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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Emergência de flutuações de atividade em modelos de redes corticais com populações neurais heterogêneas / Emergence of activity fluctuations in cortical network models with heterogeneous neural populations

Pena, Rodrigo Felipe de Oliveira 06 December 2018 (has links)
Em modelos de redes corticais com neuronios pulsantes, os mecanismos responsaveis pela emergencia e impacto de flutuacoes de atividade neuronal ainda nao estao completamente entendidos. Neste trabalho, modelos computacionais de redes corticais foram utilizados para investigar como flutuacoes ritmicas e nao-ritmicas surgem e suas possiveis consequencias. Foram estudadas redes com dois tipos de topologia: aleatoria e hierarquica modular, esta ultima inspirada em evidencias experimentais para a arquitetura cortical. Foram utilizados tres diferentes modelos simplificados de neuronios: integra-e-dispara, Izhikevich e integra-e-dispara exponencial com adaptacao. Primeiramente, estudou-se a ocorrencia de atividade auto-sustentada em redes hierarquicas modulares compostas por populacoes de neuronios de classes eletrofisiologicas distintas. Nesses modelos, os padroes de atividade auto-sustentada de longa duracao sao oscilatorios e seu tempo de vida depende do nivel hierarquico e da mistura de neuronios na rede. Em seguida, estudou-se o efeito da introducao de ruido sinaptico em modelos de redes aleatorias. Observou-se o aparecimento de alternancia intermitente entre atividade ritmica e nao-ritmica com caracteristicas similares a estados corticais sincronos e assincronos, respectivamente. Desenvolveu-se a extensao de uma abordagem reducionista para redes neuronais homogeneas, em que um esquema iterativo auto-consistente e usado para que um unico neuronio gere trens de disparo com propriedades estatisticas de segunda ordem similares as de uma rede, para o caso de redes neuronais heterogeneas. Mostrou-se que essa abordagem captura situacoes em que flutuacoes de atividade lentas emergem. Finalmente, utilizou-se o esquema reducionista e ferramentas de teoria de informacao para estudar a emergencia de flutuacoes de atividade lentas e sua propagacao em redes hierarquicas modulares. Os resultados mostram que a propagacao de informacao pela rede depende do numero de modulos, sugerindo que ha um nivel hierarquico otimo para a propagacao de informacao. Os estudos feitos contribuem para aprofundar o entendimento da relacao entre estrutura e composicao neuronal em modelos de redes corticais e indicam mecanismos de emergencia e manutencao de flutuacoes de atividade nessas redes / In cortical network models with spiking neurons, the mechanisms responsible for the emergence and impact of neuronal activity fluctuations are not yet completely understood. In this work, computational models of cortical networks were used to investigate how rhythmic and non-rhythmic fluctuations arise and their possible consequences. Networks with two types of topology were studied: random and hierarchical modular, this latter inspired on experimental evidence about cortical architecture. Three different simplified spiking neuron models were used: integrate-and-fire, Izhikevich, and integrate-and-fire with adaptation. Initially, the types of self-sustained activity patterns that emerge in hierarchical modular networks with mixtures of electrophysiological neuronal classes were studied. In these models, the long-duration self-sustained activity patterns are oscillatory and their lifetime depend on the hierarchical level of the network and its neuronal composition. Next, the effect of the introduction of synaptic noise in random networks was studied. These networks displayed intermittent alternations between rhythmic and non-rhythmic activity patterns with characteristics similar to synchronous and asynchronous cortical states, respectively. A reductionist approach for homogeneous neuronal networks, in which an iterative self-consistent scheme is used so that a single neuron spike train generates second-order statistical properties similar to the ones of a network, was extended to heterogeneous networks. It was shown that this reductionist scheme captures situations in which slow activity fluctuations emerge. Finally, the reductionist scheme and information theoretical tools were used to study the emergence of slow activity fluctuations and their propagation through hierarchical modular networks. The results show that the information propagation in the network depends on the number of modules, suggesting an optimal hierarchical level for information propagation. The studies done contribute to deepen the understanding of the relationship between structure and neuronal composition in cortical network models, and point to mechanisms of emergence and maintenance of activity fluctuations in these networks

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