Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um sistema de controle ativo para supressão de flutter de uma asa utilizando-se sensores de pressão em pontos estratégicos de sua superfície. O flutter é um fenômeno aeroelástico que caracteriza um acoplamento instável entre estrutura flexível e escoamento aerodinâmico não estacionário. Quando a modificação da estrutura ou da aerodinâmica da asa não é viável, o uso de sistemas de controle passa a ser uma boa opção. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema de controle proposto, é primeiramente desenvolvido um modelo numérico de asa flexível. Com esse modelo numérico e a pressão na superfície da asa medida em certos pontos e realimentada ao sistema controlador, são determinadas correções no ângulo de uma superfície de controle no bordo de fuga. A tentativa de se utilizar um sistema de controle bem simples, com o uso de um único sensor de pressão, mostra a viabilidade de se implementar um sistema deste tipo em aeronaves reais. Esse sistema pode tornar-se uma alternativa aos desenvolvidos até então com o uso de acelerômetros, além de ser útil em sistemas onde se procura prever o estol e observar o comportamento da distribuição de pressão sobre a asa em vôo. / In this work, a wing flutter suppression active control system using pressure sensors in strategic points is developed. Flutter is an aeroelastic phenomenon characterized by an unstable coupling of a flexible structure and a non-stationary aerodynamic flow. When changes of the wing structure or of the aerodynamics are not viable, the use of automatic control systems becomes a good option. For the developing of the suggested control system, a numeric model of a finite flexible wing is firstly done. With this model and the pressure over the wing surface read in certain points and fedback to the control system, changes of the control surface angle on the trailing edge are determined. The attempt to use a simple control system, with a unique pressure sensor shows the viability of implanting this kind of system in real aircrafts. This system may become an alternative to those developed until now, using accelerometers. Yet, it could be useful, in systems where it is necessary to predict stall and observe the pressure load behavior over the wing in flight.

Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um sistema de controle ativo para supressão de flutter de uma asa utilizando-se sensores de pressão em pontos estratégicos de sua superfície. O flutter é um fenômeno aeroelástico que caracteriza um acoplamento instável entre estrutura flexível e escoamento aerodinâmico não estacionário. Quando a modificação da estrutura ou da aerodinâmica da asa não é viável, o uso de sistemas de controle passa a ser uma boa opção. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema de controle proposto, é primeiramente desenvolvido um modelo numérico de asa flexível. Com esse modelo numérico e a pressão na superfície da asa medida em certos pontos e realimentada ao sistema controlador, são determinadas correções no ângulo de uma superfície de controle no bordo de fuga. A tentativa de se utilizar um sistema de controle bem simples, com o uso de um único sensor de pressão, mostra a viabilidade de se implementar um sistema deste tipo em aeronaves reais. Esse sistema pode tornar-se uma alternativa aos desenvolvidos até então com o uso de acelerômetros, além de ser útil em sistemas onde se procura prever o estol e observar o comportamento da distribuição de pressão sobre a asa em vôo. / In this work, a wing flutter suppression active control system using pressure sensors in strategic points is developed. Flutter is an aeroelastic phenomenon characterized by an unstable coupling of a flexible structure and a non-stationary aerodynamic flow. When changes of the wing structure or of the aerodynamics are not viable, the use of automatic control systems becomes a good option. For the developing of the suggested control system, a numeric model of a finite flexible wing is firstly done. With this model and the pressure over the wing surface read in certain points and fedback to the control system, changes of the control surface angle on the trailing edge are determined. The attempt to use a simple control system, with a unique pressure sensor shows the viability of implanting this kind of system in real aircrafts. This system may become an alternative to those developed until now, using accelerometers. Yet, it could be useful, in systems where it is necessary to predict stall and observe the pressure load behavior over the wing in flight.

This study presents the theoretical analysis of an active flutter suppression methodology applied to a smart fin. The smart fin consists of a cantilever aluminum plate-like structure with surface bonded piezoelectric (PZT, Lead- Zirconate-Titanate) patches. A thermal analogy method for the purpose of modeling of piezoelectric actuators in MSC&reg / /NASTRAN based on the analogy between thermal strains and piezoelectric strains was presented. The results obtained by the thermal analogy were compared with the reference results and very good agreement was observed. The unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on the structure were calculated by using a linear two-dimensional Doublet-Lattice Method available in MSC&reg / /NASTRAN. These aerodynamic loads were approximated as rational functions of the Laplace variable by using one of the aerodynamic approximation schemes, Roger&amp / #8217 / s approximation, with least-squares method. These approximated aerodynamic loads together with the structural matrices obtained by the finite element method were used to develop the aeroelastic equations of motion of the smart fin in state-space form. The Hinf robust controllers were then designed for the state-space aeroelastic model of the smart fin by considering both SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) and MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) system models. The verification studies of the controllers showed satisfactory flutter suppression performance around the flutter point and a significant improvement in the flutter speed of the smart fin was also observed.

Flutter is one of the most important phenomena in which aerodynamic surfaces become unstable in certain flight conditions. Since the 1930&amp / #8217 / s many studies were conducted in the areas of flutter prediction in design stage, research of design methods for flutter prevention, derivation and confirmation of flutter flight envelopes via tests, and in similar subjects for aircraft wings. With the use of controllers in 1960&amp / #8217 / s, studies on the active flutter suppression began. First the classical controllers were used. Then, with the improvement of the controller synthesis methods, optimal controllers and later robust controllers started to be used. However, there are not many studies in the literature about fully movable control surfaces, commonly referred to as fins. Fins are used as missile control surfaces, and they can also be used as a horizontal stabilizer or as a canard in aircraft. In the scope of this thesis, controllers satisfying the performance and flutter suppression requirements of a fin are synthesized and compared. For this purpose, H2, Hinf, and mu controllers are used. A new flutter suppression method is proposed and used. In order to assess the performance of this method, results obtained are compared with the results of another flutter suppression method given in the literature. or the purpose of implementation of the controllers developed, aeroelastic model equations are derived by using the typical section wing model with thin airfoil assumption. The controller synthesis method is tested for aeroelastic models that are veloped for various flow regimes / namely, steady incompressible subsonic, unsteady incompressible subsonic, nsteady compressible subsonic, and unsteady compressible supersonic.

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