Increased knowledge of the components of the turbot immune system, and the effects of environmental conditions such as water temperature, which influence the appearance of defense mechanisms would allow for the introduction of new strategies to cope with the problem of a high, variable mortality rate observed during the early rearing stages of turbot larvae. Partial sequences for a number of turbot non-specific and specific immune genes have been identified. These include partial sequences for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFb1) (186bp), transferrin (492bp), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) (1025bp), recombinase activating gene 1 (RGA-1) (548bp) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (606bp). Expression studies looking at the dose dependency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) induced gene expression in a turbot cell line (TFC) and turbot leucocytes was studied. The studies using turbot leucocytes show that a number of genes of the turbot immune system are induced in response to stimulation with LPS, these include IgM, lysozyme, transferrin IL-1b and TGFb1. The response to poly I:C was more selective with only the Mx gene and TGFb1 induced in response to stimulation. To determine the effects of the inclusion of exogenous nucleotides in aquaculture diets on the turbot immune system, a feeding study was carried out. When aided to normal fish feed formulations at a combined inclusion level of 0.03% these additional nucleotides were shown to increase the humoral immune response in terms of increased IgM, RAG-1 and TcRa gene expression. RT-PCR expression studies looking at immune gene development in turbot eggs and newly hatched larvae, and the effect of rearing temperature and stimulants was also carried out using the turbot specific primers. The results show that immune gene expression is detectable from early in development. Low rearing temperatures (10-12oC) had a detrimental effect on the development of immune gene expression.

No description available.

Oregon English sole catch data from 0 to 80 fathoms between Coos Bay and Cape Lookout were examined for the years 1973, 1975, and 1976. English sole is a major target species of this inshore trawl fishery. Comparison of depths of maximal values of catch per unit effort, effort, and total English sole landings for each month was used to determine when effort in this mixed-species fishery was directed on English sole. Petrale sole, normally a deeper water species, move inshore during late spring and summer months and may be a primary target during this season. Dover sole appeared to be a target species during certain spring months but rarely overshadowed either English or petrale sole catches. External factors such as weather conditions and market variability affected total monthly effort levels and were included in an interpretation of seasonal abundance and migration trends of English sole. Longshore movements were largely obscured by the month-to-month fluctuations of effort from Newport and Coos Bay, the two major fishing ports within the defined landing area. The Newport fleet is somewhat larger, but variable weather conditions may result in greater effort on the part of the Coos Bay fleet during certain months. Seasonal inshore-off shore movements of English sole, however, were consistently evident for the three years. Average depths of capture and catch per effort increased during fall and early winter months suggesting movement into deep water. Examination of ovary condition of English sole caught in the vicinity of Heceta and Stonewall Banks off the central Oregon coast linked this concentration and offshore movement to spawning. Inshore movement and decreased landings in the spring suggested a post-spawning dispersal. / Graduation date: 1980

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2000. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-102). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Studies were undertaken to measure genetic toxicity at the molecular and cytogenetic levels of biological organisation in marine invertebrates and flatfish. The responses in the early life stages and adult life stages of marine invertebrates (Mytilus edulis and Platynereis dumerilii) were measured following exposures to the physical agent ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and representative compounds of the chemical group, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in laboratory conditions. Also, the potential changes of toxicity of PAH contaminants caused by interactive effects with UVR were evaluated. In a collaborative study with researchers at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), genotoxic measurements were carried out in marine flounder (Platichthys flesus) which had been chronically exposed in vivo to PAHs administered via their food in controlled laboratory conditions. Significantly elevated levels of DNA damage were only observed in fish exposed to the highest PAH concentrations. Dose-dependent cytogenetic responses were observed in the early life stages of both of the invertebrate species investigated following exposure to UVR. However, statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberration induction and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction, and decreases in proliferation rate index (PRI) and normal development were only observed at UVR levels exceeding that of equivalent environmentally realistic conditions, when related to historical and predicted ozone levels in the south west of England. The interactive effects of UVR and PAHs indicated that the genotoxic potential of PAHs is increased when photoactivation takes place, measured by increases in genotoxic responses in both the early and adult life stages. Following a series of laboratory studies, a field study was conducted whereby indigenous populations of marine invertebrates {Mytilus edulis and Cerastoderma edule) were used as target organisms. Haemolymph samples were collected from the animals and tested for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, employing assays validated in the earlier laboratory studies. Correlations between samples showing high levels of DNA damage measured with the comet assay and sites with high levels of heavy metals in the sediments and soft tissue of the animals were established. Finally, an attempt was made to evaluate the DNA repair capabilities of haemocytes collected from M.edulis, A series of in vitro exposures were carried out using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) an oxidising agent, and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) an alkylating agent to induce DNA damage. These were incubated with cytosine β-D-arabino furanoside (AraC), to establish whether these cells had the capacity to repair DNA damage induced by the model chemicals. The results showed that DNA damage induced by H2O2 required DNA polymerases for repair, whereas MMS-induced damage and repair did not appear to be affected by the presence of AraC. In conclusion, the data collated from the research undertaken for this project showed that UVR and PAHs are able to induce genotoxic lesions measurable at the cytogenetic level and whole organism levels in early life stages; and at the molecular and cellular levels in the adult stages. The assays employed appeared to be useful for identifying potential "hotspots" for genotoxic agents in the environment as indicated by the results of the field study, however, the endpoints measured are not contaminant-specific and provide little information about the type of contaminant or agent which might be present. Nonetheless, it has been shown here that comet assay is applicable to different marine species (including Cerastoderma edule and Platichthys flesus) and it is a potentially useful method for detecting DNA damage as well as DNA repair.

Senegalese sole is a flatfish species with increasing importance for the aquaculture industry due to its good performance (survival and growth) in captivity and high market price.However,one of the principal bottlenecks to the expansion of the species culture is the reproductive behavioural dysfunction in cultured males,which complicates establishing a closed cycle in captivity.The reproductive behavioural dysfunction is exhibited by the cultured males that do not participate in the courtship.Therefore, Senegalese sole production relies on wild males,which is unsustainable in the long term.With the aim to understand and look for solutions to this bottleneck,the present thesis focuses on different aspects of behaviour related to reproduction and the olfactory system. The effect of the presence of spawning wild Senegalese sole breeders on the reproductive behaviour and reproductive success of cohabiting cultured breeders was examined.Three groups were established,1 formed by cultures sole and 2 mixed groups (cultured and wild).Fertilised spawns were not obtained from the control group.However,fertilised spawns were obtained from the mixed-origin groups.Cultured males were observed to participate increasingly in the courtship and one cultured male fertilised 2 spawns.These results suggested a learning process in this species for behaviours associated to reproduction.With the olfactory analysis,the structure of the olfactory rosettes of 2 groups from different origin of Senegalese sole juveniles were compared.No significant differences in tissue structure,cell types and cellular distribution pattern were observed between origin specimens,however,differences were found between rosettes in number of lamellae and amount of goblet cells in the ridge region of the lamella,which were more frequent in the lower rosette.Related to the comparison of transcriptomic profiles (RNA-seq) of the upper rosette in cultured and wild sole mature males,the difference in transcripts of some olfactory receptors and other transcripts associated with the control of reproduction demonstrated clear differences in functionalities between origins.Related to the olfactory sensitivity of cultured sole, juveniles and adults to urine from mature conspecific (wild and cultured) was evaluated using EOG.Urine was confirmed to be a potent olfactory stimulus for juvenile and adult.In addition to this, urine from mature females evoked a small, but significant increase in plasmas levels of LH in mature males,further demonstrating that urine play a role in reproduction in this species.Related to dominance in Senegalese sole juveniles were used to conduct 2 dyadic tests (feeding response and territory) and group tests.This was the first study related to dominance behaviour in this species, which could be very relevant to the low participation in the parental contribution during the spawning season.Three parameters related to feeding response, 2 variables related to territory and 2 index in the group test were extracted to differentiate between dominant and subordinate sole.Moreover,2transcripts related to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity were differentially expressed between dominant and subordinate.In the present study three stress coping styles categories were found (proactive,intermediate and reactive) in Senegalese sole juveniles.Moreover,there were four transcripts related to metabolism and feeding behaviour which linked behavioural stress coping categories with brain gene expression.All together these advances strengthen the importance of these research lines as areas that can give a solution to the reproductive dysfunction that can enable the aquaculture industry to close the species life cycle in captivity to make sole culture sustainable. / El lenguado Senegalés es una especie de pez plano que está en constante crecimiento de producción dentro de la industria de la acuicultura debido a su buena capacidad de supervivencia y crecimiento en cautividad,además de poseer un elevado precio en el mercado.En cambio,uno de los principales problemas de expansión del cultivo del lenguado es la disfunción reproductiva asociada al comportamiento complicando el cierre del ciclo de vida de esta especie en cautividad.La disfunción reproductiva se ve en los machos de cultivo que no participan en el cortejo.Consecuentemente,la producción del lenguado recae en los machos salvajes siendo insostenible a largo plazo.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal entender y buscar posibles soluciones a este problema enfocándose en diferentes aspectos relacionados con la reproducción y el sistema olfativo.Primero se realizó un análisis de efecto de la presencia de lenguados salvajes que se reproducen,en el cortejo y el éxito reproductivo de los lenguados de cultivo,que no se reproducen.Se formaron 3 grupos,1 de cultivo (control) y 2 mezcla (cultivo y salvajes).No se obtuvo puestas fecundadas del grupo control,en cabio si se obtuvo de los grupos mezcla,viendose por primera vez un aumento de participación de los machos de cultivo,donde un macho de cultivo fertilizó 2 puestas.Estos resultados sugieren un posible proceso de aprendizaje del cortejo por parte de los machos de cultivo.Con el análisis del olfato,primero se realizó una descripción y comparación histológica de la estructura de ambas rosetas olfativas de dos grupos de lenguados juveniles (cultivo y salvaje).No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la estructura tisular, tipos de células y distribución celular entre lenguados de diferente origen, en cambio, se encontraron diferencias entre las rosetas en número total de lamelas y en cantidad de células goblet concentradas en la parte apical de las lamelas siendo más frecuente en la roseta inferior.Con referencia a la comparación transcriptómica (RNA-seq) de la roseta superior en machos maduros salvajes y de cultivo,hubo diferencias significativas en transcritos asociados a receptores olfativos y de reproducción mostrando claras diferencias en la funcionalidad de la roseta en lenguados de diferente origen.En referencia a la sensibilidad olfativa a la orina del lenguados maduros medida a través del EOG,se demostró que la orina es un potente estimulante olfativo en lenguados juveniles y adultos de cultivo y además el incremento de LH en plasma de los machos adultos utilizados en este estudio demostró que la orina juega un papel importante en la reproducción de dicha especie.En referencia a los estudios de dominancia en lenguados juveniles,se utilizaron 2 pruebas diádicas(alimentación y territorio) y una grupal extrajeron 3 parámetros de dominancia asociados a la alimentación,2 variables asociadas al territorio y 2 índices en el test grupal los cuales diferenciaron entre dominantes y subordinados.Además hubo dos transcritos relacionados con la neurogenesis y la neuroplasticidad que se expresaron diferencialmente entre dominantes y subordinados.Este estudio ha sido el primero en reportar la dominancia como comportamiento en esta especie, la cual podría ser relevante debido a la baja contribución parental durante la época de puesta.Así mismo,se determinaron 3 categorias de estilos de afrontamiento al estrés (proactivos,intermedios y reactivos) en lenguados juveniles.Se encontraron 4 transcritos asociados al metabolismo y comportamiento de alimentación que relacionó los prfiles de comportamiento con la expresión génica cerebral en lenguados juveniles siendo genes importantes a nivel biolígico y funcional. Conjuntamente estos avances fortalecen la importancia de estas líneas de investigación como áreas que pueden dar solución a la disfunción reproductiva pudiendo cerrar el ciclo de vida del lenguado en cautividad para hacer el cultivo sost / El llenguado Senegalès es una espècie de peix pla que està en constant creixement de producció dins de la industria de l'aqüicultura degut a la seua capacitat de supervivència i creixement en captivitat,a més de posseir un elevat preu al mercat.En canvi,un dels principals problemes d'expansió del cultiu d'aquesta espècie és la disfunció reproductiva associada al comportament que complica tancar el cicle de vida del llenguado en captivitat.La disfunció reproductiva s'observa als mascles de cultiu que no participen al seguici.Conseqüentment,la producció del llenguado Senegalès depèn dels mascles salvatges el qual es insostenible a llarg termini.Esta tesi té com objectiu principal entendre i buscar possibles solucions a aquest problema enfocant-se en diferents aspectes relacionats amb la reproducció i el sistema olfactiu.Primer es realitzà un anàlisi d'efecte de la presència de llenguados salvatges que es reprodueixen en el seguici i l'èxit reproductiu dels llenguados de cultiu que no es reprodueixen.Es formà 3 grups,un de cultiu (control) i 2 mescla (cultiu i salvatges).No s'obtingué posts fecundades del grup control,en canvi si s'obtingueren dels grups mescla,veient un augment de participació dels mascles de cultiu per primera volta,on un mascle de cultiu va fertilitzar 2 postes.Aquests resultats suggereixen un procés d'aprenentatge del seguici per part dels mascles de cultiu.Amb l'anàlisi de l'olfacte,primer es realitzà una descripció i comparació estructural histològica de ambdues rosetes olfactives de 2 grups de llenguados juvenils dels dos orígens.No es trobà diferències en l'estructura tissular,tipus de cèl·lules i distribució entre llenguados de diferent origen,en canvi,es trobà diferències entre rosetes en nombre total de lamel·les i quantitat de cèl·lules goblet concentrades a la part apical de la lamel·la més freqüents a la roseta inferior.En referència a la comparació transcriptómica (RNA-seq) de la roseta superior en mascles madurs salvatges i de cultiu,es trobà diferències en transcrits associats a receptors olfactius i de reproducció mostrant clares diferències en la funcionalitat de la roseta en llenguados de diferent origen.En referència a la sensibilitat olfactiva de l'orina de llenguados madurs mesurada amb EOG,es demostrà que l'orina es un potent estimulant olfactiu en llenguados juvenils i adults de cultiu i l'increment de LH en sang dels mascles adults utilitzats en aquest estudi demostrà que l'orina juga un paper important en la reproducció d'aquesta espècie.En referència als estudis de dominància de llenguados juvenils utilitzant 2 probes diàdiques (alimentació i territori) i 1 grupal,van extraure 3 paràmetres de dominància associats a l'alimentació,2 variables associades amb el territori i 2 índex en el test grupal els quals diferencià entre dominants i subordinats.Aquest etudi ha sigut el primer en reportar la dominància com a comportament en aquesta espècie,la qual podria ser important degut a la baixa participació parental durant l'època de posta.Així mateix,es determinà 3 categories d'estil d'afrontament a l'estrès (proactius,entremitjos i reactius) en llenguados juvenils.Es van trobar 4 transcrits associats al metabolisme i comportament d'alimentació sent tots ells gens d'importància biològica i funcional que s'expressaren diferencialment entre perfils de comportament.Conjuntament aquests avanços enforteixen la importància d'aquestes línies d'investigació com àrees que puguin donar solució a la disfunció reproductiva podent tancar el cicle de vida del llenguado en captivitat per a fer la producció d'aquesta espècie sostenible en l'industria de l'aqüicultura. / Fatsini Fernández, E. (2017). Reproduction, olfaction and dominance behaviour in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/81550 / TESIS

Abstract This study uses different morphometric methods to study morphological variation in the population of Engyprosopon grandisquama near the southwestern coast of Taiwan. In addition to the traditional multivariates method , geomorphmetric methods, including the Baselined method and General resistant fit method were used and the results were compared. Results from ocular-side and blind-side analysis are similar. Appearance among locations is different. Overall, each sample including all specimens from all stations can be classified into either two or three groups, depending on the employed method, as well as characters of blind and ocular sides being used. The groups are¡GYung-an, Tso-ying, and Kao-ping-hsi. The latter area appeared to be shifting between the other two groups. Bigger fish, estaminated by centroid-size, morphometric methods, appeared to stay in deeper water(60~80m), and their morphometric performance is different from those in shallow water. Analysis of variance from the General linear model showed significant regression relationships of centroid-size against distances of sampling site to different harbor estuary. The orders of their effectiveness of dosal-side are Tso-ying, Kaohsiung, Yung-an and Kao-ping-hsi respectively. Effectiveness based on blind-side characters are Tso-ying, Kaohsiung, Kao-ping-hsi and water depth. Generally speaking, most samples can be separated into three area-groups, which are¡G(1)Yung-an, (2)Tso-ying and (3)Kao-ping-hsi. Effect of water depth are better expressed by the blind-side characters, whereas effect of the area-sites are better expressed by the ocular-side characters.

My study investigated the evolution of oxidative metabolism in fishes. While intense selection for, or against, non-synonymous point mutations in coding sequence drives the evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, genome-specific mechanisms such as gene duplication events can play major roles in the evolution of nuclear OXPHOS genes. My thesis focused on the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), principally in fish because of their evolutionary origins and functional diversity in terms of energy metabolism. In the first part of my thesis, I examined a highly aerobic group of fishes (billfishes and tunas) to study the evolution of mitochondrial COX genes. Though the study began as a structure-function analysis of COX, my approach changed when my preliminary results called into question the accepted phylogenetic relationships of my species of interest. We generated a robust multigene phylogeny of this group to interpret data in a phylogenetically informative context. Phylogenetic analyses in this group provided us with a framework to study the evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, but unexpectedly revealed that: 1) billfishes are only distantly related to tunas, and share greater evolutionary affinities with flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) and jacks (Carangidae), and 2) regional endothermy has evolved in a non-scombroid suborder in teleosts. These results collectively imply that regional endothermy has evolved independently at least twice within teleost fish. The second part of my thesis explored the evolution of the nuclear COX subunits, focusing on their origins in fish. Isoform transcription profiles coupled with phylogenetic analyses for each subunit show that vertebrate isoforms arose from a combination of early whole-genome duplications in basal vertebrates or specific lineages (e.g. teleosts), and more recent single gene duplication events. While there is evidence for retained function of some COX orthologues across fishes and mammals, others appear to have diverged in function since their earlier radiation, possibly contributing novel evolutionary functions. Together these two studies provide insight into the evolutionary forces facilitating adaptive change in mitochondrial and nuclear OXPHOS genes. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-11 11:00:12.562

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (Leaves: 53-55)