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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Síntese e dopagem com érbio de forsterita nanoestruturada e sua caracterização microestrutural e de propriedades óticas

Zampiva, Rubia Young Sun January 2017 (has links)
A forsterita é um óxido ternário que pertence ao grupo mineral das olivinas. Sua formula empírica é Mg2SiO4, sendo principalmente composta pelo ânion SiO44- e pelo cátion Mg2+ na proporção molar de 1:2. A estrutura do Mg2SiO4 consiste de tetraedros de (SiO4)4- isolados, onde cada um dos oxigênios do tetraedro é compartilhado por três cátions octaédricos (MgO6). Os sítios octaédricos possuem duas conformações cristalográficas não equivalentes, sendo uma maior e menos organizada em relação à outra, ambos os sítios podem ser substituídos por íons tais como metais de transição e terras raras. Esta conformação estrutural faz da forsterita um promissor hospedeiro para aplicações óticas. Entre as terras raras, destaca-se o érbio que já é amplamente aplicado em telecomunicações. O íon Er3+ apresenta conversão ascendente (absorção de dois fótons de menor energia, com emissão em regiões de maior energia) quando excitado no infravermelho próximo emitindo no UV-vis, mantendo esta propriedade de conversão de energia como dopante em diferentes hospedeiros. Conforme o hospedeiro, as linhas de absorção e emissão podem variar em intensidade e posição no espectro. Em outras palavras, o íon dopante pode apresentar propriedades óticas distintas dependendo do hospedeiro em que for inserido. Devido ao leque de possibilidades que se abrem quando as estruturas de forsterita são dopadas, principalmente quando se trata das suas propriedades óticas, e aproveitando das interessantes propriedades das terras raras, em especial do érbio, neste trabalho foram produzidas diferentes nanoestruturas de forsterita dopadas com érbio (nanopartículas, nanofilmes, estruturas unidimensionais e bulk a partir das nanopartículas) para aplicação em três emergentes distintos campos: Biomedicina, produção de energias limpas e lasers de estado sólido com aplicabilidade em macro e nanodispositivos. O sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ é apresentado pela primeira vez nesta tese. As análises de conversão ascendente e descendente para todas as estruturas compostas por este sistema apresentaram atividade na faixa ótica de interesse das aplicações sugeridas. Estas somadas a possibilidade de produção a baixo custo com elevada qualidade, quantidade e reprodutibilidade, tornam o sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ um material com potencial aplicação industrial. / Forsterite is a ternary oxide that belongs to the olivine mineral group. Its empirical formula is Mg2SiO4, mainly consisting of SiO44- anions and Mg2+ cations in the molar ratio of 1: 2. The structure of Mg2SiO4 consists of isolated (SiO4)4-tetrahedra, where each of the tetrahedral oxygens is shared by three octahedral cations (MgO6). The octahedral sites have two non-equivalent crystallographic conformations, one being larger and less organized relativily to the other, and both sites can be replaced by ions such as transition metals and rare earths. This structural conformation makes forsterite a promising host for optical applications. Among rare earths, the erbium, which is already widely applied in telecommunications, stands out. The Er3+ ion presents the upconversion phenomenon (absorption of two photons of lower energy, with emission in higher energy regions) when excited in the near infrared with emission in the UV-vis, keeping the upconversion property as dopant in different hosts. According to the host, the absorption and emission lines can vary in intensity and position in the spectrum. In other words, the dopant ion can present distinct optical properties depending on the host in which it is inserted. Based on the forsterite and erbium properties, this present thesis proposes the synthesis of erbium doped forsterite nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanofilms, one-dimensional structures and bulk from nanoparticles) for application in three different emerging fields: Biomedicine, clean energy and solid state lasers with applicability in macro and nanodevices. The Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system is presented for the first time in this thesis, for the best of our knowledge. The upconversion and downconversion analyses for all erbium concentrations studied in this system showed activity in the optical range of interest of the suggested applications. These results, combined with the possibility of low cost production with high quality, quantity and reproducibility make the Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system a material with potential for industrial application.
2

Síntese e dopagem com érbio de forsterita nanoestruturada e sua caracterização microestrutural e de propriedades óticas

Zampiva, Rubia Young Sun January 2017 (has links)
A forsterita é um óxido ternário que pertence ao grupo mineral das olivinas. Sua formula empírica é Mg2SiO4, sendo principalmente composta pelo ânion SiO44- e pelo cátion Mg2+ na proporção molar de 1:2. A estrutura do Mg2SiO4 consiste de tetraedros de (SiO4)4- isolados, onde cada um dos oxigênios do tetraedro é compartilhado por três cátions octaédricos (MgO6). Os sítios octaédricos possuem duas conformações cristalográficas não equivalentes, sendo uma maior e menos organizada em relação à outra, ambos os sítios podem ser substituídos por íons tais como metais de transição e terras raras. Esta conformação estrutural faz da forsterita um promissor hospedeiro para aplicações óticas. Entre as terras raras, destaca-se o érbio que já é amplamente aplicado em telecomunicações. O íon Er3+ apresenta conversão ascendente (absorção de dois fótons de menor energia, com emissão em regiões de maior energia) quando excitado no infravermelho próximo emitindo no UV-vis, mantendo esta propriedade de conversão de energia como dopante em diferentes hospedeiros. Conforme o hospedeiro, as linhas de absorção e emissão podem variar em intensidade e posição no espectro. Em outras palavras, o íon dopante pode apresentar propriedades óticas distintas dependendo do hospedeiro em que for inserido. Devido ao leque de possibilidades que se abrem quando as estruturas de forsterita são dopadas, principalmente quando se trata das suas propriedades óticas, e aproveitando das interessantes propriedades das terras raras, em especial do érbio, neste trabalho foram produzidas diferentes nanoestruturas de forsterita dopadas com érbio (nanopartículas, nanofilmes, estruturas unidimensionais e bulk a partir das nanopartículas) para aplicação em três emergentes distintos campos: Biomedicina, produção de energias limpas e lasers de estado sólido com aplicabilidade em macro e nanodispositivos. O sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ é apresentado pela primeira vez nesta tese. As análises de conversão ascendente e descendente para todas as estruturas compostas por este sistema apresentaram atividade na faixa ótica de interesse das aplicações sugeridas. Estas somadas a possibilidade de produção a baixo custo com elevada qualidade, quantidade e reprodutibilidade, tornam o sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ um material com potencial aplicação industrial. / Forsterite is a ternary oxide that belongs to the olivine mineral group. Its empirical formula is Mg2SiO4, mainly consisting of SiO44- anions and Mg2+ cations in the molar ratio of 1: 2. The structure of Mg2SiO4 consists of isolated (SiO4)4-tetrahedra, where each of the tetrahedral oxygens is shared by three octahedral cations (MgO6). The octahedral sites have two non-equivalent crystallographic conformations, one being larger and less organized relativily to the other, and both sites can be replaced by ions such as transition metals and rare earths. This structural conformation makes forsterite a promising host for optical applications. Among rare earths, the erbium, which is already widely applied in telecommunications, stands out. The Er3+ ion presents the upconversion phenomenon (absorption of two photons of lower energy, with emission in higher energy regions) when excited in the near infrared with emission in the UV-vis, keeping the upconversion property as dopant in different hosts. According to the host, the absorption and emission lines can vary in intensity and position in the spectrum. In other words, the dopant ion can present distinct optical properties depending on the host in which it is inserted. Based on the forsterite and erbium properties, this present thesis proposes the synthesis of erbium doped forsterite nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanofilms, one-dimensional structures and bulk from nanoparticles) for application in three different emerging fields: Biomedicine, clean energy and solid state lasers with applicability in macro and nanodevices. The Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system is presented for the first time in this thesis, for the best of our knowledge. The upconversion and downconversion analyses for all erbium concentrations studied in this system showed activity in the optical range of interest of the suggested applications. These results, combined with the possibility of low cost production with high quality, quantity and reproducibility make the Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system a material with potential for industrial application.
3

Síntese e dopagem com érbio de forsterita nanoestruturada e sua caracterização microestrutural e de propriedades óticas

Zampiva, Rubia Young Sun January 2017 (has links)
A forsterita é um óxido ternário que pertence ao grupo mineral das olivinas. Sua formula empírica é Mg2SiO4, sendo principalmente composta pelo ânion SiO44- e pelo cátion Mg2+ na proporção molar de 1:2. A estrutura do Mg2SiO4 consiste de tetraedros de (SiO4)4- isolados, onde cada um dos oxigênios do tetraedro é compartilhado por três cátions octaédricos (MgO6). Os sítios octaédricos possuem duas conformações cristalográficas não equivalentes, sendo uma maior e menos organizada em relação à outra, ambos os sítios podem ser substituídos por íons tais como metais de transição e terras raras. Esta conformação estrutural faz da forsterita um promissor hospedeiro para aplicações óticas. Entre as terras raras, destaca-se o érbio que já é amplamente aplicado em telecomunicações. O íon Er3+ apresenta conversão ascendente (absorção de dois fótons de menor energia, com emissão em regiões de maior energia) quando excitado no infravermelho próximo emitindo no UV-vis, mantendo esta propriedade de conversão de energia como dopante em diferentes hospedeiros. Conforme o hospedeiro, as linhas de absorção e emissão podem variar em intensidade e posição no espectro. Em outras palavras, o íon dopante pode apresentar propriedades óticas distintas dependendo do hospedeiro em que for inserido. Devido ao leque de possibilidades que se abrem quando as estruturas de forsterita são dopadas, principalmente quando se trata das suas propriedades óticas, e aproveitando das interessantes propriedades das terras raras, em especial do érbio, neste trabalho foram produzidas diferentes nanoestruturas de forsterita dopadas com érbio (nanopartículas, nanofilmes, estruturas unidimensionais e bulk a partir das nanopartículas) para aplicação em três emergentes distintos campos: Biomedicina, produção de energias limpas e lasers de estado sólido com aplicabilidade em macro e nanodispositivos. O sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ é apresentado pela primeira vez nesta tese. As análises de conversão ascendente e descendente para todas as estruturas compostas por este sistema apresentaram atividade na faixa ótica de interesse das aplicações sugeridas. Estas somadas a possibilidade de produção a baixo custo com elevada qualidade, quantidade e reprodutibilidade, tornam o sistema Mg2SiO4:Er3+ um material com potencial aplicação industrial. / Forsterite is a ternary oxide that belongs to the olivine mineral group. Its empirical formula is Mg2SiO4, mainly consisting of SiO44- anions and Mg2+ cations in the molar ratio of 1: 2. The structure of Mg2SiO4 consists of isolated (SiO4)4-tetrahedra, where each of the tetrahedral oxygens is shared by three octahedral cations (MgO6). The octahedral sites have two non-equivalent crystallographic conformations, one being larger and less organized relativily to the other, and both sites can be replaced by ions such as transition metals and rare earths. This structural conformation makes forsterite a promising host for optical applications. Among rare earths, the erbium, which is already widely applied in telecommunications, stands out. The Er3+ ion presents the upconversion phenomenon (absorption of two photons of lower energy, with emission in higher energy regions) when excited in the near infrared with emission in the UV-vis, keeping the upconversion property as dopant in different hosts. According to the host, the absorption and emission lines can vary in intensity and position in the spectrum. In other words, the dopant ion can present distinct optical properties depending on the host in which it is inserted. Based on the forsterite and erbium properties, this present thesis proposes the synthesis of erbium doped forsterite nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanofilms, one-dimensional structures and bulk from nanoparticles) for application in three different emerging fields: Biomedicine, clean energy and solid state lasers with applicability in macro and nanodevices. The Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system is presented for the first time in this thesis, for the best of our knowledge. The upconversion and downconversion analyses for all erbium concentrations studied in this system showed activity in the optical range of interest of the suggested applications. These results, combined with the possibility of low cost production with high quality, quantity and reproducibility make the Mg2SiO4: Er3+ system a material with potential for industrial application.
4

Computer simulation study of iron, aluminium and manganese in mantle silicates

Richmond, Nicola Claire January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
5

The Forsterite-Anorthite-Albite system at 5 kb pressure

Rahilly, Kristen Elizabeth. January 2010 (has links)
Honors Project--Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45).
6

A Thick Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coating: Design, Deposition, and Internal Stresses

Samadi, Hamed 23 February 2010 (has links)
Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Y-PSZ) plasma-sprayed coatings are widely used in turbine engines as thermal barrier coatings. However, in diesel engines Y-PSZ TBCs have not met with wide success. To reach the desirable temperature of 850-900˚C in the combustion chamber from the current temperature of 400-600˚C, a coating with a thickness of approximately 1mm is required. This introduces different considerations than in the case of turbine blade coatings, which are on the order of 100µm thick. Of the many factors affecting the durability and failure mechanism of TBCs, in service and residual stresses play an especially important role as the thickness of the coating increases. For decreasing the residual stress in the system, a multi-layer coating is helpful. The design of a multilayer coating employing relatively low cost materials with complementary thermal properties is described. Numerical models were used to describe the residual stress after deposition and under operating conditions for a multilayer coating that exhibited the desired temperature gradient. Results showed that the multilayer coating had a lower maximum stress under service conditions than a conventional Y-PSZ coating. Model validation with experiments showed a good match between the two.
7

A Thick Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coating: Design, Deposition, and Internal Stresses

Samadi, Hamed 23 February 2010 (has links)
Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Y-PSZ) plasma-sprayed coatings are widely used in turbine engines as thermal barrier coatings. However, in diesel engines Y-PSZ TBCs have not met with wide success. To reach the desirable temperature of 850-900˚C in the combustion chamber from the current temperature of 400-600˚C, a coating with a thickness of approximately 1mm is required. This introduces different considerations than in the case of turbine blade coatings, which are on the order of 100µm thick. Of the many factors affecting the durability and failure mechanism of TBCs, in service and residual stresses play an especially important role as the thickness of the coating increases. For decreasing the residual stress in the system, a multi-layer coating is helpful. The design of a multilayer coating employing relatively low cost materials with complementary thermal properties is described. Numerical models were used to describe the residual stress after deposition and under operating conditions for a multilayer coating that exhibited the desired temperature gradient. Results showed that the multilayer coating had a lower maximum stress under service conditions than a conventional Y-PSZ coating. Model validation with experiments showed a good match between the two.
8

Forsterite Dissolution Kinetics: Applications and Implications for Chemical Weathering

Olsen, Amanda Albright 02 August 2007 (has links)
Silicate minerals are the most common mineral group in the earth's crust so it is not surprising that their weathering reactions dominate the chemistry of many earth surface processes. This project used forsterite as a model system to identify the important factors that affect silicate mineral dissolution rates and grain lifetimes in the weathering environment. I determined an empirical rate law for forsterite dissolution of forsterite in oxalic acid solutions: based on a series of 124 semi-batch reactor experiments over a pH range of 0 to 7 and total oxalate concentrations between 0 and 0.35 m at 25°C. These experiments show that oxalate-promoted dissolution rates depend upon both oxalate concentration and pH. I propose a reaction mechanism in which a hydrogen ion and an oxalate ion are simultaneously present in the activated complex for the reaction that releases H4SiO4 into solution. By analogy, I propose that water acts as a ligand in the absence of oxalate. I also ran 82 batch reactor experiments in magnesium and sodium sulfate and magnesium and potassium nitrate solutions. These experiments show that ionic strength up to 12 m, log mMg up to 4 m, and log mSO4 up to 3 m have no effect on forsterite dissolution rates. However, decreasing aH2O slows forsterite dissolution rates. The effect of decreasing dissolution rates with decreasing aH2O is consistent with the idea that water acts as a ligand that participates in the dissolution process.Forsterite dissolution rate data from previously published studies were combined with results from my experiments and regressed to produce rate laws at low and high pH. For pH < 5.05 or and for pH > 5.05 or I then developed a diagram that shows the effect rate-determining variables on the lifetime of olivine grains in weathering environments using these rate laws. / Ph. D.
9

Vliv technologie výroby na vlastnosti forsteritu / The Effect of Production Technology on the Properties of Forsterite

Nguyen, Martin January 2018 (has links)
The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of production technology on the properties of forsterite. The theoretical part contains the fundamental parameters and the use of forsterite in the industry together with various possibilities of forsterite production. The main emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the raw materials for production as well as the raw materials possibilities of the Czech Republic. The end of the theoretical part contains a design for the production technology of forsterite, which will be verified in the practical part. The practical part verifies the use of various raw materials for the composition of the raw material mixture. The created test specimens were subjected to the X-ray diffraction analysis, the determination of tensile bending strength, thermal conductivity coefficient, apparent porosity, bulk density, apparent density, water absorption, permanent change in dimension on heating, refractoriness, thermal expansion coefficient, refractoriness under load and the thermal shock resistance. At the end of the practical part is the verification of the design of the production technology of forsterite.

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