En raison de l'exigence de protection de l'environnement, les briques d'argile cuites sont face à une nouvelle tendance de développement. Briques d'argile cuites ne sont pas seulement satisfaits de la mécanique force mais aussi augmentation de l'utilisation de l'énergie. La conductivité thermique est un paramètre très important mesurer l'utilisation de l'énergie. Sur le principe de garantir essentiellement propriétés mécaniques, la réduction de la conductivité thermique a été l'un des développements importants objectifs dans l'industrie du bâtiment.Basé sur l'analyse de la microstructure, les pores microscopiques ont un effet sur la macroscopie constantes élastiques et conductivité thermique. Micropores parallèles résultant de la production les méthodes provoquent l'isotropie transversale des briques d'argile cuites. Cependant, ce n'est pas clair que l'influence des micropores sur les propriétés macroscopiques. Bien que certains modèles étudié l'effet de la porosité sur les propriétés mécaniques des briques d'argile cuite, ces modèles sont empiriques et ont ignoré de nombreuses informations microscopiques. Un des buts de la thèse est d'analyser l'influence de la forme, l'orientation et la distribution spatiale de microscopique facteurs sur les propriétés mécaniques et la conductivité thermique afin de fournir une référence optimiser la micro-structure des briques d'argile cuites. / Due to the environmental protection requirement, fired clay bricks are facing new development tendency. Fired clay bricks are not only satisfied with mechanical strength but also rising energy utilization. Thermal conductivity is a very important parameter to measure the energy utilization. On the premise of guaranteeing the basically mechanical properties, reducing thermal conductivity has been one of important development goals in building industry.Based on the analysis of micro-structure, microscopic pores have an effect on macroscopic elastic constants and thermal conductivity. Parallel micropores resulting from producing methods cause the transverse isotropy of fired clay bricks. However, it is not clear that the influence of micropores on the macroscopic properties. Though some models studied the effect of porosity on mechanical properties of fired clay bricks, these models are empirical and ignored many microscopic information. One of the goals of the thesis is to analyze the influence of shape, orientation and spatial distribution of microscopic factors on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity in order to provide a reference to optimize the micro-structure of fired clay bricks.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adilson - capa - p 20.pdf: 346950 bytes, checksum: a3100709576cd968b71593cb9c01e214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to evaluate the effect of incorporation of particles of fired clay brick waste (CBW) in the physical and mechanical properties and their relation to the microstructure of concrete with Portland cement. The mixtures were obtained using the technique of fractional factorial design 33-1 for the design and analysis of experiments. For each factor, three levels were selected: CBW content (10, 20 and 30 wt. % of cement), water-to-cement ratio of 0.37, 0.45 and 0.55, and aggregate-to-cement ratio of 2.36, 3.64 and 4.70. The waste was characterized to evaluate their potential as a pozzolana. Fresh properties (consistency) and hardened (compressive strength at various ages, voids index, water absorption and density) were measured. Characterizations of microstructure and thermal using SEM / EDS and DTA / TG were performed to correlate the effect of waste content on the microstructure and properties of the hardened concrete. The waste presents properties adequate to be used as a pozzolan material. Consistency index decreases with the incorporation of the CBW, but is still possible to obtain concrete with adequate workability. For properties in the hardened concrete, the results show that the compressive strength increases with the increase of CBW content as an addition for concretes of Portland cement. Microstructural characterization reveals that the waste contributes to develop a more homogeneous microstructure with fewer pores and cracks when compared to concretes without waste. There is evidences that metakaolin contained in the waste contributes with the hydration reactions, consuming calcium hydroxide and producing more calcium silicate gel and hydrated phases, which keeps the aggregates more cohesive in the concrete microstructure. These microstructural characteristics improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da incorporação de rejeitos particulados de tijolos (RPT) nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas e sua relação com a microestrutura de concretos de cimento Portland. Os traços foram formulados utilizando a técnica de planejamento fatorial fracionado 33-1 para o projeto e análise de experimentos. Para cada fator, três níveis foram selecionados: teor de RTP incorporado (10, 20 e 30 % em relação ao cimento), relações água-cimento de 0,37, 0,45 e 0,55, e relações agregado-cimento de 2,36, 3,64 e 4,70. O rejeito foi caracterizado para avaliar seu potencial quanto à pozolanicidade. Propriedades no estado fresco (consistência) e endurecido (resistênca à compressão em várias idades, índice de vazios, absorção de água e densidade) foram medidas. Caracterizações de microestrutura e térmica usando MEV/EDS e ADT/TG foram realizadas para correlacionar o efeito do teor de rejeito na microestrutura e propriedades no concreto endurecido. O rejeito apresenta características que possibilitam seu uso como material pozolânico. Para o índice de consistência observa-se que o mesmo diminue com a incorporação do RPT, porém ainda é possíviel obter concretos com adequada trabalhabilidade. Para as propriedades no concreto endurecido, os resultados mostram que a resistência à compressão aumenta com o aumento da porcentagem de RPT em adição ao concreto de cimento Portland. A caracterização microestrutural revela que o rejeito contribui para desenvolver uma microestrutura mais homogênea, com menos trincas e poros, quando comparadas às misturas sem o rejeito. Há indícios de que a metacaulinita contida no rejeito participa das reações de hidratação, consumindo hidróxido de cálcio e produzindo mais silicato de cálcio gel e fases hidratadas, as quais contribuem para manter os agregados mais coesos no corpo cerâmico. Estas características microestruturais melhoram as propriedades mecânicas e durabilidade dos concretos.

La réduction de la consommation énergétique dans le secteur de bâtiments présente aujourd’hui une priorité primordiale dans les politiques des pays industrialisés. En France, le secteur du bâtiment consomme environ 43 % de l’énergie finale et contribue pour près d’un quart aux émissions nationales de gaz à effet de serre [ADEME]. Il se positionne comme un acteur clé pour parvenir à résoudre les inquiétants défis environnementaux auxquels nous devons faire face. Face à ces véritables défis, l’augmentation des niveaux d’exigence des réglementations thermiques s’est poursuivie et intensifiée pendant les 40 dernières années, jusqu’à la naissance de la réglementation thermique 2012, qui a permis de construire des bâtiments basse consommation (BBC) qui équivaut à 50 kWh/m².an. Cette nouvelle réglementation plus exigeante constitue une incitation forte à l'innovation des matériaux, produits et systèmes d'enveloppe. Dans ces conditions, l’amélioration des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction aura des retombées économiques et environnementales conséquentes. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail a été mené. Il vise à étudier et à améliorer les performances des produits de l’entreprise Briqueteries du Nord (BdN). Il est réparti sur deux axes principaux : le premier consiste à l’étude de l’inertie thermique et du pouvoir hygroscopique des briques en terre crue. Le second axe vise à élaborer des solutions possibles concernant l’amélioration de la résistance thermique des briques en terre cuite. Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé au laboratoire de l’Ecole Centrale de Lille avec une étroite collaboration avec l’université d’Artois et l’entreprise (BdN) / Nowadays, the reduction of energy consumption in buildings industry represents a major issue in industrialized countries’ policies. In France, the building sector consumes about 43% of final energy and accounts for nearly a quarter of the national emissions of greenhouse gas emissions [ADEME]. It is considered as a key factor to overcome the environmental challenges we have to face.In front of these significant challenges, the thermal regulations requirements were seriously intensified during the last 40 years until the notification of the thermal regulation 2012. This latter enable the construction of low energy buildings (BBC) whose consumption is equivalent to 50 kWh/m² per year on average. This new regulation provides a strong incentive for innovation of materials, products and envelope systems. Under these conditions, improving hygrothermal performance of building materials will allow a substantial economic and environmental benefits. This work was conducted in this context. It aims to study and improve the performance of the company Briqueteries du Nord (BdN) products. It is divided in two main axis: the first consists on studying the thermal inertia and hygroscopic capacity of unfired clay bricks. However, the second axis aims to develop possible solutions for improving the thermal resistance of fired clay bricks. This research was conducted in the laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Lille with close collaboration with the University of Artois and the BdN company