague 6 Suchdol and in Mochov. The plants used in the experiment were LSL hybrid varieties of Palava F1 tomato and Thomas F1 tomato, which were treated in a standard way throughout all stages of vegetation. During the vegetation period, their growth characteristics such as specific phases of growth and their representation in the planted area were determined. The amount of dry biomass and the leaf area index (LAI) of selected specimens were examined. The results were analysed and put into graphs and tables. After analysis of all acquired data, it was confirmed that tomato plant has specific environmental requirements in each phase of growth. These requirements then also vary depending on the plant variety. In general, it can be said that from all climatic factors, tomato is most sensitive to air temperature. Air temperature outside the planted area was higher than air temperature within the planted area. In the case of both varieties, phases of growth stagnated especially when temperature changed dramatically, reaching over the tropical 30°C or decreasing significantly. At the course of vegetation, the LAI value grew but during the heatwave and subsequent temperature drop, the leaf area was damaged and the LAI decreased at both locations. Each variety reacted differently depending on its adaptability to higher temperatures.

The aim of this thesis was gathering current literature data on factors (internal - the type, stage of development) and (external - soil and climatic conditions for cultivation) that most affect the oil content in the genus Mentha L. On the basis of the results obtained during laboratory analysis of quantitative content of essential oils in plants of the genus Mentha L. taxa planted on an experimental plot of garden-technical faculty in the refrigerator was a hypothesis based harvesting time, the impact of species and cultivars on the essential oil content is confirmed. Further, the predicted calculation that based on the current state of the essential nutri-ents in the soil experimental plot could be the addition of nitrogen fertilizer to increase the amount of green mass, and while maintaining the integrity of the plants, especially leaf area increase the total yield of oil from the cultivated taxa genus Mentha L. The direct impact of climatic conditions on essential oil content was not established due to the very dry summer with little rainfall and dependence on irrigation.