Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p>The principle aim of this study was to gain insights into the perceptions of the people living in the Cape Agulhas Area of South Africa on the issues of small-scale fishing and the historical claims to fishing rights of the communities living in the fishing villages of Struisbaai and Waenhuiskrans. A further aim was to identify the gap between knowledge and the implementation of fishing rights policies by analysing existing policies on small-scale fishing and thereby identifying possible lessons and guidelines for policy formulation. Key focus areas were the historical recollections of people, their knowledge of past, current and proposed fishing legislation and their opinions, recommendations and guidelines regarding new and proposed policies. A qualitative framework was used for this study, using key informants and the taking of life histories. The two fishing communities served as case studies and life histories were documented using semi-structured interviews. The study drew on previous research in historical practices and indigenous knowledge systems and special attention was given to scientific and archaeological research. The policy processes from 1994 to the present were described and themes were identified in the literature and the life histories. The study found that many of the methods used in earlier years is still used today, passed over from generation to generation.</p>

Although the practice of releasing fish into the wild is common in the management and conservation of fish populations, the success of release programmes and the potential harmful genetic and ecological effects that may follow are rarely considered. This thesis focuses on genetic and ecological consequences of fish releases, exemplified by supportive breeding of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and translocation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Specific questions addressed include: What is the relative performance of hatchery produced fish released to support wild populations, and do released hatchery fish contribute to the natural productivity? What is the variation in reproductive success in the wild, and how does it affect the genetic consequences of a supportive breeding programme? Is there a spatial genetic structure in the European eel that must be considered in the management of this rapidly declining species? Experiments conducted under natural and near-natural conditions in the River Dalälven, Sweden, suggest that hatchery produced trout can reproduce in the wild. In fact, when the pronounced variation between individual breeders was accounted for, there were no detectable differences between hatchery produced and wild born trout in reproductive success or offspring survival. These results were supported by molecular genetic data suggesting a pronounced gene flow from hatchery to wild trout in the river. Hatchery reared trout were, however, found to exhibit reduced survival rates immediately following release into the wild, an effect that was most likely due to phenotypic responses to the hatchery environment during ontogeny and a lack of experience of the wild. In sharp contrast to recently published studies, the present genetic analyses of European eels sampled across the whole distribution range suggest no spatial genetic structure but a subtle temporal genetic heterogeneity within sampled locations. These results emphasise the need to consider temporal replication when assessing population structure of marine species. The results obtained have general implications for the management and conservation of fish populations. First, supportive breeding of threatened salmonid populations might be successful, not only for boosting the census size and thereby reducing the short-term probability of extinction, but also for reducing the risks of inbreeding depression and loss of adaptive potential in future generations. However, the results also highlight the need to restore the natural productivity of a population under supportive breeding to avoid a potential reduction in fitness due to hatchery selection. Further, the lack of a detectable spatial genetic structure in the European eel suggests that the management strategy of translocating juvenile eels from locations were they are overabundant to other suitable freshwater habitats does not necessarily have to include genetic considerations with respect to the geographical origin of the translocated eels.

Fishermen's and managers' perceptions of fishery issues are an important factor to consider when studying conflicts between the two groups. According to theories of conflict management, differences in perceptions may cause situations to be characterized by misunderstanding and mistrust, and may add to the difficulties in managing the conflict. A questionnaire was developed to determine whether there were differences in perceptions between fishermen and managers. Both groups responded to the same questions. Questions were included to determine each individual's involvement in the decision making process and to test the hypothesis that fishermen and managers who are involved in the decision-making process have perceptions that are less polarized. A total of 47 commercial salmon fishermen, who fish primarily out of Oregon ports were interviewed. A total of 36 managers, who were either members of the Pacific Fishery Management Council, Salmon Technical Team, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, or non-agency managers, responded to the questionnaire. Most fishermen were interviewed in person and most managers were interviewed over the telephone. Chi-square analyses were used to measure the differences in the responses of fishermen and managers, as well as the responses of decision-makers and non-decision-makers. The results support the hypothesis that fishermen and managers have different perceptions on certain issues. However, the hypothesis that decision-makers have more similar perceptions than non-decision makers was not strongly supported. / Graduation date: 1994

Traditionally, it is commonly believe that the marine fish stock is renewable and inexhaustible. However, following a dramatic progress of fishing technology, it is proved that the unregulated fishing activity would cause the resource stock deteriorated. It is a necessary evil to design a management procedure, which implements an annual fishing quota system in order to maintain the sustainability of the fish resource. In the most recent years, sudden implementation quota restrictions in many international commissions for management and conservation of marine mammal and fish had posted a challenge to the fishing company of the Far Sea Fishery in Taiwan, which was not used to the quota regulation before. In the short run, the fishing company would react to get more quotas in any necessary ways to ensure their profitability, even though the quota is not obtained in a regular way. Five conservation commissions in the three oceans for the conservation of Tuna and Tuna-like Species have been established. International Commission for the Conversation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) is the organization of Atlantic. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission¡]WCPFC¡^and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission¡]IATTC¡^is the organization of Pacific. The organization of Indian Ocean is Indian Ocean Tuna Commission¡]IOTC¡^which is a sub-organization of FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna¡]CCSBT¡^is a organization covering three oceans. Three commissions have implemented annual quota among the five. In recent year, the quantity of our fishing vessels have overtaken Japan and become the top rank of the Deep Sea Longline Fishing country in the world. Though there are still 2 commissions do not implement quota restriction, it is believed to be implemented soon. When the quota restriction is implemented by all the commissions, the fishing company can not get additional quota any more, then it will be very difficult to operate by a normal way. In order to avoid the serious influence of insufficient quota, the operating strategy must be made as soon as possibly. First of all, the basic concept of the Ultra Low Temperature Longline Fishery is introduced. Then the background and quota condition of the five tuna fish conservation commissions will be mentioned, especially the Indian Ocean will be discussed with more details. The case of fishing company will be taken as an example for the research. Except the detailed analysis of the case, some related good management will be considered also. A suggestion how to adjust the operation to facing the insufficiency of quota will be proposed as a reference. Keyword¡GTuna, Tuna Conservation, Tuna Long Line Fishing, Tuna Quota, SWOT Analysis, Fishery Management Strategy

Sergestid Shrimp contains rich nutrition, regards as a high-class aquatic product in Japan. The management of the catch has come into operation, and it¡¦s led the price raising and the output value increasing rapidly when the establishment of TungKung producer organization of the Sergestid Shrimp in 1993 and it also has become the important seasonal fishery in the southwestern coast of Taiwan. This study is based on the fundamental model of fish dynamic- Gordon Schaefer Model, to discuss the equilibrium values for the optimal conduction of open access and dynamic optimization, and to do the comparative statics analysis. By applying the data provided by Fisheries Research Institute, the evaluation of the variation are under both conductions were available, and in additions, the sensitivity analysis had been done by assuming all bio-economics parameters varied within a reasonable range. The study can figure out the fact that the management of TungKang producer organization of the Sergestid Shrimp with the notion of the sustainable administration by the derivation of theoretical model and the simulate analysis of historical data, and the conclusions of analysis are consistency. Furthermore, the study discusses the fishery management policies of TungKung Sergestid Shrimp. I hope the management policies of TungKung producer organization of the Sergestid Shrimp could be popularized in the related industry.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: U.S. fisheries legislation requires National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to attend to the critical social and economic issues surrounding the definition and identification of fishing communities, and to the effects that changes to the physical environment and regulatory decisions can have on such communities. To fulfil their mandate, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) sponsored the research entitled "Identifying Fishing Communities in the Gulf of Mexico" to study the economic, social and cultural status of potential fishing communities along the Gulf of Mexico. NMFS contracted the research project to Impact Assessment, Inc. to study 80 plus potential fishing communities in the Florida Gulf Coast. I worked as an intern in the research and visited the communities with other team members. The task of our project was to provide NMFS with basic profiles of fishing communities for NMFS to develop a culturally appropriated intervention. / ABSTRACT: Research methods include Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP), semi-structured key informant interviews, participant observation, and archival and secondary research mainly for community histories. Apart from my internship research, I also conducted some additional interviews and observations for my thesis. My findings indicate that fishing communities along the Florida Gulf Coast encounter with challenge from increased regulation, "dumping" seafood imports and virtually uncontrolled waterfront development. By a comparison of three groups of fishing communities, i.e., "diminished communities," "residual communities," and "resilient communities," the thesis explores how communities respond to the challenges and encourages fishermen to take action to preserve their generation-long fishing tradition. / ABSTRACT: In conclusion, the thesis suggests that a solution to ease the decline of fishing communities requires cooperation of all parties concerned, including the fishery regulatory agency, commercial fishermen, and the federal and local government. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.M.S.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 61-64.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-299).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2005. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.