Neste trabalho foram analisados diferentes parâmetros geométricos para canais de fluxo em células a combustível tipo PEMFC e sua influência no desempenho do sistema, utilizando a fluidodinâmica computacional. Na análise dos modelos matemáticos, verificou-se que o modelo de aglomerado inundado descreve com maior fidelidade o comportamento de células a combustível, enquanto as equações de Butler-Volmer não consideram as perdas por transporte de massa. Foram avaliadas as seções transversais retangular, trapezoidal e em degrau. O modelo com canais de seção retangular apresentou desempenho elétrico ligeiramente superior, porém os canais com seção trapezoidal propiciam um melhor gerenciamento de água. Em todos os aspectos estudados, os canais com seção em degrau se comportaram de forma análoga aos canais com seção trapezoidal, porém sua construção é menos complexa. Também foram analisadas as configurações serpentina e interdigitada em células de 5 cm², e sua influência na uniformidade da densidade de corrente. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto à eficiência elétrica entre células com as duas configurações. A configuração interdigitada propiciou distribuição mais uniforme de geração de corrente, pois os reagentes são fornecidos em alta concentração por uma maior área da célula. Assim, esta configuração é preferível para aumento de escala. / In this work, different geometric parameters for PEMFC flow channels and their influence in cell performance were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. At first, two mathematical models, the flooded agglomerate model and the Butler-Volmer equations, were compared. It was verified that the equations do not consider mass-transfer losses, while the agglomerate model describes the system more accurately. In a second analysis, rectangular, trapezoidal and step-shaped cross-sections were evaluated. The model with rectangular channels showed a slightly higher electrical performance; however, trapezoidal channels provided better water management. Cells with step-shaped cross-sections were found to be superior to those with trapezoidal channels, due to lower constructive complexity, even though their performance was similar to that of trapezoidal cross-sections in every aspect. Further studies analyzed serpentine and interdigitated channel patterns in 5 cm² cells and their influence in current density uniformity. Again, electrical performance was very similar for both patterns. However, the interdigitated pattern provided more spatial uniformity in current generation, because concentrated reactants are supplied to a wider area of the cell. Thus, this pattern is preferable for fuel cell scaling-up.

Neste trabalho foram analisados diferentes parâmetros geométricos para canais de fluxo em células a combustível tipo PEMFC e sua influência no desempenho do sistema, utilizando a fluidodinâmica computacional. Na análise dos modelos matemáticos, verificou-se que o modelo de aglomerado inundado descreve com maior fidelidade o comportamento de células a combustível, enquanto as equações de Butler-Volmer não consideram as perdas por transporte de massa. Foram avaliadas as seções transversais retangular, trapezoidal e em degrau. O modelo com canais de seção retangular apresentou desempenho elétrico ligeiramente superior, porém os canais com seção trapezoidal propiciam um melhor gerenciamento de água. Em todos os aspectos estudados, os canais com seção em degrau se comportaram de forma análoga aos canais com seção trapezoidal, porém sua construção é menos complexa. Também foram analisadas as configurações serpentina e interdigitada em células de 5 cm², e sua influência na uniformidade da densidade de corrente. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto à eficiência elétrica entre células com as duas configurações. A configuração interdigitada propiciou distribuição mais uniforme de geração de corrente, pois os reagentes são fornecidos em alta concentração por uma maior área da célula. Assim, esta configuração é preferível para aumento de escala. / In this work, different geometric parameters for PEMFC flow channels and their influence in cell performance were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. At first, two mathematical models, the flooded agglomerate model and the Butler-Volmer equations, were compared. It was verified that the equations do not consider mass-transfer losses, while the agglomerate model describes the system more accurately. In a second analysis, rectangular, trapezoidal and step-shaped cross-sections were evaluated. The model with rectangular channels showed a slightly higher electrical performance; however, trapezoidal channels provided better water management. Cells with step-shaped cross-sections were found to be superior to those with trapezoidal channels, due to lower constructive complexity, even though their performance was similar to that of trapezoidal cross-sections in every aspect. Further studies analyzed serpentine and interdigitated channel patterns in 5 cm² cells and their influence in current density uniformity. Again, electrical performance was very similar for both patterns. However, the interdigitated pattern provided more spatial uniformity in current generation, because concentrated reactants are supplied to a wider area of the cell. Thus, this pattern is preferable for fuel cell scaling-up.

This contribution describes the investigation of flow channels which are designed to be directly integrated into an aerospike engine by means of additive manufacturing with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). During the experimental testing of a previous aerospike engine in 2019, it was observed that high surface roughness of such additively manufactured integrated channels caused a significant reduction in the mass flow rates of the propellants ethanol and liquid oxygen as well as the coolant due to increased pressure drop. In an extensive study within the CFDmikroSAT project, various factors influencing this surface roughness are, therefore, being investigated, which include the geometry of the channels as well as selected manufacturing parameters of the LPBF process, such as layer thickness and component orientation. To further reduce the roughness after manufacturing, suitable post-processing methods are also being investigated for internal cavities, initially analysing the abrasive flow machining process. Within the paper, the overall investigation approach is presented, such as the overview of the considered specimens, and the initial results of a various studies with selected specimens are discussed. These studies consist of the examination of surface roughness reduction, shape accuracy and flow behaviour of post-processed cooling channel specimens. Finally, a brief overview of the already manufactured aerospike demonstrator is presented.

ith one controlled extraction and one uncontrolled extraction, calculation of the flow channel at all stage, design and calculation of the regulation valve and create connection diagram of steam turbine and air cooled condenser. At the beginning of this work is an overview of manufacturers of steam turbines and their unified products. Master thesis was developer with G-Team, a.s. as using calculations and the instructions given in the recommended literature with supporting CFD simulations to determine the loss coefficients and FEA simulations to determine the eigenfrequencies blades.