Research and development department of the industry are generally depend on the experience rule to design products. But the designing process may be very time consuming. The experience, which the former designer accumulates, is probably unable to pass on to new personnel. This will makes new engineer have to use the traditional way to seek the solution slowly. This paper will study the socket, which test the integrated circuit, with forced convection. To discuss the difference of the inlet and outlet positions and geometry when the high-pressure air flow into the socket. And the fluid distribution may have the influence on heat dissipation result. This study uses Taguchi method with CFD software FLUENT, with different design parameters, to do the numerical simulation on the fluid field. To reach the design parameter of the optimization, Fluent uses the grid adaptive technique; it adjusts and optimizes the grid according to a result of calculation, and then made the result of calculation more accurate to offer more reliable design considerations to the designer.

Customer load characteristics provides very critical information for power system operation. The accuracy of load forecasting and the effective cases of system generation and network planning can be enhanced by the investigation of customer load characteristics. In this thesis, the intelligent meters have been used to collect the power consumption within each 15 minutes of study customers, which have been selected by stratified sampling method. The typical load patterns of each customer class have been derived. The load composition and the power system load profile of Fengshan District in Taipower have been solved by the typical load patterns and the power consumption of each custom class. To investigate the distribution system reliability, the service territory of Fengshan district is divided into six service areas. The forecasting of yearly peak loadings for each area over the future 20 years is performed by the time series method based on the historical load data and load characteristics. By using the forced outage rate ¡]FOR¡^ of main transformers in the substations, the loss of load expectation¡]LOLE¡^ which corresponds to yearly peak loading of each service area is solved. By this way, the capacity expansion planning of main transformers to meet the service reliability can therefore be derived. To further enhance the distribution system planning, the capacity transfer capability of main transformers and the tie line flow capacity between different areas are considered too. It is found that the expansion planning of main transformers by the proposed methodology can provide better cost effectiveness of transformer investment to satisfy the service reliability as well as the system peak loading.

<p>With the present drive in turbomachine engine developmenttowards thinner and lighter bladings, closer spaced blade rowsand higher aerodynamic loads per blade row and blade, advanceddesign criteria and accurate prediction methods for vibrationalproblems such as forced response become increasingly importantin order to be able to address and avoid fatigue failures ofthe machine early in the design process. The present worksupports both the search for applicable design criteria and thedevelopment of advanced prediction methods for forced responsein transonic turbine stages. It is aimed at a betterunderstanding of the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms thatgovern forced response in transonic turbine stages and furtherdevelopment of numerical methods for rotor stator interactionpredictions.</p><p>The investigation of the unsteady aerodynamic excitationmechanisms is based on numerical predictions of thethree-dimensional unsteady flow field in representative testturbine stages. It is conducted in three successive steps. Thefirst step is a documentation of the pressure perturbations onthe blade surface and the distortion sources in the bladepassage. This is performed in a phenomenological manner so thatthe observed pressure perturbations are related to thedistortion phenomena that are present in the blade passage. Thesecond step is the definition of applicable measures toquantify the pressure perturbation strength on the bladesurface. In the third step, the pressure perturbations areintegrated along the blade arc to obtain the dynamic bladeforce. The study comprises an investigation of operationvariations and addresses radial forcing variations. With thehelp of this bottom-up approach the basic forcing mechanisms oftransonic turbine stages are established and potential routesto control the aerodynamic forcing are presented.</p><p>For the computation of rotor stator interaction aerodynamicsfor stages with arbitrary pitch ratios a new numerical methodhas been developed, validated and demonstrated on a transonicturbine test stage. The method, which solves the unsteadythree-dimensional Euler equations, is formulated in thefour-dimensional time-space domain and the derivation of themethod is general such that both phase lagged boundaryconditions and moving grids are considered. Time-inclination isutilised to account for unequal pitchwise periodicity bydistributing time co-ordinates at grid nodes such that thephase lagged boundary conditions can be employed. The method isdemonstrated in a comparative study on a transonic turbinestage with a nominal non integer blade count ratio and anadjusted blade count ratio with a scaled rotor geometry. Thepredictions show significant differences in the blade pressureperturbation signal of the second vane passing frequency, whichwould motivate the application of the new method for rotorstator predictions with non-integer blade count ratios.</p>

Thesis (M.S.S.W.)--University of Texas at Arlington, 2009.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2001 / Pacific Islands Studies

This thesis examines the theatre of Sheffield-based theatre group Forced Entertainment in terms of what art historian Robert Hewison terms 'Social Surrealism'. This term describes a politically engaged series of art practices that developed in Britain under Margaret Thatcher in the late nineteen-eighties. 'Social Surrealist' theatre makers adopted a radically different set of aesthetic strategies to the more traditional leftist political theatre tradition of 'social realism'. While Hewison links these practices to the so-called 'classical' Surrealism theorised by Andr?? Breton, I will argue that a more appropriate and useful Surrealist lineage to account for Forced Entertainment's theatre can be found in the writings of Andr?? Breton's main Surrealist rival, Georges Bataille. This thesis focuses on Bataille's notion of 'the formless' or formlessness, that which undoes and unravels the security and fixity of form, and uses this as a theoretical concept to account for the aesthetics and unravelling theatre practice of Forced Entertainment. This thesis then examines a selection of theatre works by Forced Entertainment, tracing the ways in which these works undo theatre using formlessness.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-310). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19794

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2008. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). Also available online.

Orientador: Cleopatra da Silva Planeta / Banca: Azair Liane Matos do Canto de Souza / Banca: Carlos César Crestani / Banca: Mirtes Costa / Banca: Marcelo Tadeu Marin / Resumo: O estresse, atualmente, é considerado um fator importante na fisiopatologia de muitos distúrbios psiquiátricos. Embora os efeitos do estresse agudo possam ser contrabalanceados por respostas adaptativas, o estresse intenso, repetido ou prolongado pode eliciar alterações neuronais duradouras que constituirão as bases de doenças psiquiátricas, como a depressão. Levantamentos epidemiológicos também mostram elevada prevalência de tabagistas entre pacientes com depressão maior. Estas altas taxas de comorbidade sugerem uma provável relação causal: pacientes com depressão proeminente procurariam a nicotina para alívio dos sintomas. Assim, este trabalho investigou as alterações neuroquímicas e neuroendócrinas mediadas pela nicotina na resposta de adaptação ao estresse, utilizando-se, para tanto, o teste modificado da natação forçada (TNF). Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos ao TNF (30 cm de água, 24 ± 1ºC) por 15 min e tratados (1, 19 e 23h) com nicotina (NIC: 0,5 mg/kg, sc), imipramina (IMI: 15 mg/kg, ip) ou salina (SAL). Uma hora após a última injeção, os animais foram reexpostos (5 min) à mesma cuba. Imediatamente após o teste, os animais foram sacrificados; o hipocampo dorsal (HD) e ventral (HV), hipotálamo (HT) e os núcleos dorsal (DR) e mediano (MR) da rafe foram coletados por punch para quantificação de 5-HT, 5-HIAA e NA por HPLC e o sangue, para quantificação da corticosterona plasmática por radioimunoensaio. O hipocampo total também foi utilizado para avaliar a expressão do receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1A e do glicorreceptor (GR) por western blot. Ainda, avaliou-se o efeito da prazosina nas alterações neuroquímicas induzidas pelo TNF. O tratamento subcrônico com NIC e IMI reduziu em 39% e 50%, respectivamente, o parâmetro de imobilidade e aumentou em 52% e 66%, respectivamente, as contagens de escalada, em relação ao grupo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Stress is considered a key component in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases. Although the effects of acute stress can be counterbalanced by adaptative responses, intense, repeated or prolonged stress can elicit long lasting neuronal alterations that are related to the occurrence of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. Epidemiological studies have also identified a high prevalence of smokers among depressive patients. These observations suggest a causal relationship: smoking is a self-medication effort to alleviate some symptoms of depression by nicotine. Then, this study investigated nicotine mediatedneurochemical and neuroendocrine alterations in the adaptation response to stress. The modified forced swmming test (FST), a protocol originally employed for screnning new antidepressant drugs, was employed. Male Wistar rats were placed individually into a container (30-cm of water, 24±1ºC, 15 min - pretest). Then animals received nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline injections at 1, 19 and 23h after the pretest. One hour after the injections, animals were placed in the same container for 5 min. Immediately after, the animals were sacrificed; dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) hippocampus, hypothalamus (HT) and dorsal (DR) and median (MR) raphe nuclei were collected by punch for measurement of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and NA by HPLC (expressed in ng/mg tissue). Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma corticosterone levels by radioimmunoassay. The whole hippocampus was also used to evaluate the expression of the 5-HT1A serotoninergic receptor and glucocorticoid receptor by western blot. The effects of prazosin in TNF induced-neurochemical alterations was also evaluated. Nicotine and imipramine decreased in 39% and 50%, respectively, the immobility behavior and increased in 52% and 66%, respectively, the climbing scores, in relation to saline... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor