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We were developing detection methods for three food allergens of plant origin. We used real-time PCR for soy detection in food oriented on gene lec, that is coding lektine specific for soy. On this target sequence were oriented PCR system with primers Le2F and Le2R and TaqMan probe Le2P. Detection limit (2,75 pg), practical detection limit (0,02 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. Whole system were quantified. Real-time PCR for pistachio detection were based on primers and probe for gene COR. Detection limit (3,5 pg), practical detection limit (0,002 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. For almond detection we were not succeed system, that fulfil all qualitative parametres.

In the present studies we have explored the link between food hypersensitivity and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and evaluated treatment options in primary and recurrent disease. Approximately one third of our IgAN patients had a rectal mucosal sensitivity to gluten, as demonstrated by increased local mucosal nitric oxide production and/or myeloperoxidase release after gluten challenge. The gluten sensitivity seemed to be an innate immune reaction unrelated to the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Approximately half of the patients had a rectal mucosal sensitivity to soy or cow’s milk (CM). The levels of IgG antibodies to alfa-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein were significantly higher in CM sensitive as compared with non-sensitive IgAN patients, indicating that an adaptive immune response might be involved in addition to the innate immune reaction observed. With the knowledge of gastrointestinal reactivity enteric treatment was considered as a potential new treatment approach of IgAN. A 6-month prospective trial demonstrated proof-of-concept for the use of enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocaecal region of IgAN patients. We observed a modest, but significant reduction in urine albumin, a minor reduction of serum creatinine and a modest increase of eGFR calculated by the MDRD equation. eGFR calculated from the Cockcroft-Gault formula and cystatin C was not changed. In a retrospective study recurrence of IgAN and graft loss was evaluated in Norwegian and Swedish patients having received a primary renal transplant due to IgAN. Adjusting for relevant covariates, a multiple Cox-regression analysis on time to IgAN recurrence showed that use of statins was associated with reduced risk of recurrence and reduced risk of graft loss. The time lag from diagnosis to first transplantation and female gender were also associated with lower risk of recurrence. Improved graft survival was associated with related donor, low donor age and no or low number of acute rejection episodes.

Background: According to recent studies in children, IgE sensitization not only against perennial allergens, but also against food allergens, is related to asthma risk and increased airway inflammation. During the last decade, a new technique for IgE determination based on allergen components has become available, but its use in epidemiological studies has been limited. Aims: To investigate the relationship between the pattern of IgE sensitization to allergen components and the prevalence of asthma, airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a population-based setting. To examine the relationship of IgE sensitization to allergen extract, and airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and blood eosinophilia in asthmatics. To examine the natural history of IgE sensitization to food allergens in adults. To compare extract-based and component-based IgE measurements in relation with new-onset respiratory disease and airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Methods: The present thesis is based on cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the adult, the population-based study ECRHS (European Community Health Survey) and a cross-sectional, observational study of young subjects with asthma. IgE sensitization was examined by means of both extract-based and component-based tests. Airway inflammation was assessed by exhaled NO and airway hyperresponsiveness with methacholine test. Results: IgE sensitization to food allergens independently related to increased airway inflammation in both a population-based study and a study of asthmatics. Furthermore, a relation was found with increased blood eosinophils in asthmatics. The decrease in prevalence of IgE sensitization against food allergens during a 9-year follow-up was larger than the decrease of aeroallergens. Subjects with IgE sensitization to both cat extract and components showed more frequent airway inflammation, greater bronchial responsiveness and higher likelihood of developing asthma and rhinitis than subjects with IgE sensitization only to cat extract. Conclusions: The presence of IgE antibodies against food allergens was independently associated with airway and systemic inflammation. Both aeroallergens and food allergens should be examined in order to understand the signaling of local and systemic inflammation in asthma. Prevalence of IgE sensitization to food decreased in adults to a larger extent than IgE sensitization against aeroallergens. Measurement of IgE sensitization to cat allergen components appears to have a higher clinical value than extract-based measurement