Wu, Zhouheng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- Overview of Key Factors that affect inflation in China --- p.6 / Chapter 3.1 --- Output Growth --- p.6 / Chapter 3.2 --- Money Supply --- p.7 / Chapter 3.3 --- Exchange Rate --- p.7 / Chapter 3.4 --- Wage --- p.8 / Chapter 3.5 --- Other Exogenous Shocks --- p.10 / Chapter 4. --- The Model --- p.11 / Chapter 4.1 --- Households --- p.12 / Chapter 4.2 --- Production Firms --- p.16 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Non-Traded Sector --- p.16 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Traded Sector --- p.19 / Chapter 4.3 --- Import Prices --- p.20 / Chapter 4.4 --- Monetary Policy Rules --- p.21 / Chapter 4.5 --- Domestic and External Shocks --- p.23 / Chapter 4.6 --- Market Clearing Conditions --- p.24 / Chapter 5. --- Calibration --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1 --- Calibration of parameter values --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical Impulse Responses and Variance Decomposition --- p.28 / Chapter 6. --- Model Fitness --- p.33 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion Remarks --- p.35 / References --- p.38 / Appendix / Appendix A Equilibrium Conditions --- p.41 / Appendix B Steady State --- p.43 / Appendix C Simulation --- p.45 / Appendix D Data Description and Empirical Results --- p.56

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

published_or_final_version / abstract / Economics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Duan, Haiyan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Approach and Methods --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Provision of Public Goods as a Governmental Function --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Design and Practice of Fiscal Transfer --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- China´ةs Fiscal Institution --- p.20 / Chapter 3.1 --- "The Drop of “Two Ratios"", and 1994 Fiscal Reform" --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- Post-1994 System and the Intergovernmental Fiscal Relation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Finance of Public Goods Provision --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Fiscal Institution below Province --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on Public Goods Provision: Cross-county Analysis of Shanxi --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Equalization Effect of Fiscal Transfer --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on County Governments´ة Preference of Expenditure --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / REFRENCES --- p.79

The research focuses on the strategies for financing of higher education within the context of the massification thereof in China. The year 1999 was a turning point for the development of Chinese higher education. In that year the Chinese government decided to expand its higher education system rapidly. Since then Chinese higher education has experienced explosive expansion. The student enrolment in the Chinese higher education system increased from 5.87 million in 1998 to 17.57 million in 2003. The gross enrolment rate in Chinese higher education increased from 9% in 1997 to 17% in 2004. Chinese higher education changed during this transition process from an elite to a mass system. During the expansion many problems emerged. These problems are related directly or indirectly to the issue of financing. Giving that China is still a developing country, how to resolve the financing problem is the key to the success of the transition from an elite to a mass system. Using a literature study and a qualitative inquiry, the research examined the general theories in the financing of higher education, the relevant experiences in the United States, Britain and India and the recent development of higher education financing in China. The study reveals that to ease the financial constraints, it is important to develop non-traditional institutions to lower higher education costs. China established a diversified adult higher education system that expanded at about the same rate as its regular institutions. The study also found that few governments can afford a mass system. Therefore, it is necessary to seek non-governmental funds by strategies such as introducing tuition fees and developing private institutions. However, the fee policy should be paralleled by the student assistance policies so as to reduce the inequality in higher education provision. It is believed that theoretical knowledge gained from the research could contribute to the integration of the theories on the financing of higher education within the context of massification thereof. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

本文考察了中央地方財政自主性的變化，地方政府日益增長的對土地相關收入的依賴以及中國社會總體穩定程度，三者之間的因果關係。使用24個省、市、自治區，跨1998年至2006年的面板數據的回歸模型結果顯示地方政府從土地和房地產相關產業發展上獲得的收入顯著的惡化了以來信來訪數量衡量的社會穩定程度。而地方財政自主性的增強則可以抑制地方政府謀取壟斷地租所導致的信訪數量的增加。 / 本文認為，信訪量的持續攀升與拆遷征地糾紛不斷的直接肇因是1994年開始實行的一系列稅收改革所改變的中央地方政府之間的稅收分配以及稅收結構。地方政府近乎掠奪性的征地拆遷以囤積土地獲得壟斷性租金收入的做法都與該變化有關。但同時，上述現象也受到了以信訪為代表的黨政糾紛解決渠道與以訴訟為代表的司法糾紛解決途徑在威權政體等級制度中的局限性的影響。在等級制度中，中央和地方政府因自身利益不同而存在博弈關係，在各級政府之間還存在權力與相應社會責任分配上反向的 “差序格局“。層級越高的政府，掌握越多的政治權力以及相應的可供其用來“尋租“的政治與經濟資源，卻承擔越少的社會責任和風險。 / My dissertation investigates the causal mechanisms among three factors, the relative change of the central-local fiscal autonomy after 1994 fiscal reform, the increasing of local land derived-revenue in recent years, and the variations in the general level of social stability. Using a panel data set covering 24 provincial level administrative units in China during 1998-2006, the study suggests that the income local governments earned from land and real estate developments substantially and significantly threaten social stability. It also reveals that more fiscal autonomy of local governments does help restrain rising level of instablity caused by local governments' incentive to capture monopoly rent from land. / The findings are consistent with the argument that the fiscal rearrangement and restructuring provide incentives to local governments to practice fierce land requisition and house demolition in order to get monopoly rents through land hoarding. Yet the general level of social stability is also affected by the restrictions of disputes resolution channels lie within authoritarian hierarchical structure. The study highlights how two of the most important disputes resolution channels in China, i.e. petition and litigation, reflects the different incentive structure of central and local governments. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 韓佳. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-201) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Han Jia. / 目錄 --- p.12 / 致謝 --- p.8 / 圖表索引 --- p.16 / Chapter 第一章 序言 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1 --- 問題緣起 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3 --- 實證材料來源說明 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4 --- 章節小節 --- p.36 / Chapter 第一部份 --- p.38 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中央地方財政關係影響下信訪數量變化 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1. --- 计量模型及变量描述 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 計量模型 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 變量描述 --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2 --- 統計模型與實證結果 --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3 --- 章節小節 --- p.61 / Chapter 第三章 --- 土地財政及其對國家社會關係的影響 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.1 --- 中央地方相對財政自主性 --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2 --- 土地開發和房地產開發：地方政府的第二財政 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- 由土地開發引起的糾紛：以白虎頭村土地維權事件為例 --- p.94 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 廣西北海市白虎頭村土地維權事件 --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 導致糾紛的原因 --- p.108 / Chapter 3.4 --- 章節小節 --- p.115 / Chapter 第二部份 --- p.116 / Chapter 第四章 --- 土地征用糾紛的解決途徑比較 --- p.116 / Chapter 4.1 --- 當土地征用糾紛遭遇司法途徑 --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2 --- 信訪途徑與法治途徑？一個實證分析 --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 弱化信訪途徑即等於強化法治途徑嗎？ --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 計量模型，變量描述和數據介紹 --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3 --- 實證結果和穩健性檢驗 --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 實證結果 --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 估計結果的穩健性檢驗 --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4 --- 章節小節 --- p.136 / Chapter 第五章 --- 權力互動：信訪制度的歷史分析 --- p.138 / Chapter 5.1 --- 信訪現狀：以土地信訪為例 --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2 --- 信訪制度演進的理論分析架構 --- p.145 / Chapter 5.3 --- 信訪制度的歷史演進 --- p.152 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 毛澤東時期的信訪制度 (1950-1976年) --- p.154 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 鄧小平時期的信訪制度 (1978-1993年) --- p.164 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 江澤民時期的信訪制度 (1993-2003年) --- p.172 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- 胡锦涛時期的信訪制度 (2003年-至今) --- p.178 / Chapter 5.4 --- 章節小節 --- p.188 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.190 / 參考書目 --- p.196

Peng, Handa. / "August 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.1 / 摘要 --- p.2 / Acknowledgements --- p.3 / Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter Section I --- Literature Review --- p.11 / Theories on Sovereign Default --- p.11 / Historical Case Studies on Sovereign Default --- p.15 / Brief Summary on the Existing Theories and Empirical Cases --- p.16 / Chapter Section II --- Historical Backgrounds --- p.21 / Political Instability and Military Expenditures --- p.21 / Fiscal Status during the rule of the Nanking Government --- p.22 / Silver Standard and Currency Reform in 1935 --- p.26 / Chapter Section III --- Sovereign Default and Restructuring Episodes of the Nanking Government --- p.29 / Data --- p.29 / Sovereign Debt as a Heritage --- p.30 / Background Information of the Debts --- p.34 / The Restructuring Episode --- p.37 / Market Reactions --- p.42 / Chapter Section IV --- Capital Market Access and Reputational Theories in the Restructuring Episode --- p.45 / Access to the International Capital Market --- p.45 / Relevance of the Traditional Reputational Model --- p.48 / Signaling Model and Role of Reputation --- p.51 / Chapter Section V --- Role of Sanctions in the Restructuring Episode --- p.57 / Analytical Framework of the Sanctions Model --- p.57 / Three Possible Channels of Direct Sanctions --- p.60 / Chapter Section VI --- Informational Explanation of the Restructuring Episode --- p.64 / A Practical Analytical Framework for the Informational Model --- p.64 / Issue of Credibility and Currency Reform --- p.66 / The Need for the Settlement of Old Debts --- p.68 / Outcomes --- p.73 / Summary --- p.77 / Conclusion --- p.79 / References --- p.81 / Chapter Appendix I --- Basic information on Chinese sovereign bonds traded in the London Stock Exchange --- p.84 / Chapter Appendix II --- Price of Chinese Sovereign Bonds traded in the London Stock Exchange --- p.86 / Chapter Appendix III --- Price level change around the settlement of two Tienstin-Pukow loans --- p.93 / Chapter Appendix IV --- "Price levels and yield to maturities of the Chinese sovereign bonds on November 1，1935 and June 25, 1937" --- p.94 / Chapter Table I --- Classification of Literatures on Cost of Sovereign Defaults --- p.17 / Chapter Graph I --- Fiscal Status of China in the Nanking Decade --- p.22 / Chapter Graph II --- Breakdown of Revenue --- p.23 / Chapter Graph III --- Breakdown of Expenditures --- p.24 / Chapter Graph IV --- Financing Methods of Government Deficit --- p.25 / Chapter Graph V --- Time Distribution of Borrowing and Defaulting of Old Debts --- p.32 / Chapter Table II --- Purpose of the Old Debts --- p.35 / Chapter Table III --- Lending Countries of the Old Debts --- p.35 / Chapter Table IV --- Collateral of the Old Debts --- p.36 / Chapter Table V --- Currency Denomination of the Old Debs --- p.37 / Chapter Graph VI --- Restructuring Time Distributions --- p.39 / Chapter Graph VII --- Time distribution of new debts obtained during the Nanjing government --- p.46 / Chapter Graph VIII --- Exports and Imports of China in 1921-1937 --- p.61 / Chapter Graph IX --- "Wholesale Price Index in Shanghai, 1929-1937" --- p.74 / Chapter Graph X --- Monthly Exchange Rate of Chinese Currency to U.S. Dollar (Indirect Quotation) --- p.74 / Chapter Graph XI --- "Net Domestic Capital Formation in China, 1931-1936" --- p.76 / Chapter Graph XII --- "Industrial Product and Its Growth Rate in China, 1928-1936" --- p.76

The research focuses on the strategies for financing of higher education within the context of the massification thereof in China. The year 1999 was a turning point for the development of Chinese higher education. In that year the Chinese government decided to expand its higher education system rapidly. Since then Chinese higher education has experienced explosive expansion. The student enrolment in the Chinese higher education system increased from 5.87 million in 1998 to 17.57 million in 2003. The gross enrolment rate in Chinese higher education increased from 9% in 1997 to 17% in 2004. Chinese higher education changed during this transition process from an elite to a mass system. During the expansion many problems emerged. These problems are related directly or indirectly to the issue of financing. Giving that China is still a developing country, how to resolve the financing problem is the key to the success of the transition from an elite to a mass system. Using a literature study and a qualitative inquiry, the research examined the general theories in the financing of higher education, the relevant experiences in the United States, Britain and India and the recent development of higher education financing in China. The study reveals that to ease the financial constraints, it is important to develop non-traditional institutions to lower higher education costs. China established a diversified adult higher education system that expanded at about the same rate as its regular institutions. The study also found that few governments can afford a mass system. Therefore, it is necessary to seek non-governmental funds by strategies such as introducing tuition fees and developing private institutions. However, the fee policy should be paralleled by the student assistance policies so as to reduce the inequality in higher education provision. It is believed that theoretical knowledge gained from the research could contribute to the integration of the theories on the financing of higher education within the context of massification thereof. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)