The dissertation critiques certain developments on the legal definition of genocide while also showing how Canada has failed to comply with customary international laws. It develops the argument that the forcible transferring of Indigenous Peoples’ children into the dominating society meets the criteria set out in the Genocide Convention. The issue will be examined from a “cognitive” lens of domination and dehumanization that unpacks the destructive framework of colonialism in international law. This is necessary because the euphemistic colonial language employed to benignly characterize the destruction experienced by Indigenous Peoples’ children conceals the reality of the genocidal harm against the Original Nations in the Western Hemisphere and globally. The forcible transferring of children from one group to another group causes the collective serious bodily and mental harm onto scores of Indigenous Peoples’ children and ultimately Indigenous Nations as human groups. This violates articles 2 (b) and (e) of the Convention. The Canadian Criminal Code and the limited definition of genocide are integral to the colonial oppressive relationship in international law. This thesis has two objectives, first, to name and describe the experience of genocide experienced by Indigenous Peoples. Second, the thesis analyzes whether the Canadian state has violated the Genocide Convention.

My doctoral studies contribute toward situating the health of mothering women who have been forcibly displaced within the nursing discipline. Specifically, public health nursing processes used while working with and supporting mothering women who have been forcibly displaced were explored. I use the terms mothering women who have been forcibly displaced to convey and articulate the locations shaping this specific population of women. In doing so, I put emphasis on the women who have been impacted by forcible displacement and pushed into a marginalized state. This approach to terminology also conveys the multiple complexities experienced by these women which public health nurses have the opportunity to engage with. The following question guided this dissertation: How do public health nurses work with women who are mothering and managing the effects of their refugee status? This question was approached using two distinct methodologies. The first was a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) qualitative systematic review in which I identified, critically appraised and synthesized current knowledge on nurses’ experiences of providing care to mothering women who have been forcibly displaced. Of note, the JBI review question was broadened to include nurses caring for women experiencing any form of precarious migrant status. This was due to the limited number of articles addressing the concept of nurses caring specifically for maternal refugee women. The second approach was a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) using intersectionality as an analytical tool. In this study I described the processes public health nurses used to establish trusting relationships with mothering refugee women. Findings within the JBI review and CGT study included nurses identifying inequities women faced as stemming from their precarious migrant status and thereby needing to flex care provision to meet women’s needs. The findings also demonstrated the need to examine uptake of trauma-informed principles within care with focus on how organizations are structurally supporting nursing in their practice. I conclude this dissertation with the Afterword Chapter which is a summary and synthesis of significant findings and nursing implications. / Graduate / 2022-07-27

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Thesis (MDev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The purpose of this study was to assess the socio-economic effects of farm evictions in Mogale City Local Municipality, Gauteng Province. Most of the land owners do not adhere to the legislations which govern evictions in general and to the Extension of Security of Tenure Act which governs farm eviction on specific. The key objectives of the study were to identify the socio-economic effects of farm evictions and to analyse how the affected communities responded to the phenomenon of evictions. The key questions were what are the socio-economic effects do eviction have on farm dwellers and how have the affected communities responded to the phenomenon of eviction. The literature revealed that evictions around the world started decades ago and to date are still happening. In Zimbabwe, evictions were initiated by white farmers as a way of redressing the imbalance of the land ownership; in China evictions are mainly caused by rapid population growth and expansion of cities, in Namibia, Germans expropriated land and forcefully removed original owners of such land. Since independence, Namibia has no legislation governing evictions and this pose a thread of tenure insecurity. Although South Africa has legislations which govern the evictions, evictions are still taking place and mostly initiated by white land owners. The quantitative survey study was conducted to determine the distribution of socio-economic variables before and after the eviction. The primary data was collected, using semi-structured questionnaires which the interviewer administered to the evicted households. The findings revealed that electricity supply, garbage collection, personal care, household income, access to health facilities are negatively affected and the condition of the households deteriorated after the eviction. The main recommendation on the basis of the findings is that the MCLM, DRDLR and NDHS should adhere to the principles outlined in the article 25(1) of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. This would reduce the negative impact of evictions.

This Dissertation is the benefit to studying of the questions of the oral history of forcibly ejected inhabitants of Neveklov and its neighbourhoods during the 2nd World War. About this region, there exists authentic testimony and this territory is fixed in the collective memory. The oral history is a highly valued literary source. Its value is in the authenticity, which is characterized by selectivity and represents another point of view. The essay brings the unique opportunity to get acquainted with witnesses of the wartime. At present this testimony is unknown or is being forgotten in the offical documents. The essay follows the researches of Jaromír Jech from the middle of the last century. If we compare the results of both researches, we get the view of the importance of forcible displacement of Czech inhabitants in a demarcated region. Result of this work is the analysis of the results obtained with the help of the modern approaches that are based on the method of the oral history, which is a part of the qualitative research, with an emphasis on general objectives and context. The essay brings new testimonies of events that have not been presented and published yet. It also simultaneously maps over the current state, i.e. the reflection of the forcible war persecution on the present times and...