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A Biomechanical Comparison Between a Biological Intervertebral Disc and Synthetic Intervertebral Disc Implants Under Complex Loading: An <i>In Vitro</i> StudyChokhandre, Snehal K. 13 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Approach-avoidance and optimismRose, Jason Paul 01 July 2009 (has links)
It is a widely assumed principle that organisms reflexively approach possibilities for pleasure and avoid possibilities for pain. However, highly evolved organisms not only reflexively react to future possibilities of pleasure vs. pain, but also evaluate the chance or risk of actually experiencing such possibilities. Given the import of optimism judgments in shaping behavior and other outcomes, the main goal of the current research was to examine the relationship between the rudimentary systems of approach-avoidance that orient us toward possible outcomes in the environment and the higher-order optimism judgments we make when evaluating whether such outcomes are likely to occur. To this end, two experiments examined the impact of approach-avoidance cues in shaping participants' optimism judgments about experiencing positive and negative future life events. For the primary operationalization of approach-avoidance, college student participants engaged in arm flexion (a motor movement associated with approach) or arm extension (a motor movement associated with avoidance) while simultaneously making optimism judgments about experiencing a range of positive and negative events in the future. A secondary operationalization involved correlations computed between participants' chronic personality tendencies related to approach-avoidance (e.g., positive vs. negative affectivity) and their optimism judgments. The results of these experiments revealed complexities in the relationship between approach-avoidance and optimism, suggesting that when, how and why approach-avoidance cues will shape optimism may critically depend upon 1) the specific operationalization of approach-avoidance, 2) how optimism is measured, and 3) characteristics of the outcomes under consideration. Explanations for the complexities in the results are offered, and attempts are made to link the current work to broader theoretical and practical aspects of the connection between approach-avoidance and optimism.
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Use of a Hill-Based Muscle Model in the Fast Orthogonal Search Method to Estimate Wrist Force and Upper Arm Physiological ParametersMountjoy, KATHERINE 30 October 2008 (has links)
Modelling of human motion is used in a wide range of applications.
An important aspect of accurate representation of human movement is
the ability to customize models to account for individual
differences. The following work proposes a methodology using
Hill-based candidate functions in the Fast Orthogonal Search (FOS)
method to predict translational force at the wrist from flexion and
extension torque at the elbow. Within this force estimation
framework, it is possible to implicitly estimate subject-specific
physiological parameters of Hill-based models of upper arm muscles.
Surface EMG data from three muscles of the upper arm (biceps
brachii, brachioradialis and triceps brachii) were recorded from 10
subjects as they performed isometric contractions at varying elbow
joint angles. Estimated muscle activation level and joint kinematic
data (joint angle and angular velocity) were utilized as inputs to
the FOS model. The resulting wrist force estimations were found to
be more accurate for models utilizing Hill-based candidate
functions, than models utilizing candidate functions that were not
physiologically relevant. Subject-specific estimates of optimal
joint angle were determined via frequency analysis of the selected
FOS candidate functions. Subject-specific optimal joint angle
estimates demonstrated low variability and fell within the range of
angles presented in the literature. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-10-30 01:32:01.606
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Design of a Passive Exoskeleton SpineZhang, Haohan 07 November 2014 (has links)
In this thesis, a passive exoskeleton spine was designed and evaluated by a series of biomechanics simulations. The design objectives were to reduce the human operator’s back muscle efforts and the intervertebral reaction torques during a full range sagittal plane spine flexion/extension. The biomechanics simulations were performed using the OpenSim modeling environment. To manipulate the simulations, a full body musculoskeletal model was created based on the OpenSim gait2354 and “lumbar spine” models. To support flexion and extension of the torso a “push-pull” strategy was proposed by applying external pushing and pulling forces on different locations on the torso. The external forces were optimized via simulations and then a physical exoskeleton prototype was built to evaluate the “push-pull” strategy in vivo. The prototype was tested on three different subjects where the sEMG and inertial data were collected to estimate the muscle force reduction and intervertebral torque reduction. The prototype assisted the users in sagittal plane flexion/extension and reduced the average muscle force and intervertebral reaction torque by an average of 371 N and 29 Nm, respectively.
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Impact of Passive Range of Motion Exercises and Stretching in Knee Osteoarthritis Pain during WalkingOttonello, Dominique Marchelle 05 August 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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