Evaluating the integration of multiple land uses in protected areas by assessing user satisfaction assists in identifying the balance between ecological protection and the socio-economic and cultural needs of local populations. Urho Kekkonen National Park in northern Lapland, Finland, provides an example of such integration through the management of reindeer herding, visitor recreation and conservation within park boundaries. Through use of questionnaires, discussions, observations and maps, the impacts and perceptions of reindeer herding, visitor recreation and park management upon each other were assessed, including their relation to conservation. Results revealed a complex co-existence of the users, based on the intensity of demand for an area and spatial location within the park, with overall benefits from the existence of the national park. Discussion of similar arctic-subarctic land use issues in Canadian parks management made apparent the many commonalities of the concerns among national parks worldwide.

Proefschrift--Leyden. / Stamp of Martinus Nijhoff on t.p. "Bibliographie": p. 131-134.

Inaugural-Dissertation - Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität. / Vita : p. [154]. Includes bibliographical references (p. [vii]-xiii).

Thesis--Tampere. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-200) and index.

Studies on the formation of oroclines (bends of originally linear mountain belts) are restricted to Phanerozoic examples. Here I provide a structural, metamorphic and geochronological study of the meta-sedimentary Pohjanmaa Belt, which lies on the most northerly limb of one of the few examples of Paleoproterozoic oroclines, the coupled Bothnian oroclines in Finland. My primary goal is to determine if the structures in the Pohjanmaa belt are consistent with the Svecofennian orogenic belt originating as a linear feature that was subsequently deformed into a pair of coupled oroclines. My detailed structural mapping focused on the geometry of F1, F2, and F3 folds within the Pohjanmaa Belt in west-central Ostrobothnia, Finland. Over 170 measurements were collected including interlimb angles, the attitudes of S1 and S2 foliations, and F2 fold axes. Also, 28 oriented core samples were collected to conduct a U-Pb geochronological study of monazites and an analysis of metamorphic textures in thin section. I first provide a review and comparison of similar structures around the coupled Bothnian oroclines. In my structural analysis I address the relative timing of deformation and metamorphism and use new U-Pb monazite geochronological data to constrain the absolute timing of tectonothermal events. My findings suggest that: 1) D1, D2, D3 deformation stem from a protracted event that records progressive deformation and strain partitioning from pure shear (D1 shortening) to simple shear (D2, D3 sinistral shear) as a result of counter clockwise rotation; 2) D2 folding and coeval garnet + staurolite metamorphism are consistent with early Svecofennian deformation, which occurred 80-90 m. y. prior to late-stage isothermal decompression and staurolite breakdown dated at 1.80 Ga by U-Pb monazite analysis; 3) My analysis, in combination with subsidiary data, provides evidence that sinistral shear during D2-3 is the result of counter clockwise rotation of the Pohjanmaa belt possibly in response to buckling of the coupled Bothnian oroclines during the early Svecofennian Fennia event. / Graduate

No description available.

In 2017 Finland celebrated its 100 years of independence. In honour of this event the City of Turku, Finland’s oldest city and former capital, decided to gift Finland a History Museum to commemorate the event. This project’s purpose is to propose a location, a program and a building for the museum. I have chosen a location in Turku Harbour across the street from Turku Castle, a fortress that has been on the site since 13th century. Today the Castle functions as a museum and is the city’s most popular museum with about 140 000 visitors annually. On the south end of the site there are four log warehouses belonging to the Castle from 1880’s as well as in the north end a 1930’s brick building that also functions as a warehouse. The Museums brings together not only the history of Finland and that of the City of Turku, but also the different buildings on the site. The new building is in the middle of the site, it brings together the surrounding buildings by parasiting itself to the existing buildings and in that way connecting them.

No description available.

No description available.

Grounded in a theoretical debate between anthropological studies on Roma/Gypsies and anthropological studies of Christianity, the focus of this thesis is on the experience of social and religious life among members of a traditional minority in Finland, the Finnish Kaale/Finnish Roma, a population of approximately 13.000 people living in Finland and Sweden. Over the past decades, the processes of urbanisation and sedentarisation have led to shifts in the ways in which the social lives of Kaale families are lived. A shift towards individualisation is interlinked with the continuous importance placed on family and kin belonging, which come together in a re-assessment of people's central attachments in the world. At the same time, over the same period of time, a large number of this population have converted to Pentecostal and charismatic movements in the country, leading to subtle changes in the shape of social relations within and outside their own community: between believers and non-believers, between Kaale and non-Kaale. Making use of participant observation, interviews, conversion stories and individual life histories among Finnish Kaale living in the capital city of Helsinki and in Eastern parts of the country, this ethnography provides an insight into the multiple, overlapping and complex ways in which Kaale belonging is understood and into the ways in which Pentecostal religious life takes shape among born-again Kaale. Furthermore, looking specifically at the practice of Evangelism and missionary work, which defines the life of Pentecostal Kaale believers, the role of faith as an enhanced engagement with the world is analysed. A conversation therefore emerges also on the role of Pentecostal belonging in mobilising believers in relation to the world around them and, more specifically, on the way in which Pentecostal faith provides an avenue for a further social engagement and social mobilisation of individual Kaale believers.