Thesis (M.S. in Information Warfare Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Michael, James B. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 04, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Cyberspace defense, network defense, passive fingerprinting, computer network reconnaissance, network scanning, port scanning Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also available in print.

Thesis (PH. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Statistics and Probability, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-86).

Tandem-repetitive hypervariable minisatellites detected in a DNA fingerprint provide highly informative genetic markers. To identify and localize specific loci represented in a DNA fingerprint, it is necessary to clone individual minisatellites. This thesis is concerned with the characterization of single locus minisatellite probes cloned from DNA fingerprints. Seven single locus human minisatellite probes have been cloned by screening ? libraries with DNA fingerprint probes 33.6 and 33.15. Each locus consists of a minisatellite, with repeat units ranging in length from 9 to 47 base pairs depending on the locus. These autosomal loci are amongst the most variable loci characterized to date. The heterozygosity values of D1S7, D1S8, D5S43, D7S21, D7S22 and D12S11 range from 85% to >99%. Clustering of minisatellites was initially detected at the D12S11 locus. This observation led to the subsequent discovery of minisatellites showing close physical linkage as well as a tendency for minisatellites to be localized in proterminal chromosomal regions. An association of a minisatellite with a dispersed repetitive element was identified when studying the organization of cloned D7S22. This phenomenon was later found to be common amongst minisatellites. Pedigree analysis revealed a high level of instability of the locus detected by D1S7. This manifestation of detectable mutant alleles demonstrated the feasibility of direct estimation of mutation rates at minisatellite loci. The hypervariability of loci detected by minisatellites and their sensitivity in blot hybridizations make minisatellites a powerful tool in genetic analysis. These probes have already proved instrumental in many genetic and clinical studies. The high degree of individual specificity and the relatively simple banding pattern generated make these probes invaluable in forensic medicine. D1S7 and D7S21 were used in the first example of DNA-based identification in a rape and murder enquiry. One minisatellite probe was found to detect two loci, DNF21S1 and DNF21S2, on chromosomes 6 and 16 respectively. The 39 base pair repeat unit of this minisatellite is itself repetitive. The heterozygosity values of DNF21S1 and DNF21S2 are 61% and 16% respectively. Genomic mapping and sequence analyses revealed close similarity between these loci. Human population and pedigree studies showed that some individuals carry two alleles at DNF21S2, some carry one allele, some carry a duplicated allele while some are devoid of this locus. A model of duplication of a large proterminal segment of chromosome 6 DNA containing a minisatellite and transposition into an interstitial region of chromosome 16 in some human individuals is suggested. This is, to my knowledge, the first report of a human DNA polymorphism arising via transposition of DNA. The duplication unit on chromosome 16 is large (>15 kb) and has inserted into a member of a target site family present in 5-10 copies per genome. This sequence family represents a novel class of human repetitive DNA.

M.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology) / Automated Fingerprint Recognition Systems (AFRSs) have not been very effective so far in matching poor quality fingerprints because the challenges involved in low quality fingerprint matching are quite different from high quality fingerprint matching. The difficulty is due to three main reasons: (i) poor quality of fingerprints in terms of the clarity of ridge information due to harsh working conditions, diseases and aging, (ii) failure to acquire adequate minutiae points after segmentation and (iii) large non-linear distortion due to pressure variations which causes ridges to deform. Thus, low quality fingerprint recognition is a difficult problem which still needs more attention. This is because the accuracy of a fingerprint matching module heavily depends on the quality of the fingerprint probe image. Poor quality fingerprints lead to maximization of False Acceptance Rate (FAR) instead of True Acceptance Rate (TAR). As a result, researchers have suggested that extended features must be incorporated to improve accuracy. These features have been successfully used by Latent Print Experts (LPEs) for crime investigation purposes to increase matching accuracy for fingerprints collected from crime scenes with those stored in the national or international databases. There are three categories of fingerprint features: (i) level 1 (e.g. delta), (ii) level 2 (e.g. minutiae) and (iii) level 3 or extended features (e.g. pores). In this work, improvements have been made through fusion of minutiae and extended feature scores together with the fingerprint image quality. However, fusion algorithms designed so far are not adaptive, i.e. they assume that the effect of the quality of the image on the matching score is the same for different matchers based on different features. To test this assumption, this work adopted an algorithm from the literature that first assigns quality score to different regions of a fingerprint. Quality scores assigned to each region of the segmented fingerprint was mapped to extracted minutiae and extended features (pores). The overall quality rating of each of these were calculated as the sum of all quality scores assigned to regions. This procedure helped the designed fusion algorithm to assign more weight on highly reliable features and less weight on unreliable features. Two experiments conducted for rating minutiae and pore features that are based on this procedure, showed that quality scores for features under study do not stay constant. An adaptive weighted sum fusion algorithm was designed, implemented, tested and compared to non-adaptive algorithms, namely, simple sum and weighted sum fusion. The proposed adaptive weighted sum differs from traditional weighted sum fusion algorithm in that it uses weights assigned to each feature based on the quality map of each region of the fingerprint as opposed to the whole image. The performance of the system was tested using PlyU High Resolution Fingerprint (HRF) Database. Two performance measures were used to rate the proposed algorithm in comparison with simple sum and traditional weighted sum, namely, Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Equal Error Rate (EER). Both these performance measures showed that the algorithm proposed in this work outperforms both simple sum and traditional weighted sum fusion approaches. The proposed algorithm yields an improvement of 8% and 13.33% in EER and AUC, respectively for weighted sum fusion and 2% and 4.8% in EER and AUC, respectively for simple sum fusion.

91 15. SUMMARY Concept and nature of fingerprinting The purpose of my thesis is to completely examine the issue of dactyloscopy and introduce this forensic method, both the theoretical and practical parts. It deals with the historical development of dactyloscopy, the legislation in the Czech Republic, finger- print impression, capture, constancy, detection and comparison. For greater clarity and orientation, the thesis is composed of several parts - each dealing with different aspects. It is also supplemented with pictures that help to imagine a particular thing. Chapter One contains an introduction which gives a general view of dactylosco- py as a forensic method. Chapter Two deals with the historical development and important personalities of dactyloscopy. It explores the origins of knowledge of fingerprint patterns in ancient times and also focuses on the pioneers of dactyloscopy. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One deals with Jan Evangelista Purkyně who first described and classi- fied the basic patterns of friction ridges on distal phalanges. Part Two mentions the world personalities of dactyloscopy (for example Francis Galton, Juan Vucetich, Henry Faulds). The development of dactyloscopy in the Czech Republic is included in Part Three. Chapter Three discusses the concept, the object,...

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. May 2017. / Biometric features have been widely implemented to be utilized for forensic and civil applications. Amongst many different kinds of biometric characteristics, the fingerprint is globally accepted and remains the mostly used biometric characteristic by commercial and industrial societies due to its easy acquisition, uniqueness, stability and reliability. There are currently various effective solutions available, however the fingerprint identification is still not considered a fully solved problem mainly due to accuracy and computational time requirements. Although many of the fingerprint recognition systems based on minutiae provide good accuracy, the systems with very large databases require fast and real time comparison of fingerprints, they often either fail to meet the high performance speed requirements or compromise the accuracy. For fingerprint matching that involves databases containing millions of fingerprints, real time identification can only be obtained through the implementation of optimal algorithms that may utilize the given hardware as robustly and efficiently as possible. There are currently no known distributed database and computing framework available that deal with real time solution for fingerprint recognition problem involving databases containing as many as sixty million fingerprints, the size which is close to the size of the South African population. This research proposal intends to serve two main purposes: 1) exploit and scale the best known minutiae matching algorithm for a minimum of sixty million fingerprints; and 2) design a framework for distributed database to deal with large fingerprint databases based on the results obtained in the former item. / GR2018

ABSTRACT Being a densely populated and heavily industrialized harbor, the emissions of air pollutants in the Kaohsiung area are very huge. There is substantial amount of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) present in the ambient air. Furthermore, relative high temperature and strong sunlight tend to transform these VOCs to oznone, causing high ozone episodes. This study aimed to determine the VOCs source profiles (or fingerprints) from 20 stationary sources, 10 from each of Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County. These include flue gas emission from incineration plants, sewage treatment plants, petroleum plants, and others. The samples was collected using a stainless-steel thermal desorption tube, then analyzed a Hewlett-Packard 58900-II gas chromatograph, fitted with a flame ionization detector and desk-top personel computer. The OFP (ozone formation potential) of VOCs from individual sources were evaluated based on MIR (maximum incremental reactivities). The results show that the speciations of VOCs depend on the raw material and air pollution control equipments used in the processes. The major VOCs in the petro-chemical industries are benzene, toluene, xylene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. The major VOCs in the PVC processes and surface-painting industries are 2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, and ethylbenzene. The major VOCs in the sewage treatment plants are ethylene, hexane, benzene, toluene, and m-xylene. The highest average reaction of the samples is 27.94 g-O3/g-VOCs from intermediary process, the next are from lubrication oil distillation tower, TPE process, ABS process, and maleic anhydride process, ranging from 3 ~ 5 g-O3/g-VOCs. Thus, the reactivity of aromatic-related process is highest, the next are aldehydes - and ketones -related processes. Keywords: Volatile Organic Compounds, Fingerprints, Ozone Formation Potential

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 99 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-74).