Thesis (M.S. in veterinary science)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 22, 2010). "College of Veterinary Medicine." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-35).

Two common nematodes that affect young horses are cyathostomes (small strongyles) and Parascaris equorum (ascarids). It has been recently found that populations of these nematodes are resistant to common anthelmintics used to control them. Small strongyles have been found to be resistant to pyrantel and fenbendazole, while ascarids have been found to be resistant to ivermectin. This represents a unique dilemma in controlling the gastrointestinal nematode population in the foal. It has been shown in other host species that combination anthelmintics can be used to successfully treat resistant nematodes. The current study utilized 28 foals and was conducted from April to November 2007. The foals were allocated into age cohorts and randomly assigned a treatment regimen. Group I was administered ivermectin at 0.2 mg/kg BW. Group II was administered ivermectin at 0.2-mg/kg BW and pyrantel pamoate at 6.6 mg/kg BW. Group III was administered ivermectin at 0.2-mg/kg BW and fenbendazole at 10 mg/kg BW. Group IV was administered pyrantel pamoate at 6.6 mg/kg BW and fenbendazole at 10 mg/kg BW. Fecal samples were collected at time of treatment and two wk post treatment to determine effectiveness in removing egg producing adult nematodes. Each age cohort was then treated 30 d later with a different anthelmintic or combination. That is, foals in group I were treated as those in group II, group II to treatment III, group III to treatment IV, and group IV to treatment I. Over a period of 4 mo, each foal received at least one treatment in consecutive order. The difference of egg counts (pre-treatment minus post-treatment) for small strongyles treated with ivermectin (IVM) was 29.39 eggs per g (EPG), 5.44 EPG for ivermectin with pyrantel (PRT), 3.85 EPG for ivermectin with fenbendazole (FBZ), and -8.32 EPG for pyrantel with fenbendazole. There was a significant difference when comparing IVM to IVM PRT (P = 0.0018), IVM vs. IVM FBZ (P = 0.0010), and IVM vs. PRT FBZ (P < 0.0001). IVM was more effective than each of the other treatments. There was no influence of treatment on ascarid EPG (P > 0.1184).

Environmental samples (air and soil) were collected from thoroughbred breeding farms with different prevalences of R. equi pneumonia to increase our understanding of the ecology of virulent R. equi on horse farms. The airborne population of virulent R. equi was a major focus of this research, as inhalation of the pathogen from the environment is considered the primary route of pulmonary infection. Air sampling was performed using an air monitoring system with selective media to facilitate the recovery of R. equi, allowing quantitative measurement of airborne virulent R. equi. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridisation techniques were used to evaluate environmental samples to identify and differentiate R. equi.

Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc (Production Animal Studies, Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

No description available.

Įvairaus amžiaus kumeliukų ir jaunų žirgų jaukinimas ir treniravimas turi įtakos įvairiems žirgininkystės ir žirginio sporto bei pajėgumo išbandymų aspektams. Jaunų žirgų treniravimo ir jaukinimo metodikų efektyvumas turi ženklią įtaką darbe su žirgais įvykstančius nelaimingus atsitikimus. Taip net 85 procentai nuo bendrai visose gyvulininkystės šakose gaunamų traumų yra būtent žirgininkystės industrijoje gaunamos žmonių traumos ir jų žūtys. (J. Landercasper). Nuo žirgų paklusnumo lygio ar jų neigiamų charakterio bruožų priklauso daugelio žmonių, susijusių su jaunais ir suaugusiais žirgais, sveikata ar net gyvybė. Su žirgais kasdien dirba ir yra jų įtakos sferoje kalviai, kaustantys žirgus, veterinarijos gydytojai, atliekantys pačias įvairiausias neretai skausmingas žirgams procedūras, žirgų treneriai, bei sportininkai ir laisvalaikį praleidžiantys žirgų mėgėjai. Reikia pažymėti, kad su žirgais dirba, sportuoja, juos prižiūri įvairiausio amžiaus žmonės. Pradedant penkiamečiais vaikais ir baigiant senjorais. Tai kelia papildomus reikalavimus jaunų ir suaugusių pačių įvairiausių arklių veislių bei panaudojimo krypčių žirgų pratinimui ir ugdymui. Darbo tikslas yra nustatyti imprintingo įtaką Trakėnų veislės kumeliukų charakteriui ir tolimesniam jo ugdymui. Šiam tikslui buvo iškeltos atitinkamos darbo užduotys: išanalizuoti kumelių laikymo, šėrimo ir kergimo sąlygas Vilniaus ir Nemuno žirgynuose; įvertinti kumelių ir kumeliukų elgesį po kumeliavimosi; išanalizuoti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Of all ages in foals and young horses training has an impact on different horse and equestrian trials and capacity aspects. Young horse training techniques have a significant impact on the efficiency of the work of riding accidents that occur. As many as 85 percent of the total in all livestock sectors received injuries are exactly the equestrian industry people received injuries and deaths. (J. Landercasper). From horse obedience class or negative character of many people associated with the young and adult horses, health and even life. With riding daily work and their sphere of influence, blacksmiths, perishing horses, veterinarians perform a whole range of often painful procedures for horses, horse trainers, and athletes and spend their leisure horse lovers. It should be noted that the horses work, sports, supervised by people of all ages. Starting with five year children and ending with seniors. This puts additional requirements of young and adult a wide variety of horse breeds and horse use directions habituating and education. The aim of this set Imprinting effect Trakehner breed foals character and its further development. Work to achieve the following tasks are: analyze mares storage, feeding and mating conditions for Vilnius and Nemuno for stud; evaluate the mares and foals behavior after foal; to analyze the influence of foal imprinting method for shaping behavior. It was found that in order to achieve good sports results, it is appropriate to apply foals Imprinting... [to full text]

This group of experiments focused on relationships between diet, somatotropic axis, and growth. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are factors in the somatotropic axis, and important to development of growth cartilage in the young animal. The entire study was divided into four main experiments. Characteristics of growth in 113 Thoroughbred foals born over a five year period were described with a series of empirical and physiological equations. Glycemic and insulinemic responses to different feed compositions were evaluated with glycemic response tests. The 24 hr pattern of plasma glucose, insulin, GH, and IGF-I was described in yearlings fed two meals a day. Finally, an association between ADG and IGF-I was described in Thoroughbreds from birth to 16 mo of age. Feeding diets to the foal that influence the somatotropic axis during growth may affect development of growth cartilage in unexpected or detrimental ways. The pattern of weight in Thoroughbred foals from birth to 16 mo of age was most closely described by multiple regression with a combination of age, girth, body length, and physeal circumference (R2 = 0.99). Glycemic and insulinemic responses were significantly higher in yearlings fed a sugar and starch supplement when compared to those fed a fat and fiber supplement (P = 0.043 and 0.031; respectively). Glucose and insulin secretion was significantly affected by the feeding of two meals in a 24 hr period (P < 0.0001). Plasma IGF-I was positively correlated with ADG from birth to 16 mo of age in foals fed either a fat and fiber or sugar and starch supplement (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001). The results from the series of experiments described here suggest a possible role of dietary mangement in reducing the risk of skeletal disorders that involve the influence of IGF-I on chondrocyte maturation. / Ph. D.

The response of foals to the stress of weaning was examined in terms of a behavioral protocol and the responses of plasma ascorbate, serun1 cortisol, and the serum cortisol response to an ACTH challenge. Behavior scores (1 to 10) as an index of stress were assigned to each foal daily, with high scores indicating less stress and better adjustment. The experimental plan was a 2 X 2 factorial of pre-weaning diet and stall weaning method. Foals were raised on pasture supplemented with hay and a pelleted concentrate (PHC) or pasture supplemented with hay only (PH). Foals were placed in stalls singly or in pairs for weaning. Gender influences were also examined. The foals exhibited characteristic behavioral and physiological responses to the social dislocative stress of weaning. Behavior scores were lower in paired than in single foals (p = .008) and tended to be lower in PH than PHC foals (p = .15). No differences in post-weaning plasma ascorbate concentrations were found among treatments. Responses of serum cortisol to an ACTH challenge were lower in PH than PHC foals (p = .001) and in paired than single foals (p = .058), and lower responses were taken to represent adrenal depletion arising from stress. Behavior scores were positively correlated with the response of serum cortisol to ACTH. Both behavioral data and the serum cortisol response to ACTH indicate that foals were better able to cope with weaning stress when supplemented with concentrate prior to weaning and when weaned singly. / Master of Science

Holstein calves were photographed and measured over a period of 84 days to determine the feasibility of Image Analysis as a measurement tool. It was determined that the disparity between actual measurements and image analysis measurements decreased as the bone length increased, and that image analysis could be used to monitor growth successfully in large ungulates, using the length of certain bone. Image analysis was then used to evaluate growth in Holstein calves on two weaning programs (weaned early at six weeks of age and weaned later at eight weeks of age). Calves were weighed and photographed over a period of 224 days to determine the effects of weaning on skeletal symmetry. Weaning time did have an affect on the skeletal symmetry of the calves, with calves weaned earlier found to be more asymmetrical. The extent to which skeletal symmetry is affected by a stress is determined by the nature and duration of the stress. The growth and development of Thoroughbred foals was recorded and photographed for a period of 300 days and the relative asymmetry for bilateral traits was assessed. Thoroughbred foal growth correlated to statistics reported over the last twenty eight years. Asymmetry can be detected in growing foals using image analysis. Weaning stress produced some asymmetry that the foals were able to recover from. One can use highly correlated body weight and height measurements to produce a tool stud managers can used to monitor growth. In young training Thoroughbreds (between 18 and 24 months of age), no significant asymmetry was found in the forelimbs but the hind legs displayed asymmetry, which has interesting implications for training and for performance criteria in the racehorse. Tools can be produced to monitor the growth and development of Thoroughbred foals destined to race, which can improve their management and the duration of their racing careers. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.