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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fatores Antinutricionais em Tr?s Esp?cies de Leguminosas Forrageiras. / Antinutritional Factors in Three Forage Legumes Species.

Nepomuceno, Delci de Deus 13 January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Delci de Deus Nepomuceno.pdf: 2585936 bytes, checksum: affdc594602e56d94685fd2c4d55993e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work was divided into three chapters; the first one was carried out for identifying secondary metabolites classes on three forage legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Macrotyloma axillare (archer) and Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean). These sorts of metabolites when present in plants may cause to animal adverse effects resulting ingestion and digestion decreasement and nutrients bioavailabity named antinutritional factors as well as may systematically induce to animal or herd performance decreasement. For this stud, phytochemical prospection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis (NMRA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IS) were performed. Following secondary metabolites classes: organic acids, reducing sugars, depsidians and depsidones, coumarine derivatives, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, saccharides and tannins on three forage legumes species were identified. Puero e perennial soybean for alkaloids presence were compatible. According bibliographic references, secondary metabolites classes have presented antinutritional effects compounds, some of totally dependent on intake and specie like reducing sugars and saccharides responsible for antinutritional effects on monogastric animals as well. The second chapter of this survey was carried out for quantifying condensed tannin content by Stiasny Reaction and for evaluating puero, archer and perennial soybean in vitro foam stability. For tannin quantification separated portions of entire plant, leaves, and stem by Simple Randomized Design with legumes allocated on subdivided parcels and portions on subparcels was used. By analysis of covariance, obtained result average, as well as interactions effects between legumes and portions by Tukey Test (P<0.05) were achieved. In vitro foam stability and yielding evaluation due to produced foam by legumes considered ruminant foamy meteorism potential etiological agent was performed. Simple Randomized Design consisting by subdivided parcels with three replications each was carried out where portions were composed by entire plant, leaves and stem as well as crude methanol extract related to parcels and remaining time (0, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes) for monitoring volume to subparcels. By Tukey Test (P<0.05) each portion averages within each time were compared and by analysis of variance results related to volume and remaining time were submitted to. By statistical analysis of Regression, saved volume effect during time and legumes interaction and checking time were evaluated as well as foam stability interaction in relation to remaining foam was estimated. Condensed tannin content ranged from 1 to 1.6%. In regard to perennial soybean and archer, foam stability produced by entire plant, leaves, stem and legumes methanol extract was considered constant, nevertheless puero showed significative result, creating the following regression equations y= -2.0111x 44.984 for leaf; y= -2.4x 37.957 for stem; y= -2.9049 x 31.779 for plant entire and y= -15.383x 125.31 for methanol extract. The aim of third chapter was to evaluate fungi association to legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean), Macrotyloma axillare (archer), Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) and Arachis pintoi cv Amarillo (pinto), however, due to substances over legumes leaves presenting disgusting feature they have been considered unappropriate to animal feeding. According Barnett and hunter (1990) and Pitt and Hocking (1997) fungi amorphous reproduction elements were used. For fungi macroscopic and microscopic identification, Imprint tape technique, NaOH and blue cotton were used. The following fungi: Alternaria spp, Phitomyces chartarum, Nigrospora spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Pseudomicrodochium spp, Tetraploa spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia spp and Micelia sterilia were reported, at all. / Este trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos, o primeiro realizou-se com o objetivo de identificar as classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes em tr?s leguminosas forrageiras Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical), Macrotyloma axillare (macrotiloma) e Neonotonia wightii (soja perene). Metab?litos estes, que quando presentes em plantas podem provocar efeitos adversos ao animal ocasionando diminui??o na ingest?o, digest?o e biodisponibilidade de nutrientes os que lhes conferem a denomina??o de fatores antinutricionais, estes efeitos podem repercutir de forma sist?mica acarretando diminui??o do desempenho animal ou rebanho. Para este estudo foi realizada a prospec??o fitoqu?mica, an?lise de Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear de Hidrog?nio (RMN 1H) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho (IV). Foram identificadas as seguintes classes de metab?litos secund?rios: ?cidos org?nicos, a??cares redutores, deps?dios e depsidonas, derivados da cumarina, ester?ides e triterpen?ides, saponinas, glicos?deos card?acos, sacar?deos e taninos nas tr?s esp?cies estudadas. O kudzu tropical e soja perene apresentaram ainda sinais compat?veis para a presen?a de alcaloides. As classes de metab?litos secund?rios estudadas apresentam compostos com efeitos antinutricionais para os animais, alguns destes efeitos s?o dependentes da quantidade ingerida e da esp?cie animal como o caso dos sacar?deos e ac?cares redutores que possuem efeitos antinutricionais em monog?stricos segundo literaturas consultadas. O segundo cap?tulo deste trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar o teor de tanino condensado atrav?s da Rea??o de Stiasny e avaliar a estabilidade in vitro da espuma formada pelas leguminosas, kudzu tropical, macrotiloma e soja perene. Para a quantifica??o do tanino, foram tomados em separados as por??es, planta inteira, folhas e haste, utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas alocando-se as leguminosas nas parcelas e as por??es nas subparcelas. A m?dia do resultado obtido foi submetida ? an?lise de vari?ncia e comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey (P<0,05), os efeitos das intera??es entre leguminosas e por??es foram desdobrados pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05) a avalia??o da produ??o e estabilidade da espuma in vitro foi realizada devido ? espuma produzida por leguminosas ser referida como poss?vel agente etiol?gico do meteorismo espumoso em ruminantes. Neste estudo utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com tr?s repeti??es cada, onde as por??es compostas por planta inteira, folhas, e haste e o extratos metan?lico bruto foram consideradas as parcelas e o tempo de repouso (0, 5, 10, 30 e 60min) onde aferiu-se o volume as subparcelas. O resultado referente ao volume produzido e conservado durante o tempo de repouso foi submetido ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as m?dias de cada por??o dentro de cada tempo foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0.05) o efeito do volume conservado durante o tempo e a intera??o entre leguminosas e tempo de aferi??o foi desdobrados pela an?lise de regress?o e a intera??o da estabilidade da espuma formada foi avaliada em fun??o da porcentagem de espuma remanescente. Como resultado deste estudo o teor de tanino condensado variou de 1 a 1,6%. Quanto ? estabilidade da espuma produzida pelas por??es planta inteira, folha, haste e extrato metan?lico das leguminosas foi considerada est?vel para as por??es referentes ? soja perene e macrotiloma, entretanto o kudzu apresentou um resultado significativo para a estabilidade da espuma para as quatros por??es em estudos, gerando as equa??es de regress?o y=-2,0111x44,984 para a por??o folha; y= -2,4x37,957 para a por??o haste; y= -2,9049x31,779 para a por??o planta inteira e para o extrato metan?lico a equa??o y= -15,383x 125,31. O objetivo da realiza??o do terceiro cap?tulo deste estudo foi avaliar a associa??o de fungos com as leguminosas: Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical), Neonotonia wightii (soja perene), Macrotyloma axillare (macrotiloma), Calopogonium mucunoides (calopog?nio) e Arachis pintoi cv.amarillo (amendoim forrageiro) devido ? presen?a de subst?ncias encontradas depositadas sobre as folhas das leguminosas as quais conferiram aspecto repugnante para inclus?o na alimenta??o animal. Para esta avalia??o foram utilizados os elementos de reprodu??o amorfas dos fungos de acordo com as metodologias de Barnett e Hunter, (1990) e Pitt e Hocking, (1997). Na identifica??o observaram-se a macroscopia e microscopia dos fungos utilizando Imprint com fitas adesivas ou lam?nulas de vidro, NaOH e Azul de algod?o, diretamente do material obtido das leguminosas e das col?nias desenvolvidas em Agar Sabouraud Dextrose e Agar Simples, sendo identificados os fungos Alternaria spp, Phitomyces chartarum, Nigrospora spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Pseudomicrodochium spp, Tetraploa spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia spp e Mic?lia ster?lia.

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